Contexts.scala

/* NSC -- new Scala compiler
 * Copyright 2005-2013 LAMP/EPFL
 * @author  Martin Odersky
 */

package scala.tools.nsc
package typechecker

import scala.collection.{ immutable, mutable }
import scala.annotation.tailrec
import scala.reflect.internal.util.shortClassOfInstance
import scala.tools.nsc.reporters.Reporter

/**
 *  @author  Martin Odersky
 *  @version 1.0
 */
trait Contexts { self: Analyzer =>
  import global._
  import definitions.{ JavaLangPackage, ScalaPackage, PredefModule, ScalaXmlTopScope, ScalaXmlPackage }
  import ContextMode._

  protected def onTreeCheckerError(pos: Position, msg: String): Unit = ()

  object NoContext
    extends Context(EmptyTree, NoSymbol, EmptyScope, NoCompilationUnit,
      // We can't pass the uninitialized `this`. Instead, we treat null specially in `Context#outer`
                    null) {
    enclClass  = this
    enclMethod = this

    override lazy val depth = 0
    override def nextEnclosing(p: Context => Boolean): Context = this
    override def enclosingContextChain: List[Context] = Nil
    override def implicitss: List[List[ImplicitInfo]] = Nil
    override def imports: List[ImportInfo] = Nil
    override def firstImport: Option[ImportInfo] = None
    override def toString = "NoContext"
  }
  private object RootImports {
    // Possible lists of root imports
    val javaList         = JavaLangPackage :: Nil
    val javaAndScalaList = JavaLangPackage :: ScalaPackage :: Nil
    val completeList     = JavaLangPackage :: ScalaPackage :: PredefModule :: Nil
  }

  def ambiguousImports(imp1: ImportInfo, imp2: ImportInfo) =
    LookupAmbiguous(s"it is imported twice in the same scope by\n$imp1\nand $imp2")
  def ambiguousDefnAndImport(owner: Symbol, imp: ImportInfo) =
    LookupAmbiguous(s"it is both defined in $owner and imported subsequently by \n$imp")

  private lazy val startContext = NoContext.make(
    Template(List(), noSelfType, List()) setSymbol global.NoSymbol setType global.NoType,
    rootMirror.RootClass,
    rootMirror.RootClass.info.decls
  )

  private lazy val allUsedSelectors =
    mutable.Map[ImportInfo, Set[ImportSelector]]() withDefaultValue Set()
  private lazy val allImportInfos =
    mutable.Map[CompilationUnit, List[ImportInfo]]() withDefaultValue Nil

  def warnUnusedImports(unit: CompilationUnit) = if (!unit.isJava) {
    for (imps <- allImportInfos.remove(unit)) {
      for (imp <- imps.reverse.distinct) {
        val used = allUsedSelectors(imp)
        def isMask(s: ImportSelector) = s.name != nme.WILDCARD && s.rename == nme.WILDCARD

        imp.tree.selectors filterNot (s => isMask(s) || used(s)) foreach { sel =>
          reporter.warning(imp posOf sel, "Unused import")
        }
      }
      allUsedSelectors --= imps
    }
  }

  var lastAccessCheckDetails: String = ""

  /** List of symbols to import from in a root context.  Typically that
   *  is `java.lang`, `scala`, and [[scala.Predef]], in that order.  Exceptions:
   *
   *  - if option `-Yno-imports` is given, nothing is imported
   *  - if the unit is java defined, only `java.lang` is imported
   *  - if option `-Yno-predef` is given, if the unit body has an import of Predef
   *    among its leading imports, or if the tree is [[scala.Predef]], `Predef` is not imported.
   */
  protected def rootImports(unit: CompilationUnit): List[Symbol] = {
    assert(definitions.isDefinitionsInitialized, "definitions uninitialized")

    if (settings.noimports) Nil
    else if (unit.isJava) RootImports.javaList
    else if (settings.nopredef || treeInfo.noPredefImportForUnit(unit.body)) {
      // SI-8258 Needed for the presentation compiler using -sourcepath, otherwise cycles can occur. See the commit
      //         message for this ticket for an example.
      debuglog("Omitted import of Predef._ for " + unit)
      RootImports.javaAndScalaList
    }
    else RootImports.completeList
  }


  def rootContext(unit: CompilationUnit, tree: Tree = EmptyTree, throwing: Boolean = false, checking: Boolean = false): Context = {
    val rootImportsContext = (startContext /: rootImports(unit))((c, sym) => c.make(gen.mkWildcardImport(sym)))

    // there must be a scala.xml package when xml literals were parsed in this unit
    if (unit.hasXml && ScalaXmlPackage == NoSymbol)
      reporter.error(unit.firstXmlPos, "To compile XML syntax, the scala.xml package must be on the classpath.\nPlease see https://github.com/scala/scala-xml for details.")

