get.go

package discovery

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"io/ioutil"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"golang.org/x/net/html"

	getter "github.com/hashicorp/go-getter"
	multierror "github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
	"github.com/hashicorp/terraform/httpclient"
	"github.com/mitchellh/cli"
)

// Releases are located by parsing the html listing from releases.hashicorp.com.
//
// The URL for releases follows the pattern:
//    https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform-provider-name/<x.y.z>/terraform-provider-name_<x.y.z>_<os>_<arch>.<ext>
//
// The plugin protocol version will be saved with the release and returned in
// the header X-TERRAFORM_PROTOCOL_VERSION.

const protocolVersionHeader = "x-terraform-protocol-version"

var releaseHost = "https://releases.hashicorp.com"

var httpClient *http.Client

func init() {
	httpClient = httpclient.New()

	httpGetter := &getter.HttpGetter{
		Client: httpClient,
		Netrc:  true,
	}

	getter.Getters["http"] = httpGetter
	getter.Getters["https"] = httpGetter
}

// An Installer maintains a local cache of plugins by downloading plugins
// from an online repository.
type Installer interface {
	Get(name string, req Constraints) (PluginMeta, error)
	PurgeUnused(used map[string]PluginMeta) (removed PluginMetaSet, err error)
}

// ProviderInstaller is an Installer implementation that knows how to
// download Terraform providers from the official HashiCorp releases service
// into a local directory. The files downloaded are compliant with the
// naming scheme expected by FindPlugins, so the target directory of a
// provider installer can be used as one of several plugin discovery sources.
type ProviderInstaller struct {
	Dir string

	// Cache is used to access and update a local cache of plugins if non-nil.
	// Can be nil to disable caching.
	Cache PluginCache

	PluginProtocolVersion uint

	// OS and Arch specify the OS and architecture that should be used when
	// installing plugins. These use the same labels as the runtime.GOOS and
	// runtime.GOARCH variables respectively, and indeed the values of these
	// are used as defaults if either of these is the empty string.
	OS   string
	Arch string

	// Skip checksum and signature verification
	SkipVerify bool

	Ui cli.Ui // Ui for output
}

// Get is part of an implementation of type Installer, and attempts to download
// and install a Terraform provider matching the given constraints.
//
// This method may return one of a number of sentinel errors from this
// package to indicate issues that are likely to be resolvable via user action:
//
//     ErrorNoSuchProvider: no provider with the given name exists in the repository.
//     ErrorNoSuitableVersion: the provider exists but no available version matches constraints.
//     ErrorNoVersionCompatible: a plugin was found within the constraints but it is
//                               incompatible with the current Terraform version.
//
// These errors should be recognized and handled as special cases by the caller
// to present a suitable user-oriented error message.
//
// All other errors indicate an internal problem that is likely _not_ solvable
// through user action, or at least not within Terraform's scope. Error messages
// are produced under the assumption that if presented to the user they will
// be presented alongside context about what is being installed, and thus the
// error messages do not redundantly include such information.
func (i *ProviderInstaller) Get(provider string, req Constraints) (PluginMeta, error) {
	versions, err := i.listProviderVersions(provider)
	// TODO: return multiple errors
	if err != nil {
		return PluginMeta{}, err
	}

	if len(versions) == 0 {
		return PluginMeta{}, ErrorNoSuitableVersion
	}

	versions = allowedVersions(versions, req)
	if len(versions) == 0 {
		return PluginMeta{}, ErrorNoSuitableVersion
	}

	// sort them newest to oldest
	Versions(versions).Sort()

	// Ensure that our installation directory exists
	err = os.MkdirAll(i.Dir, os.ModePerm)
	if err != nil {
		return PluginMeta{}, fmt.Errorf("failed to create plugin dir %s: %s", i.Dir, err)
	}

	// take the first matching plugin we find
	for _, v := range versions {
		url := i.providerURL(provider, v.String())

		if !i.SkipVerify {
			sha256, err := i.getProviderChecksum(provider, v.String())
			if err != nil {
				return PluginMeta{}, err
			}

