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NEWS for Ruby 3.3.0

This document is a list of user-visible feature changes since the 3.2.0 release, except for bug fixes.

Note that each entry is kept to a minimum, see links for details.

Language changes

Command line options

  • A new performance warning category was introduced. They are not displayed by default even in verbose mode. Turn them on with -W:performance or Warning[:performance] = true. [Feature #19538]
  • The RUBY_GC_HEAP_INIT_SLOTS environment variable has been deprecated and removed. Environment variables RUBY_GC_HEAP_%d_INIT_SLOTS should be used instead. [Feature #19785]

Core classes updates

Note: We're only listing outstanding class updates.

  • Array

    • Array#pack now raises ArgumentError for unknown directives. [Bug #19150]

  • Dir

    • Dir.for_fd added for returning a Dir object for the directory specified by the provided directory file descriptor. [Feature #19347]
    • Dir.fchdir added for changing the directory to the directory specified by the provided directory file descriptor. [Feature #19347]
    • Dir#chdir added for changing the directory to the directory specified by the provided Dir object. [Feature #19347]

  • MatchData

    • MatchData#named_captures now accepts optional symbolize_names keyword. [Feature #19591]

  • Module

    • Module#set_temporary_name added for setting a temporary name for a module. [Feature #19521]

  • ObjectSpace::WeakKeyMap

    • New core class to build collections with weak references. The class use equality semantic to lookup keys like a regular hash, but it doesn't hold strong references on the keys. [Feature #18498]

  • Proc

    • Now Proc#dup and Proc#clone call #initialize_dup and #initialize_clone hooks respectively. [Feature #19362]

  • Process.warmup

    • Notify the Ruby virtual machine that the boot sequence is finished, and that now is a good time to optimize the application. This is useful for long running applications. The actual optimizations performed are entirely implementation specific and may change in the future without notice. [Feature #18885]

  • Process::Status

    • Process::Status#& and Process::Status#>> are deprecated. [Bug #19868]

  • Range

    • Range#reverse_each can now process beginless ranges with an Integer endpoint. [Feature #18515]

  • Refinement

    • Add Refinement#target as an alternative of Refinement#refined_class. Refinement#refined_class is deprecated and will be removed in Ruby 3.4. [Feature #19714]

  • String

    • String#unpack now raises ArgumentError for unknown directives. [Bug #19150]
    • String#bytesplice now accepts new arguments index/length or range of the source string to be copied. [Feature #19314]

Stdlib updates

  • RubyGems and Bundler warn if users require gem that is scheduled to become the bundled gems in the future version of Ruby. [Feature #19351] [Feature #19776] [Feature #19843]

    Targeted libraries are:

    • abbrev
    • base64
    • bigdecimal
    • csv
    • drb
    • getoptlong
    • mutex_m
    • nkf
    • observer
    • resolv-replace
    • rinda
    • syslog

  • Socket#recv and Socket#recv_nonblock returns nil instead of an empty string on closed connections. Socket#recvmsg and Socket#recvmsg_nonblock returns nil instead of an empty packet on closed connections. [Bug #19012]

  • Random::Formatter#alphanumeric is extended to accept optional chars keyword argument. [Feature #18183]

The following default gem is added.

  • prism 0.17.1

The following default gems are updated.

  • RubyGems 3.5.0.dev
  • benchmark 0.3.0
  • bigdecimal 3.1.5
  • bundler 2.5.0.dev
  • csv 3.2.8
  • erb 4.0.3
  • etc 1.4.3.dev.1
  • fiddle 1.1.2
  • fileutils 1.7.1
  • io-console 0.6.1.dev
  • irb 1.8.3
  • net-http 0.4.0
  • nkf 0.1.3
  • openssl 3.2.0
  • optparse 0.4.0.pre.1
  • psych 5.1.1.1
  • rdoc 6.6.0
  • reline 0.3.9
  • shellwords 0.2.0
  • singleton 0.2.0
  • stringio 3.0.9
  • strscan 3.0.7
  • syntax_suggest 1.1.0
  • time 0.2.2
  • timeout 0.4.0
  • un 0.3.0
  • uri 0.12.2
  • yaml 0.3.0

The following bundled gem is promoted from default gems.

  • racc 1.7.3

The following bundled gems are updated.

  • minitest 5.20.0
  • rake 13.1.0
  • test-unit 3.6.1
  • rexml 3.2.6
  • rss 0.3.0
  • net-imap 0.4.4
  • net-smtp 0.4.0
  • rbs 3.2.2
  • typeprof 0.21.8
  • debug 1.8.0

See GitHub releases like Logger or changelog for details of the default gems or bundled gems.

Supported platforms

Compatibility issues

Stdlib compatibility issues

  • racc is promoted to bundled gems.
    • You need to add racc to your Gemfile if you use racc under bundler environment.
  • ext/readline is retired
    • We have reline that is pure Ruby implementation compatible with ext/readline API. We rely on reline in the future. If you need to use ext/readline, you can install ext/readline via rubygems.org with gem install readline-ext.
    • We no longer need to install libraries like libreadline or libedit.

C API updates

Implementation improvements

  • defined?(@ivar) is optimized with Object Shapes.
  • Name resolution such as Socket.getaddrinfo can now be interrupted. [Feature #19965]

YJIT

  • Major performance improvements over 3.2
    • Support for splat and rest arguments has been improved.
    • Registers are allocated for stack operations of the virtual machine.
    • More calls with optional arguments are compiled.
    • Exception handlers are also compiled.
    • Instance variables no longer exit to the interpreter with megamorphic object shapes.
    • Unsupported call types no longer exit to the interpreter.
    • Integer#!=, String#!=, Kernel#block_given?, Kernel#is_a?, Kernel#instance_of?, Module#=== are specially optimized.
    • Now more than 3x faster than the interpreter on optcarrot!
  • Significantly improved memory usage over 3.2
    • Metadata for compiled code uses a lot less memory.
    • Generate more compact code on ARM64
  • Compilation speed is now slightly faster than 3.2.
  • Add RubyVM::YJIT.enable that can enable YJIT later
    • You can start YJIT without modifying command-line arguments or environment variables.
    • This can also be used to enable YJIT only once your application is done booting. --yjit-disable can be used if you want to use other YJIT options while disabling YJIT at boot.
  • Option to disable code GC and treat --yjit-exec-mem-size as a hard limit
    • Can produce better copy-on-write behavior on servers using unicorn and forking
  • ratio_in_yjit stat produced by --yjit-stats is now avaiable in release builds, a special stats or dev build is no longer required to access most stats.
  • Exit tracing option now supports sampling
    • --trace-exits-sample-rate=N
  • More thorough testing and multiple bug fixes
  • --yjit-stats=quiet is added to avoid printing stats on exit.
  • --yjit-perf is added to facilitate profiling with Linux perf.

MJIT

  • MJIT is removed.
    • --disable-jit-support is removed. Consider using --disable-yjit --disable-rjit instead.

RJIT

  • Introduced a pure-Ruby JIT compiler RJIT.
    • RJIT supports only x86_64 architecture on Unix platforms.
    • Unlike MJIT, it doesn't require a C compiler at runtime.
  • RJIT exists only for experimental purposes.
    • You should keep using YJIT in production.