    // scala-xml needs `scala.xml.TopScope` to be in scope globally as `$scope`
    // We detect `scala-xml` by looking for `scala.xml.TopScope` and
    // inject the equivalent of `import scala.xml.{TopScope => $scope}`
    val contextWithXML =
      if (!unit.hasXml || ScalaXmlTopScope == NoSymbol) rootImportsContext
      else rootImportsContext.make(gen.mkImport(ScalaXmlPackage, nme.TopScope, nme.dollarScope))

    val c = contextWithXML.make(tree, unit = unit)

    c.initRootContext(throwing, checking)
    c
  }

  def rootContextPostTyper(unit: CompilationUnit, tree: Tree = EmptyTree): Context =
    rootContext(unit, tree, throwing = true)

  def resetContexts() {
    startContext.enclosingContextChain foreach { context =>
      context.tree match {
        case Import(qual, _) => qual setType singleType(qual.symbol.owner.thisType, qual.symbol)
        case _               =>
      }
      context.reporter.clearAll()
    }
  }

  /**
   * A motley collection of the state and loosely associated behaviour of the type checker.
   * Each `Typer` has an associated context, and as it descends into the tree new `(Typer, Context)`
   * pairs are spawned.
   *
   * Meet the crew; first the state:
   *
   *   - A tree, symbol, and scope representing the focus of the typechecker
   *   - An enclosing context, `outer`.
   *   - The current compilation unit.
   *   - A variety of bits that track the current error reporting policy (more on this later);
   *     whether or not implicits/macros are enabled, whether we are in a self or super call or
   *     in a constructor suffix. These are represented as bits in the mask `contextMode`.
   *   - Some odds and ends: undetermined type parameters of the current line of type inference;
   *     contextual augmentation for error messages, tracking of the nesting depth.
   *
   * And behaviour:
   *
   *   - The central point for issuing errors and warnings from the typechecker, with a means
   *     to buffer these for use in 'silent' type checking, when some recovery might be possible.
   *  -  `Context` is something of a Zipper for the tree were are typechecking: it `enclosingContextChain`
   *     is the path back to the root. This is exactly what we need to resolve names (`lookupSymbol`)
   *     and to collect in-scope implicit definitions (`implicitss`)
   *     Supporting these are `imports`, which represents all `Import` trees in in the enclosing context chain.
   *  -  In a similar vein, we can assess accessibility (`isAccessible`.)
   *
   * More on error buffering:
   *     When are type errors recoverable? In quite a few places, it turns out. Some examples:
   *     trying to type an application with/without the expected type, or with/without implicit views
   *     enabled. This is usually mediated by `Typer.silent`, `Inferencer#tryTwice`.
   *
   *     Initially, starting from the `typer` phase, the contexts either buffer or report errors;
   *     afterwards errors are thrown. This is configured in `rootContext`. Additionally, more
   *     fine grained control is needed based on the kind of error; ambiguity errors are often
   *     suppressed during exploratory typing, such as determining whether `a == b` in an argument
   *     position is an assignment or a named argument, when `Inferencer#isApplicableSafe` type checks
   *     applications with and without an expected type, or when `Typer#tryTypedApply` tries to fit arguments to
   *     a function type with/without implicit views.
   *
   *     When the error policies entail error/warning buffering, the mutable [[ReportBuffer]] records
   *     everything that is issued. It is important to note, that child Contexts created with `make`
   *     "inherit" the very same `ReportBuffer` instance, whereas children spawned through `makeSilent`
   *     receive a separate, fresh buffer.
   *
   * @param tree  Tree associated with this context
   * @param owner The current owner
   * @param scope The current scope
   * @param _outer The next outer context.
   */
  class Context private[typechecker](val tree: Tree, val owner: Symbol, val scope: Scope,
                                     val unit: CompilationUnit, _outer: Context,
                                     private[this] var _reporter: ContextReporter = new ThrowingReporter) {
    private def outerIsNoContext = _outer eq null
    final def outer: Context = if (outerIsNoContext) NoContext else _outer