			// add the checksum parameter for go-getter to verify the download for us.
			if sha256 != "" {
				url = url + "?checksum=sha256:" + sha256
			}
		}

		log.Printf("[DEBUG] fetching provider info for %s version %s", provider, v)
		if checkPlugin(url, i.PluginProtocolVersion) {
			i.Ui.Info(fmt.Sprintf("- Downloading plugin for provider %q (%s)...", provider, v.String()))
			log.Printf("[DEBUG] getting provider %q version %q", provider, v)
			err := i.install(provider, v, url)
			if err != nil {
				return PluginMeta{}, err
			}

			// Find what we just installed
			// (This is weird, because go-getter doesn't directly return
			//  information about what was extracted, and we just extracted
			//  the archive directly into a shared dir here.)
			log.Printf("[DEBUG] looking for the %s %s plugin we just installed", provider, v)
			metas := FindPlugins("provider", []string{i.Dir})
			log.Printf("[DEBUG] all plugins found %#v", metas)
			metas, _ = metas.ValidateVersions()
			metas = metas.WithName(provider).WithVersion(v)
			log.Printf("[DEBUG] filtered plugins %#v", metas)
			if metas.Count() == 0 {
				// This should never happen. Suggests that the release archive
				// contains an executable file whose name doesn't match the
				// expected convention.
				return PluginMeta{}, fmt.Errorf(
					"failed to find installed plugin version %s; this is a bug in Terraform and should be reported",
					v,
				)
			}

			if metas.Count() > 1 {
				// This should also never happen, and suggests that a
				// particular version was re-released with a different
				// executable filename. We consider releases as immutable, so
				// this is an error.
				return PluginMeta{}, fmt.Errorf(
					"multiple plugins installed for version %s; this is a bug in Terraform and should be reported",
					v,
				)
			}

			// By now we know we have exactly one meta, and so "Newest" will
			// return that one.
			return metas.Newest(), nil
		}

		log.Printf("[INFO] incompatible ProtocolVersion for %s version %s", provider, v)
	}

	return PluginMeta{}, ErrorNoVersionCompatible
}

func (i *ProviderInstaller) install(provider string, version Version, url string) error {
	if i.Cache != nil {
		log.Printf("[DEBUG] looking for provider %s %s in plugin cache", provider, version)
		cached := i.Cache.CachedPluginPath("provider", provider, version)
		if cached == "" {
			log.Printf("[DEBUG] %s %s not yet in cache, so downloading %s", provider, version, url)
			err := getter.Get(i.Cache.InstallDir(), url)
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}
			// should now be in cache
			cached = i.Cache.CachedPluginPath("provider", provider, version)
			if cached == "" {
				// should never happen if the getter is behaving properly
				// and the plugins are packaged properly.
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to find downloaded plugin in cache %s", i.Cache.InstallDir())
			}
		}

		// Link or copy the cached binary into our install dir so the
		// normal resolution machinery can find it.
		filename := filepath.Base(cached)
		targetPath := filepath.Join(i.Dir, filename)

		log.Printf("[DEBUG] installing %s %s to %s from local cache %s", provider, version, targetPath, cached)

		// Delete if we can. If there's nothing there already then no harm done.
		// This is important because we can't create a link if there's
		// already a file of the same name present.
		// (any other error here we'll catch below when we try to write here)
		os.Remove(targetPath)

		// We don't attempt linking on Windows because links are not
		// comprehensively supported by all tools/apps in Windows and
		// so we choose to be conservative to avoid creating any
		// weird issues for Windows users.
		linkErr := errors.New("link not supported for Windows") // placeholder error, never actually returned
		if runtime.GOOS != "windows" {
			// Try hard linking first. Hard links are preferable because this
			// creates a self-contained directory that doesn't depend on the
			// cache after install.
			linkErr = os.Link(cached, targetPath)

			// If that failed, try a symlink. This _does_ depend on the cache
			// after install, so the user must manage the cache more carefully
			// in this case, but avoids creating redundant copies of the
			// plugins on disk.
			if linkErr != nil {
				linkErr = os.Symlink(cached, targetPath)
			}
		}

