Learning Aircraft Operational Factors to Improve Aircraft Climb Prediction: A Large Scale Multi-Airport Study
DOI: 10.1016/j.trc.2018.08.012
Preprint
This Github page hosts most of the code producing the results published in the paper "Learning Aircraft Operational Factors to Improve Aircraft Climb Prediction: A Large Scale Multi-Airport Study". The code missing is the code related to the Eurocontrol BADA model.
The trajectory data are automatically downloaded by the script. They are hosted at https://opensky-network.org/datasets/publication-data/climbing-aircraft-dataset.
With this code, you can reproduce the Tables 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 and Figures 6 and 7 of the publication.
If you have any problems using the provided code, please feel free to open an issue in this Github repository.
These instructions will get you a copy of the project up and running on your local machine for development and testing purposes.
In order to run the Python3 scripts, you will need to install different packages. These packages can be installed with the command:
pip3 install pandas numpy matplotlib seaborn cartopy lightgbm==2.1.1
In order to compile the OCaml binaries, you will need to install the OCaml compiler. Using Debian/Ubuntu, just type:
apt-get update
apt-get install ocaml ocaml-native-compilers
(Optional) If you want to reproduce the worldmap of the traffic (Figure 7), you have to install datashader. To do so, just type:
git clone https://github.com/bokeh/datashader.git
cd datashader
pip install -e .
For more information on datashader, go to https://github.com/bokeh/datashader.
To install the project, you just have to clone or download this github repository. To clone this repository, just type:
git clone https://github.com/richardalligier/trc2018.git
Before running the scripts you might want to edit the file config. In this file, you can edit where the generated tables and figures will be created by modifying the variables FIGURE_FOLDER and TABLE_FOLDER. Likewise, you can edit DATA_PATH, this variable is the folder storing the trajectory data, the generated models and predictions. The trajectory data are automatically downloaded.
You might want to compute the operational factors on a single aircraft type to test the script. For instance, if you want to compute the predicted factors for the DH8D, just type:
make MODELS="DH8D"
To compute the predicted operational factors for all the aircraft types, you only have to type (WARNING: Takes a lot of time!!) :
make
This script uses 4 cores and takes several days (maybe a week depending on your computer). Depending on the aircraft type being computed it can take up to approximately 9GB of RAM.
If you have a lot of RAM and cores, you can use the option -j2 and two parallel processes will be launched. More generally, you can use -jN and N processes will be launched.
Tables 1, 2 and 3 and figures 6 and 7 can be computed without computing the operational factors. For the other tables and figures, the predicted operational factors must have been computed.
You can use the command make to compute the figures and tables you want, if you want to compute all the tables and figures, just type:
make table1 table2 table3 table6 table7 table8 table9 figure6 figure7
If you only want some, remove the figures or tables you do not want.
- Richard Alligier
- David Gianazza
This project is licensed under the GPLv3 License - see the LICENSE file for details
- The OpenSky Network for providing and hosting the trajectory data
- FlightAirMap for providing data on Routes and ICAO codes
- World Aircraft Database for providing data on ICAO codes
The data are hosted on the download page of The OpenSky Network. These data files are compressed csv.
Except the angles (which are in degrees), all the variables are in SI units.
| Column | Description |
|---|---|
| time | Unix date of the point |
| timestep | (time-time[first point of climbing segment]): Date with the first point of the climbing segment at 0 |
| maxtimestep | Length of the climbing segment |
| icao24 | Anonymized 24-bit ICAO transponder ID |
| outliers | Fraction of points of the climbing segment that were discarded due to unsound values |
| callsign | Anonymized callsign |
| heading | Track angle in degree |
| baroaltitude | Barometric altitude |
| lat | Latitude in degree |
| lon | Longitude in degree |
| velocity | Ground speed |
| vertratecorr | Vertical speed |
| baroaltitudeanalysis | Barometric altitude smoothed with a cubic spline |
| dbaroaltitudeanalysis | Derivative of the Barometric altitude, computed with a cubic spline |
| tasanalysis | True AirSpeed smoothed with a cubic spline |
| dtasanalysis | Derivative of the True AirSpeed smoothed, computed with a cubic spline |
| baroaltitudekalman | Barometric altitude "smoothed" with a Kalman filter |
| taskalman | True AirSpeed "smoothed" with a Kalman filter |
| segment | Id of the climbing segment |
| modeltype | Anonymized model type variant |
| operator | Anonymized airline operator |
| ukalman | Eastern wind component, computed at the Kalman filtered baroaltitude |
| vkalman | Northern wind component, computed at the Kalman filtered baroaltitude |
| tempkalman | Temperature computed at the Kalman filtered baroaltitude |
| temp_surfacekalman | Temperature at the surface |
| temp1000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 1000 m |
| temp2000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 2000 m |
| temp3000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 3000 m |
| temp4000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 4000 m |
| temp5000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 5000 m |
| temp6000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 6000 m |
| temp7000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 7000 m |
| temp8000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 8000 m |
| temp9000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 9000 m |
| temp10000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 10000 m |
| temp11000kalman | Temperature at baroaltitudekalman + 11000 m |
| tempanalysis | Temperature at baroaltitudeanalysis |
| target_cas1 | cas1 parameter of a (cas1,cas2,Mach) speed profile, fitted on the whole climbing segment |
| target_cas2 | cas2 parameter of a (cas1,cas2,Mach) speed profile, fitted on the whole climbing segment |
| target_Mach | Mach parameter of a (cas1,cas2,Mach) speed profile, fitted on the whole climbing segment |
| mseSpeed | Mean Squared Error between the fitted speed profile and the observed one |
| n_cas1 | Number of points inside the cas1 phase |
| n_cas2 | Number of points inside the cas2 phase |
| n_mach | Number of points inside the Mach phase |
| fromICAO | Anonymized departure airport |
| toICAO | Anonymized arrival airport |
| distance_from_dep | Distance between the current position and the departure airport |
| trip_distance | Distance between the departure airport and arrival airport |
| massPast | Mass fitted on the 10 past points using only the BADA 3.14 physical model |
| mseEnergyRatePast | Root Mean Squared Error between the fitted energy-rate and the observed one |
| massFutur | Mass fitted on the 40 future points using only the BADA 3.14 physical model |
| mseEnergyRateFutur | Root Mean Squared Error between the fitted energy-rate and the observed one |
| u | Eastern wind component, computed at interpolated baroaltitude |
| v | Northern wind component, computed at interpolated baroaltitude |
| temp | Temperature computed at the interpolated baroaltitude |
| tas | True AirSpeed linearly interpolated |