    /** The next outer context whose tree is a template or package definition */
    var enclClass: Context = _

    @inline private def savingEnclClass[A](c: Context)(a: => A): A = {
      val saved = enclClass
      enclClass = c
      try a finally enclClass = saved
    }

    /** A bitmask containing all the boolean flags in a context, e.g. are implicit views enabled */
    var contextMode: ContextMode = ContextMode.DefaultMode

    /** Update all modes in `mask` to `value` */
    def update(mask: ContextMode, value: Boolean) {
      contextMode = contextMode.set(value, mask)
    }

    /** Set all modes in the mask `enable` to true, and all in `disable` to false. */
    def set(enable: ContextMode = NOmode, disable: ContextMode = NOmode): this.type = {
      contextMode = contextMode.set(true, enable).set(false, disable)
      this
    }

    /** Is this context in all modes in the given `mask`? */
    def apply(mask: ContextMode): Boolean = contextMode.inAll(mask)

    /** The next outer context whose tree is a method */
    var enclMethod: Context = _

    /** Variance relative to enclosing class */
    var variance: Variance = Variance.Invariant

    private var _undetparams: List[Symbol] = List()

    protected def outerDepth = if (outerIsNoContext) 0 else outer.depth

    lazy val depth: Int = {
      val increasesDepth = isRootImport || outerIsNoContext || (outer.scope != scope)
      ( if (increasesDepth) 1 else 0 ) + outerDepth
    }

    /** The currently visible imports, from innermost to outermost. */
    def imports: List[ImportInfo] = outer.imports
    /** Equivalent to `imports.headOption`, but more efficient */
    def firstImport: Option[ImportInfo] = outer.firstImport

    /** A root import is never unused and always bumps context depth. (scala/Predef/java.lang and magic REPL imports) */
    def isRootImport: Boolean = false

    /** Types for which implicit arguments are currently searched */
    var openImplicits: List[OpenImplicit] = List()

    /* For a named application block (`Tree`) the corresponding `NamedApplyInfo`. */
    var namedApplyBlockInfo: Option[(Tree, NamedApplyInfo)] = None
    var prefix: Type = NoPrefix

    def inSuperInit_=(value: Boolean)         = this(SuperInit) = value
    def inSuperInit                           = this(SuperInit)
    def inConstructorSuffix_=(value: Boolean) = this(ConstructorSuffix) = value
    def inConstructorSuffix                   = this(ConstructorSuffix)
    def inPatAlternative_=(value: Boolean)    = this(PatternAlternative) = value
    def inPatAlternative                      = this(PatternAlternative)
    def starPatterns_=(value: Boolean)        = this(StarPatterns) = value
    def starPatterns                          = this(StarPatterns)
    def returnsSeen_=(value: Boolean)         = this(ReturnsSeen) = value
    def returnsSeen                           = this(ReturnsSeen)
    def inSelfSuperCall_=(value: Boolean)     = this(SelfSuperCall) = value
    def inSelfSuperCall                       = this(SelfSuperCall)
    def implicitsEnabled_=(value: Boolean)    = this(ImplicitsEnabled) = value
    def implicitsEnabled                      = this(ImplicitsEnabled)
    def macrosEnabled_=(value: Boolean)       = this(MacrosEnabled) = value
    def macrosEnabled                         = this(MacrosEnabled)
    def enrichmentEnabled_=(value: Boolean)   = this(EnrichmentEnabled) = value
    def enrichmentEnabled                     = this(EnrichmentEnabled)
    def retyping_=(value: Boolean)            = this(ReTyping) = value
    def retyping                              = this(ReTyping)
    def inSecondTry                           = this(SecondTry)
    def inSecondTry_=(value: Boolean)         = this(SecondTry) = value
    def inReturnExpr                          = this(ReturnExpr)
    def inTypeConstructorAllowed              = this(TypeConstructorAllowed)

    def defaultModeForTyped: Mode = if (inTypeConstructorAllowed) Mode.NOmode else Mode.EXPRmode