		// If we still have an error then we'll try a copy as a fallback.
		// In this case either the OS is Windows or the target filesystem
		// can't support symlinks.
		if linkErr != nil {
			srcFile, err := os.Open(cached)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to open cached plugin %s: %s", cached, err)
			}
			defer srcFile.Close()

			destFile, err := os.OpenFile(targetPath, os.O_TRUNC|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, os.ModePerm)
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to create %s: %s", targetPath, err)
			}

			_, err = io.Copy(destFile, srcFile)
			if err != nil {
				destFile.Close()
				return fmt.Errorf("failed to copy cached plugin from %s to %s: %s", cached, targetPath, err)
			}

			err = destFile.Close()
			if err != nil {
				return fmt.Errorf("error creating %s: %s", targetPath, err)
			}
		}

		// One way or another, by the time we get here we should have either
		// a link or a copy of the cached plugin within i.Dir, as expected.
	} else {
		log.Printf("[DEBUG] plugin cache is disabled, so downloading %s %s from %s", provider, version, url)
		err := getter.Get(i.Dir, url)
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}

	return nil
}

func (i *ProviderInstaller) PurgeUnused(used map[string]PluginMeta) (PluginMetaSet, error) {
	purge := make(PluginMetaSet)

	present := FindPlugins("provider", []string{i.Dir})
	for meta := range present {
		chosen, ok := used[meta.Name]
		if !ok {
			purge.Add(meta)
		}
		if chosen.Path != meta.Path {
			purge.Add(meta)
		}
	}

	removed := make(PluginMetaSet)
	var errs error
	for meta := range purge {
		path := meta.Path
		err := os.Remove(path)
		if err != nil {
			errs = multierror.Append(errs, fmt.Errorf(
				"failed to remove unused provider plugin %s: %s",
				path, err,
			))
		} else {
			removed.Add(meta)
		}
	}

	return removed, errs
}

// Plugins are referred to by the short name, but all URLs and files will use
// the full name prefixed with terraform-<plugin_type>-
func (i *ProviderInstaller) providerName(name string) string {
	return "terraform-provider-" + name
}

func (i *ProviderInstaller) providerFileName(name, version string) string {
	os := i.OS
	arch := i.Arch
	if os == "" {
		os = runtime.GOOS
	}
	if arch == "" {
		arch = runtime.GOARCH
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_%s_%s.zip", i.providerName(name), version, os, arch)
}

// providerVersionsURL returns the path to the released versions directory for the provider:
// https://releases.hashicorp.com/terraform-provider-name/
func (i *ProviderInstaller) providerVersionsURL(name string) string {
	return releaseHost + "/" + i.providerName(name) + "/"
}

// providerURL returns the full path to the provider file, using the current OS
// and ARCH:
// .../terraform-provider-name_<x.y.z>/terraform-provider-name_<x.y.z>_<os>_<arch>.<ext>
func (i *ProviderInstaller) providerURL(name, version string) string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s/%s", i.providerVersionsURL(name), version, i.providerFileName(name, version))
}

func (i *ProviderInstaller) providerChecksumURL(name, version string) string {
	fileName := fmt.Sprintf("%s_%s_SHA256SUMS", i.providerName(name), version)
	u := fmt.Sprintf("%s%s/%s", i.providerVersionsURL(name), version, fileName)
	return u
}

func (i *ProviderInstaller) getProviderChecksum(name, version string) (string, error) {
	checksums, err := getPluginSHA256SUMs(i.providerChecksumURL(name, version))
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return checksumForFile(checksums, i.providerFileName(name, version)), nil
}

// Return the plugin version by making a HEAD request to the provided url.
// If the header is not present, we assume the latest version will be
// compatible, and leave the check for discovery or execution.
func checkPlugin(url string, pluginProtocolVersion uint) bool {
	resp, err := httpClient.Head(url)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("[ERROR] error fetching plugin headers: %s", err)
		return false
	}

