Properly deprecate template context data in Fluorine

[rallytime]

Description of Issue/Question

There were deprecation warnings in salt/utils/__init__.py to change the warnings around passing extra data as key:value pairs to raising a SaltInvocationError. When this removal was made in #35712, many test failures happened on develop in important areas (such as rest_cherrypi and wheel client tests).

In order to avoid bad regressions on the Carbon feature release, the removal was reverted in #35770 and the deprecation release version was bumped back one feature release cycle to Nitrogen in #35776.

The code needs to be audited more carefully to avoid test failures and regressions in other areas that tests might not be catching. Also see this comment and this comment for more information, as there are several fields that need to be added to the CLIENT_INTERNAL_KEYWORDS frozen set in salt/client/mixins.py.

ping @s0undt3ch

[rallytime]

Oh, also the list of tests that failed when the change was merged are the following:

unit.utils.utils_test.UtilsTestCase.test_format_call
integration.netapi.rest_cherrypy.app_test.TestArgKwarg.test_accepts_arg_kwarg_keys
integration.netapi.rest_cherrypy.app_test.TestLogin.test_good_login
integration.netapi.rest_cherrypy.app_test.TestLogin.test_logout
integration.wheel.client.WheelModuleTest.test_cmd_sync
integration.wheel.client.WheelModuleTest.test_cmd_sync_w_arg
integration.wheel.client.WheelModuleTest.test_master_call

I made a fix for the unit.utils.utils_test.UtilsTestCase.test_format_call failure in #35739, but I closed the PR since the fix is not longer needed as the change was reverted. That test fix will need to be made again once this deprecation removal has been officially made.

[garethgreenaway]

Updated tests:

unit.utils.test_args.ArgsTestCase.test_format_call
integration.netapi.rest_cherrypy.test_app.TestArgKwarg.test_accepts_arg_kwarg_keys
integration.netapi.rest_cherrypy.test_app.TestLogin.test_good_login
integration.netapi.rest_cherrypy.test_app.TestLogin.test_logout
integration.wheel.test_client.WheelModuleTest.test_cmd_sync
integration.wheel.test_client.WheelModuleTest.test_cmd_sync_w_arg
integration.wheel.test_client.WheelModuleTest.test_master_call