Add install_julia.sh

[eitsupi]

Close #128
Add a script to install Julia and two different packages for using Julia from R.
This is a continuation of #157, work by @grantmcdermott.

The following changes were made to make it behave like the other rocker scripts.

• Multi-architecture support
• Automatically get the latest version of Julia
• Create a symbolic link instead of changing the PATH environment variable
• Omit installation of Julia packages

The reason why I left out the installation of the package RCall.jl for using R from Julia is that Julia packages are basically installed on a per-user basis.
Given that the user running the script (root) and the user using Julia (e.g. rstudio) are likely to be different, I thought it would be of little use to install RCall.jl within this script.

@grantmcdermott How about it?

ToDo

• Update the NEWS.md

[cboettig]

This looks good to me.

@grantmcdermott any thoughts here?

[grantmcdermott]

Yeah, looks great. The point about RCall.jl and per-user installation is a bummer, but probably correct. There might be a way to enable via symlinks or instantiating dedicated projects for the root and rstudio users in the Dockerfile... but that would probably require more work than can be justified. I would just leave a note somewhere that users should expect to install RCall.jl themselves if they want it.

PS. Sorry, @eitsupi for dropping the ball w.r.t. to your comments on my previous PR. But I'm happy to close #157 in favour of this.

[eitsupi]

Note: I found comments that the environment variable JULIA_DEPOT_PATH can be used to control the directory where the packages are installed, but after a few tries, I could not use packages installed by root from non-root user.
The environment variable is also set in the Docker image by Project Jupyter https://github.com/jupyter/docker-stacks/blob/82ce73789ba4ae47c49110f326da501fdbb91bf5/datascience-notebook/Dockerfile#L30, which Python, R, and Julia are installed, but I still could not invoke the installed Julia packages in the Dockerfile when I switched users.

[cboettig]

👍

[eitsupi]

@cboettig Thank you for your review.
The flaw in docker-bake.json that was causing the build to fail should have been fixed in #274, so I hope you can merge this PR and build it. (if it fails to build, I'll fix it tomorrow......)