Add connect_timeout

Unlike the rest of the API, connect_timeout does not correspond to a
single API call. However, it's a fundamental operation, and is a pain to
set up.

src/socket.rs

@@ -62,6 +62,30 @@ impl Socket {
         self.inner.connect(addr)
     }
 
+    /// Initiate a connection on this socket to the specified address, only
+    /// only waiting for a certain period of time for the connection to be
+    /// established.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike many other methods on `Socket`, this does *not* correspond to a
+    /// single C function. It sets the socket to nonblocking mode, connects via
+    /// connect(2), and then waits for the connection to complete with poll(2)
+    /// on Unix and select on Windows. When the connection is complete, the
+    /// socket is set back to blocking mode. On Unix, this will loop over
+    /// `EINTR` errors.
+    ///
+    /// # Warnings
+    ///
+    /// The nonblocking state of the socket is overridden by this function -
+    /// it will be returned in blocking mode on success, and in an indeterminate
+    /// state on failure.
+    ///
+    /// If the connection request times out, the it may still be processing in
+    /// the background - a second call to `connect` or `connect_timeout` may
+    /// fail.
+    pub fn connect_timeout(&self, addr: &SocketAddr, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.inner.connect_timeout(addr, timeout)
+    }
+
     /// Binds this socket to the specified address.
     ///
     /// This function directly corresponds to the bind(2) function on Windows
@@ -667,3 +691,33 @@ impl From<Protocol> for i32 {
         a.into()
     }
 }
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod test {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn connect_timeout_unrouteable() {
+        // this IP is unroutable, so connections should always time out
+        let addr: SocketAddr = "10.255.255.1:80".parse().unwrap();
+
+        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
+        match socket.connect_timeout(&addr, Duration::from_millis(250)) {
+            Ok(_) => panic!("unexpected success"),
+            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::TimedOut => {}
+            Err(e) => panic!("unexpected error {}", e),
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn connect_timeout_valid() {
+        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
+        socket.bind(&"127.0.0.1:0".parse().unwrap()).unwrap();
+        socket.listen(128).unwrap();
+
+        let addr = socket.local_addr().unwrap();
+
+        let socket = Socket::new(Domain::ipv4(), Type::stream(), None).unwrap();
+        socket.connect_timeout(&addr, Duration::from_millis(250)).unwrap();
+    }
+}

src/sys/unix/mod.rs

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ use std::net::{self, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddrV4, SocketAddrV6, SocketAddr}
 use std::ops::Neg;
 use std::os::unix::prelude::*;
 use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicBool, Ordering, ATOMIC_BOOL_INIT};
-use std::time::Duration;
+use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
 
 use libc::{self, c_void, c_int, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_storage, sockaddr_in6};
 use libc::{sockaddr, socklen_t, AF_INET, AF_INET6, ssize_t};
@@ -118,6 +118,67 @@ impl Socket {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn connect_timeout(&self, addr: &SocketAddr, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.set_nonblocking(true)?;
+        let r = self.connect(addr);
+        self.set_nonblocking(false)?;
+
+        match r {
+            Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
+            // there's no io::ErrorKind conversion registered for EINPROGRESS :(
+            Err(ref e) if e.raw_os_error() == Some(libc::EINPROGRESS) => {}
+            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+        }
+
+        let mut pollfd = libc::pollfd {
+            fd: self.fd,
+            events: libc::POLLOUT,
+            revents: 0,
+        };
+
+        if timeout.as_secs() == 0 && timeout.subsec_nanos() == 0 {
+            return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                                    "cannot set a 0 duration timeout"));
+        }
+
+        let start = Instant::now();
+
+        loop {
+            let elapsed = start.elapsed();
+            if elapsed >= timeout {
+                return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, "connection timed out"));
+            }
+
+            let timeout = timeout - elapsed;
+            let mut timeout = timeout.as_secs()
+                .saturating_mul(1_000)
+                .saturating_add(timeout.subsec_nanos() as u64 / 1_000_000);
+            if timeout == 0 {
+                timeout = 1;
+            }
+
+            let timeout = cmp::min(timeout, c_int::max_value() as u64) as c_int;
+
+            match unsafe { libc::poll(&mut pollfd, 1, timeout) } {
+                -1 => {
+                    let err = io::Error::last_os_error();
+                    if err.kind() != io::ErrorKind::Interrupted {
+                        return Err(err);
+                    }
+                }
+                0 => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, "connection timed out")),
+                _ => {
+                    if pollfd.revents & libc::POLLOUT == 0 {
+                        if let Some(e) = self.take_error()? {
+                            return Err(e);
+                        }
+                    }
+                    return Ok(());
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn local_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
         unsafe {
             let mut storage: libc::sockaddr_storage = mem::zeroed();

src/sys/windows.rs

@@ -109,6 +109,54 @@ impl Socket {
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn connect_timeout(&self, addr: &SocketAddr, timeout: Duration) -> io::Result<()> {
+        self.set_nonblocking(true)?;
+        let r = self.connect(addr);
+        self.set_nonblocking(true)?;
+
+        match r {
+            Ok(()) => return Ok(()),
+            Err(ref e) if e.kind() == io::ErrorKind::WouldBlock => {}
+            Err(e) => return Err(e),
+        }
+
+        if timeout.as_secs() == 0 && timeout.subsec_nanos() == 0 {
+            return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
+                                        "cannot set a 0 duration timeout"));
+        }
+
+        let mut timeout = timeval {
+            tv_sec: timeout.as_secs() as c_long,
+            tv_usec: (timeout.subsec_nanos() / 1000) as c_long,
+        };
+        if timeout.tv_sec == 0 && timeout.tv_usec == 0 {
+            timeout.tv_usec = 1;
+        }
+
+        let fds = unsafe {
+            let mut fds = mem::zeroed::<fd_set>();
+            fds.fd_count = 1;
+            fds.fd_array[0] = self.socket;
+            fds
+        };
+
+        let mut writefds = fds;
+        let mut errorfds = fds;
+
+        match unsafe { ws2_32::select(1, ptr::null_mut(), &mut writefds, &mut errorfds, &timeout) } {
+            SOCKET_ERROR => return Err(io::Error::last_os_error()),
+            0 => return Err(io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::TimedOut, "connection timed out")),
+            _ => {
+                if writefds.fd_count != 1 {
+                    if let Some(e) = self.take_error()? {
+                        return Err(e);
+                    }
+                }
+                Ok(())
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn local_addr(&self) -> io::Result<SocketAddr> {
         unsafe {
             let mut storage: SOCKADDR_STORAGE = mem::zeroed();