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title category layout ads tags updated weight
React.js
React
2017/sheet
true
Featured
2017-09-01
-10

{%raw%}

Components

{: .-three-column}

Components

{: .-prime}

import React from 'react'
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom'

{: .-setup}

class Hello extends React.Component {
  render () {
    return <div className='message-box'>
      Hello {this.props.name}
    </div>
  }
}
const el = document.body
ReactDOM.render(<Hello name='John' />, el)

Use the React.js jsfiddle to start hacking. (or the unofficial jsbin)

Properties

<Video fullscreen={true} />

{: .-setup}

render () {
  this.props.fullscreen
  ···
}

{: data-line="2"}

Use this.props to access properties passed to the component.

See: Properties

States

this.setState({ username: 'rstacruz' })
render () {
  this.state.username
  ···
}

{: data-line="2"}

Use states (this.state) to manage dynamic data.

See: States

Nesting

class Info extends React.Component {
  render () {
    const { avatar, username } = this.props

    return <div>
      <UserAvatar src={avatar} />
      <UserProfile username={username} />
    </div>
  }
}

{: data-line="6,7"}

Nest components to separate concerns.

See: Composing Components

Children

<AlertBox>
  <h1>You have pending notifications</h1>
</AlertBox>

{: data-line="2"}

class AlertBox extends React.Component {
  render () {
    return <div className='alert-box'>
      {this.props.children}
    </div>
  }
}

{: data-line="4"}

Children are passed as the children property.

Defaults

Setting default props

Hello.defaultProps = {
  color: 'blue'
}

{: data-line="1"}

See: defaultProps

Setting default state

class Hello extends React.Component {
  constructor (props) {
    super(props)
    this.state = { visible: true }
  }
}

{: data-line="4"}

Set the default state in the constructor().

Other components

{: .-three-column}

Function components

function MyComponent ({ name }) {
  return <div className='message-box'>
    Hello {name}
  </div>
}

{: data-line="1"}

Functional components have no state. Also, their props are passed as the first parameter to a function.

See: Function and Class Components

Pure components

class MessageBox extends React.PureComponent {
  ···
}

{: data-line="1"}

Performance-optimized version of React.Component. Doesn't rerender if props/state hasn't changed.

See: Pure components

Component API

this.forceUpdate()
this.setState({ ... })
this.state
this.props

These methods and properies are available for Component instances.

See: Component API

Lifecycle

{: .-two-column}

Mounting

Method Description
constructor (props) Before rendering #
componentWillMount() Don't use this #
render() Render #
componentDidMount() After rendering (DOM available) #
--- ---
componentWillUnmount() Before DOM removal #

Set initial the state on constructor(). Add DOM event handlers, timers (etc) on componentDidMount(), then remove them on componentWillUnmount().

Updating

Method Description
componentWillReceiveProps (newProps) Use setState() here
shouldComponentUpdate (newProps, newState) Skips render() if returns false
componentWillUpdate (newProps, newState) Can't use setState() here
render() Render
componentDidUpdate (prevProps, prevState) Operate on the DOM here

Called when parents change properties and .setState(). These are not called for initial renders.

See: Component specs

DOM nodes

{: .-two-column}

References

class MyComponent extends React.Component {
  render () {
    return <div>
      <input ref={el => this.input = el} />
    </div>
  }

  componentDidMount () {
    this.input.focus()
  }
}

{: data-line="4,9"}

Allows access to DOM nodes.

See: Refs and the DOM

DOM Events

class MyComponent extends React.Component {
  render () {
    <input type="text"
        value={this.state.value}
        onChange={event => this.onChange(event)} />
  }

  onChange (event) {
    this.setState({ value: event.target.vlaue })
  }
}

{: data-line="5,9"}

Pass functions to attributes like onChange.

See: Events

Other features

Transfering props

<VideoPlayer src="video.mp4" />

{: .-setup}

class VideoPlayer extends React.Component {
  render () {
    return <VideoEmbed {...this.props} />
  }
}

{: data-line="3"}

Propagates src="..." down to the sub-component.

See Transferring props

Top-level API

React.createClass({ ... })
React.isValidElement(c)
ReactDOM.render(<Component />, domnode, [callback])
ReactDOM.unmountComponentAtNode(domnode)
ReactDOMServer.renderToString(<Component />)
ReactDOMServer.renderToStaticMarkup(<Component />)

There are more, but these are most common.

See: React top-level API

JSX patterns

{: .-two-column}

Style shorthand

var style = { height: 10 }
return <div style={style}></div>
return <div style={{ margin: 0, padding: 0 }}></div>

See: Inline styles

Inner HTML

function markdownify() { return "<p>...</p>"; }
<div dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{__html: markdownify()}} />

See: Dangerously set innerHTML

Lists

class TodoList extends React.Component {
  render () {
    const { items } = this.props

    return <ul>
      {items.map(item =>
        <TodoItem item={item} key={item.key} />)}
    </ul>
  }
}

{: data-line="6,7"}

Always supply a key property.

Conditionals

<div>
  {showPopup
    ? <Popup />
    : null}
</div>

Property validation

{: .-three-column}

PropTypes

import PropTypes from 'prop-types'

{: .-setup}

See: Typechecking with PropTypes

| any | Anything |

Basic

| string | | | number | | | func | Function | | bool | True or false |

Enum

| oneOf(any) | Enum types | | oneOfType(type array) | Union |

Array

| array | | | arrayOf(...) | |

Object

| object | | | objectOf(...) | Object with values of a certain type | | instanceOf(...) | Instance of a class | | shape(...) | |

Elements

| element | React element | | node | DOM node |

Required

| (···).isRequired | Required |

Basic types

MyComponent.propTypes = {
  email:      PropTypes.string,
  seats:      PropTypes.number,
  callback:   PropTypes.func,
  isClosed:   PropTypes.bool,
  any:        PropTypes.any
}

Required types

MyCo.propTypes = {
  name:  PropTypes.string.isRequired
}

Elements

MyCo.propTypes = {
  // React element
  element: PropTypes.element,

  // num, string, element, or an array of those
  node: PropTypes.node
}

Enumerables (oneOf)

MyCo.propTypes = {
  direction: PropTypes.oneOf([
    'left', 'right'
  ])
}

Arrays and objects

MyCo.propTypes = {
  list: PropTypes.array,
  ages: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.number),
  user: PropTypes.object,
  user: PropTypes.objectOf(PropTypes.number),
  message: PropTypes.instanceOf(Message)
}
MyCo.propTypes = {
  user: PropTypes.shape({
    name: PropTypes.string,
    age:  PropTypes.number
  })
}

Use .array[Of], .object[Of], .instanceOf, .shape.

Custom validation

MyCo.propTypes = {
  customProp: (props, key, componentName) => {
    if (!/matchme/.test(props[key])) {
      return new Error('Validation failed!')
    }
  }
}

Also see

{: .-one-column}

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