    /** To enrich error messages involving default arguments.
        When extending the notion, group diagnostics in an object. */
    var diagUsedDefaults: Boolean = false

    /** Saved type bounds for type parameters which are narrowed in a GADT. */
    var savedTypeBounds: List[(Symbol, Type)] = List()

    /** The next enclosing context (potentially `this`) that is owned by a class or method */
    def enclClassOrMethod: Context =
      if (!owner.exists || owner.isClass || owner.isMethod) this
      else outer.enclClassOrMethod

    /** The next enclosing context (potentially `this`) that has a `CaseDef` as a tree */
    def enclosingCaseDef = nextEnclosing(_.tree.isInstanceOf[CaseDef])

    /** ...or an Apply. */
    def enclosingApply = nextEnclosing(_.tree.isInstanceOf[Apply])

    def siteString = {
      def what_s  = if (owner.isConstructor) "" else owner.kindString
      def where_s = if (owner.isClass) "" else "in " + enclClass.owner.decodedName
      List(what_s, owner.decodedName, where_s) filterNot (_ == "") mkString " "
    }
    //
    // Tracking undetermined type parameters for type argument inference.
    //
    def undetparamsString =
      if (undetparams.isEmpty) ""
      else undetparams.mkString("undetparams=", ", ", "")
    /** Undetermined type parameters. See `Infer#{inferExprInstance, adjustTypeArgs}`. Not inherited to child contexts */
    def undetparams: List[Symbol] = _undetparams
    def undetparams_=(ps: List[Symbol]) = { _undetparams = ps }

    /** Return and clear the undetermined type parameters */
    def extractUndetparams(): List[Symbol] = {
      val tparams = undetparams
      undetparams = List()
      tparams
    }

    /** Run `body` with this context with no undetermined type parameters, restore the original
     *  the original list afterwards.
     *  @param reportAmbiguous Should ambiguous errors be reported during evaluation of `body`?
     */
    def savingUndeterminedTypeParams[A](reportAmbiguous: Boolean = ambiguousErrors)(body: => A): A = {
      withMode() {
        setAmbiguousErrors(reportAmbiguous)
        val saved = extractUndetparams()
        try body
        finally undetparams = saved
      }
    }

    //
    // Error reporting policies and buffer.
    //

    // the reporter for this context
    def reporter: ContextReporter = _reporter

    // if set, errors will not be reporter/thrown
    def bufferErrors = reporter.isBuffering
    def reportErrors = !(bufferErrors || reporter.isThrowing)

    // whether to *report* (which is separate from buffering/throwing) ambiguity errors
    def ambiguousErrors = this(AmbiguousErrors)

    private def setAmbiguousErrors(report: Boolean): Unit = this(AmbiguousErrors) = report

    /**
     * Try inference twice: once without views and once with views,
     *  unless views are already disabled.
     */
    abstract class TryTwice {
      def tryOnce(isLastTry: Boolean): Unit

      final def apply(): Unit = {
        val doLastTry =
          // do first try if implicits are enabled
          if (implicitsEnabled) {
            // We create a new BufferingReporter to
            // distinguish errors that occurred before entering tryTwice
            // and our first attempt in 'withImplicitsDisabled'. If the
            // first attempt fails, we try with implicits on
            // and the original reporter.
            // immediate reporting of ambiguous errors is suppressed, so that they are buffered
            inSilentMode {
              try {
                set(disable = ImplicitsEnabled | EnrichmentEnabled) // restored by inSilentMode
                tryOnce(false)
                reporter.hasErrors
              } catch {
                case ex: CyclicReference => throw ex
                case ex: TypeError => true // recoverable cyclic references?
              }
            }
          } else true

        // do last try if try with implicits enabled failed
        // (or if it was not attempted because they were disabled)
        if (doLastTry)
          tryOnce(true)
      }
    }

    //
    // Temporary mode adjustment
    //

    @inline final def withMode[T](enabled: ContextMode = NOmode, disabled: ContextMode = NOmode)(op: => T): T = {
      val saved = contextMode
      set(enabled, disabled)
      try op
      finally contextMode = saved
    }

