Convert to a more heavily typed API

[sburba]

Adapters must now implement an Adapter interface, add a new "Type" abstraction that makes it easier to validate passed in types.

This is a breaking change. Several breaking changes actually.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #19 into master will not change coverage.
The diff coverage is 100%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             master    #19   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage       100%   100%           
- Complexity       72     82   +10     
=======================================
  Files             6      7    +1     
  Lines           163    185   +22     
=======================================
+ Hits            163    185   +22

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ	Complexity Δ
src/JsonContext.php	100% <ø> (ø)	6 <0> (ø)	⬇️
src/JsonFormatException.php	100% <100%> (ø)	1 <1> (-2)	⬇️
src/StrictJson.php	100% <100%> (ø)	34 <32> (-20)	⬇️
src/InvalidConfigurationException.php	100% <100%> (ø)	1 <1> (ø)	⬇️
src/StrictJsonBuilder.php	100% <100%> (ø)	5 <4> (+1)	⬆️
src/Type.php	100% <100%> (ø)	31 <31> (?)
src/ArrayAdapter.php	100% <100%> (ø)	4 <4> (ø)	⬇️

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