feat(ci): cache artifacts in build image

[skyzh]

Signed-off-by: Alex Chi iskyzh@gmail.com

What's changed and what's your intention?

As title, still testing

Checklist

• I have written necessary docs and comments
• I have added necessary unit tests and integration tests
• All checks passed in ./risedev check (or alias, ./risedev c)

Refer to a related PR or issue link (optional)

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #3093 (5576a2c) into main (980e2cd) will decrease coverage by 0.00%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

❗ Current head 5576a2c differs from pull request most recent head 193049f. Consider uploading reports for the commit 193049f to get more accurate results

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #3093      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   73.47%   73.47%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         735      735              
  Lines      100446   100446              
==========================================
- Hits        73803    73802       -1     
- Misses      26643    26644       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
rust	73.47% <ø> (-0.01%)	⬇️

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/meta/src/hummock/mock_hummock_meta_client.rs	43.82% <0.00%> (-1.13%)	⬇️
src/storage/src/hummock/local_version_manager.rs	84.12% <0.00%> (-0.16%)	⬇️
src/common/src/types/ordered_float.rs	24.90% <0.00%> (+0.19%)	⬆️

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[huangjw806]

Great work！LGTM!