This application is a merage of the libuarte peripheral example and the ble_app_uart ble_peripheral example.
Any data sent over the nus ble service will be forwarded to the used tx pin, and any data sent over the rx pin will be forwarded to the ble nus service.
Any easier way to test that is by using the Arduino serial monitor. The default tx/rx pins are the ones attached to the on board Jlink debugger (P0.5, P0.8). So if you open the Jlink board COM port at (115200 BAUD) you should be able to send data to the SOC, which will then be forwarded the ble nus service. And any data sent over the nus service should be received in this COM port too.
You could change the tx and rx pins on the libuarte init, and have another device UART pins attached to. In this way you'll be talking to this device throught the UART.
UARTE = UART + EasyDMA.