[client] Typings: Fix patch() signature not accepting patch instance

[rexxars]

Type of change (check at least one)

• Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)
• Documentation (fix or update to documentation)
• Maintenance
• Other, please describe:

Does this change require a documentation update? (Check one)

• Yes
• No

Current behavior

You're currently not allowed by the typescript definitions to pass a Patch instance to a Transaction, eg trx.patch(somePatchInstance)

Description

This PR declares a separate method overload for the case where you pass it a patch instance instead of a document ID + patch builder/patch operations bundle.

Checklist

• I have read the Contributing Guidelines
• The PR title includes a link to the relevant issue
• The PR title is appropriately formatted: [some-package] PR title (#123)
• The code is linted
• The test suite is passing
• Corresponding changes to the documentation have been made

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[bjoerge]

LGTM