Work on type mapping inference for string concatenation

Fixes dotnet#32325, see also dotnet#32333

src/EFCore.Relational/Query/SqlExpressionFactory.cs

@@ -202,6 +202,40 @@ private SqlExpression ApplyTypeMappingOnLike(LikeExpression likeExpression)
             }
 
             case ExpressionType.Add:
+                inferredTypeMapping = typeMapping;
+
+                if (inferredTypeMapping is null)
+                {
+                    // Infer null size (nvarchar(max)) if either side has no size.
+                    // Note that for constants, we could instead look at the value length; but that requires we know the type mappings which
+                    // can have a size (string/byte[], maybe something else?).
+                    var inferredSize = left.TypeMapping?.Size is int leftSize && right.TypeMapping?.Size is int rightSize
+                        ? leftSize + rightSize
+                        : (int?)null;
+
+                    // Unless both sides are fixed length, the result isn't fixed length.
+                    var inferredFixedLength = left.TypeMapping?.IsFixedLength is true && right.TypeMapping?.IsFixedLength is true;
+                    // Default to Unicode unless both sides are non-unicode.
+                    var inferredUnicode = !(left.TypeMapping?.IsUnicode is false && right.TypeMapping?.IsUnicode is false);
+
+                    var baseTypeMapping = left.TypeMapping
+                        ?? right.TypeMapping
+                        ?? ApplyDefaultTypeMapping(left).TypeMapping
+                        ?? throw new InvalidOperationException("Couldn't find type mapping");
+
+                    inferredTypeMapping = baseTypeMapping.Size == inferredSize
+                        && baseTypeMapping.IsFixedLength == inferredFixedLength
+                        && baseTypeMapping.IsUnicode == inferredUnicode
+                            ? baseTypeMapping
+                            : _typeMappingSource.FindMapping(
+                                baseTypeMapping.ClrType, storeTypeName: null, keyOrIndex: false, inferredUnicode, inferredSize,
+                                rowVersion: false, inferredFixedLength, baseTypeMapping.Precision, baseTypeMapping.Scale);
+                }
+
+                resultType = inferredTypeMapping?.ClrType ?? left.Type;
+                resultTypeMapping = inferredTypeMapping;
+                break;
+
             case ExpressionType.Subtract:
             case ExpressionType.Multiply:
             case ExpressionType.Divide:

test/EFCore.Specification.Tests/Query/NorthwindMiscellaneousQueryTestBase.cs

@@ -5659,4 +5659,26 @@ public virtual Task Subquery_with_navigation_inside_inline_collection(bool async
         => AssertQuery(
             async,
             ss => ss.Set<Customer>().Where(c => new[] { 100, c.Orders.Count }.Sum() > 101));
+
+    [ConditionalTheory]
+    [MemberData(nameof(IsAsyncData))]
+    public virtual Task Contains_over_concatenated_columns_with_different_sizes(bool async)
+    {
+        var data = new[] { "ALFKI" + "Alfreds Futterkiste", "ANATR" + "Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados" };
+
+        return AssertQuery(
+            async,
+            ss => ss.Set<Customer>().Where(c => data.Contains(c.CustomerID + c.CompanyName)));
+    }
+
+    [ConditionalTheory]
+    [MemberData(nameof(IsAsyncData))]
+    public virtual Task Contains_over_concatenated_column_and_constant(bool async)
+    {
+        var data = new[] { "ALFKI" + "SomeConstant", "ANATR" + "SomeConstant" };
+
+        return AssertQuery(
+            async,
+            ss => ss.Set<Customer>().Where(c => data.Contains(c.CustomerID + "SomeConstant")));
+    }
 }

test/EFCore.SqlServer.FunctionalTests/Query/NorthwindMiscellaneousQuerySqlServerTest.cs

@@ -7277,6 +7277,40 @@ SELECT COUNT(*)
 """);
     }
 
+    public override async Task Contains_over_concatenated_columns_with_different_sizes(bool async)
+    {
+        await base.Contains_over_concatenated_columns_with_different_sizes (async);
+
+        AssertSql(
+            """
+@__data_0='["ALFKIAlfreds Futterkiste","ANATRAna Trujillo Emparedados y helados"]' (Size = 4000)
+
+SELECT [c].[CustomerID], [c].[Address], [c].[City], [c].[CompanyName], [c].[ContactName], [c].[ContactTitle], [c].[Country], [c].[Fax], [c].[Phone], [c].[PostalCode], [c].[Region]
+FROM [Customers] AS [c]
+WHERE [c].[CustomerID] + [c].[CompanyName] IN (
+    SELECT [d].[value]
+    FROM OPENJSON(@__data_0) WITH ([value] nvarchar(45) '$') AS [d]
+)
+""");
+    }
+
+    public override async Task Contains_over_concatenated_column_and_constant(bool async)
+    {
+        await base.Contains_over_concatenated_column_and_constant (async);
+
+        AssertSql(
+            """
+@__data_0='["ALFKISomeConstant","ANATRSomeConstant"]' (Size = 4000)
+
+SELECT [c].[CustomerID], [c].[Address], [c].[City], [c].[CompanyName], [c].[ContactName], [c].[ContactTitle], [c].[Country], [c].[Fax], [c].[Phone], [c].[PostalCode], [c].[Region]
+FROM [Customers] AS [c]
+WHERE [c].[CustomerID] + N'SomeConstant' IN (
+    SELECT [d].[value]
+    FROM OPENJSON(@__data_0) WITH ([value] nvarchar(max) '$') AS [d]
+)
+""");
+    }
+
     private void AssertSql(params string[] expected)
         => Fixture.TestSqlLoggerFactory.AssertBaseline(expected);