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		log.Println("[ERROR] non-200 status fetching plugin headers:", resp.Status)
		return false
	}

	proto := resp.Header.Get(protocolVersionHeader)
	if proto == "" {
		// The header isn't present, but we don't make this error fatal since
		// the latest version will probably work.
		log.Printf("[WARN] missing %s from: %s", protocolVersionHeader, url)
		return true
	}

	protoVersion, err := strconv.Atoi(proto)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("[ERROR] invalid ProtocolVersion: %s", proto)
		return false
	}

	return protoVersion == int(pluginProtocolVersion)
}

// list the version available for the named plugin
func (i *ProviderInstaller) listProviderVersions(name string) ([]Version, error) {
	versions, err := listPluginVersions(i.providerVersionsURL(name))
	if err != nil {
		// listPluginVersions returns a verbose error message indicating
		// what was being accessed and what failed
		return nil, err
	}
	return versions, nil
}

var errVersionNotFound = errors.New("version not found")

// take the list of available versions for a plugin, and filter out those that
// don't fit the constraints.
func allowedVersions(available []Version, required Constraints) []Version {
	var allowed []Version

	for _, v := range available {
		if required.Allows(v) {
			allowed = append(allowed, v)
		}
	}

	return allowed
}

// return a list of the plugin versions at the given URL
func listPluginVersions(url string) ([]Version, error) {
	resp, err := httpClient.Get(url)
	if err != nil {
		// http library produces a verbose error message that includes the
		// URL being accessed, etc.
		return nil, err
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		log.Printf("[ERROR] failed to fetch plugin versions from %s\n%s\n%s", url, resp.Status, body)

		switch resp.StatusCode {
		case http.StatusNotFound, http.StatusForbidden:
			// These are treated as indicative of the given name not being
			// a valid provider name at all.
			return nil, ErrorNoSuchProvider

		default:
			// All other errors are assumed to be operational problems.
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("error accessing %s: %s", url, resp.Status)
		}

	}

	body, err := html.Parse(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	names := []string{}

	// all we need to do is list links on the directory listing page that look like plugins
	var f func(*html.Node)
	f = func(n *html.Node) {
		if n.Type == html.ElementNode && n.Data == "a" {
			c := n.FirstChild
			if c != nil && c.Type == html.TextNode && strings.HasPrefix(c.Data, "terraform-") {
				names = append(names, c.Data)
				return
			}
		}
		for c := n.FirstChild; c != nil; c = c.NextSibling {
			f(c)
		}
	}
	f(body)

	return versionsFromNames(names), nil
}

// parse the list of directory names into a sorted list of available versions
func versionsFromNames(names []string) []Version {
	var versions []Version
	for _, name := range names {
		parts := strings.SplitN(name, "_", 2)
		if len(parts) == 2 && parts[1] != "" {
			v, err := VersionStr(parts[1]).Parse()
			if err != nil {
				// filter invalid versions scraped from the page
				log.Printf("[WARN] invalid version found for %q: %s", name, err)
				continue
			}

			versions = append(versions, v)
		}
	}

	return versions
}

func checksumForFile(sums []byte, name string) string {
	for _, line := range strings.Split(string(sums), "\n") {
		parts := strings.Fields(line)
		if len(parts) > 1 && parts[1] == name {
			return parts[0]
		}
	}
	return ""
}

// fetch the SHA256SUMS file provided, and verify its signature.
func getPluginSHA256SUMs(sumsURL string) ([]byte, error) {
	sigURL := sumsURL + ".sig"

	sums, err := getFile(sumsURL)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error fetching checksums: %s", err)
	}

	sig, err := getFile(sigURL)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("error fetching checksums signature: %s", err)
	}

	if err := verifySig(sums, sig); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return sums, nil
}

func getFile(url string) ([]byte, error) {
	resp, err := httpClient.Get(url)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	defer resp.Body.Close()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s", resp.Status)
	}

	data, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return data, err
	}
	return data, nil
}

func GetReleaseHost() string {
	return releaseHost
}