    @inline final def withImplicitsEnabled[T](op: => T): T                 = withMode(enabled = ImplicitsEnabled)(op)
    @inline final def withImplicitsDisabled[T](op: => T): T                = withMode(disabled = ImplicitsEnabled | EnrichmentEnabled)(op)
    @inline final def withImplicitsDisabledAllowEnrichment[T](op: => T): T = withMode(enabled = EnrichmentEnabled, disabled = ImplicitsEnabled)(op)
    @inline final def withImplicits[T](enabled: Boolean)(op: => T): T      = if (enabled) withImplicitsEnabled(op) else withImplicitsDisabled(op)
    @inline final def withMacrosEnabled[T](op: => T): T                    = withMode(enabled = MacrosEnabled)(op)
    @inline final def withMacrosDisabled[T](op: => T): T                   = withMode(disabled = MacrosEnabled)(op)
    @inline final def withMacros[T](enabled: Boolean)(op: => T): T         = if (enabled) withMacrosEnabled(op) else withMacrosDisabled(op)
    @inline final def withinStarPatterns[T](op: => T): T                   = withMode(enabled = StarPatterns)(op)
    @inline final def withinSuperInit[T](op: => T): T                      = withMode(enabled = SuperInit)(op)
    @inline final def withinSecondTry[T](op: => T): T                      = withMode(enabled = SecondTry)(op)
    @inline final def withinPatAlternative[T](op: => T): T                 = withMode(enabled = PatternAlternative)(op)

    /** TypeConstructorAllowed is enabled when we are typing a higher-kinded type.
     *  adapt should then check kind-arity based on the prototypical type's kind
     *  arity. Type arguments should not be inferred.
     */
    @inline final def withinTypeConstructorAllowed[T](op: => T): T = withMode(enabled = TypeConstructorAllowed)(op)

    /* TODO - consolidate returnsSeen (which seems only to be used by checkDead)
     * and ReturnExpr.
     */
    @inline final def withinReturnExpr[T](op: => T): T = {
      enclMethod.returnsSeen = true
      withMode(enabled = ReturnExpr)(op)
    }

    // See comment on FormerNonStickyModes.
    @inline final def withOnlyStickyModes[T](op: => T): T = withMode(disabled = FormerNonStickyModes)(op)

    // inliner note: this has to be a simple method for inlining to work -- moved the `&& !reporter.hasErrors` out
    @inline final def inSilentMode(expr: => Boolean): Boolean = {
      val savedContextMode = contextMode
      val savedReporter    = reporter

      setAmbiguousErrors(false)
      _reporter = new BufferingReporter

      try expr
      finally {
        contextMode = savedContextMode
        _reporter   = savedReporter
      }
    }

    //
    // Child Context Creation
    //

    /**
     * Construct a child context. The parent and child will share the report buffer.
     * Compare with `makeSilent`, in which the child has a fresh report buffer.
     *
     * If `tree` is an `Import`, that import will be available at the head of
     * `Context#imports`.
     */
    def make(tree: Tree = tree, owner: Symbol = owner,
             scope: Scope = scope, unit: CompilationUnit = unit,
             reporter: ContextReporter = this.reporter): Context = {
      val isTemplateOrPackage = tree match {
        case _: Template | _: PackageDef => true
        case _                           => false
      }
      val isDefDef = tree match {
        case _: DefDef => true
        case _         => false
      }
      val isImport = tree match {
        // The guard is for SI-8403. It prevents adding imports again in the context created by
        // `Namer#createInnerNamer`
        case _: Import if tree != this.tree => true
        case _                              => false
      }
      val sameOwner = owner == this.owner
      val prefixInChild =
        if (isTemplateOrPackage) owner.thisType
        else if (!sameOwner && owner.isTerm) NoPrefix
        else prefix

      // The blank canvas
      val c =
        if (isImport)
          new Context(tree, owner, scope, unit, this, reporter) with ImportContext
        else
          new Context(tree, owner, scope, unit, this, reporter)

      // Fields that are directly propagated
      c.variance           = variance
      c.diagUsedDefaults   = diagUsedDefaults
      c.openImplicits      = openImplicits
      c.contextMode        = contextMode // note: ConstructorSuffix, a bit within `mode`, is conditionally overwritten below.

      // Fields that may take on a different value in the child
      c.prefix             = prefixInChild
      c.enclClass          = if (isTemplateOrPackage) c else enclClass
      c(ConstructorSuffix) = !isTemplateOrPackage && c(ConstructorSuffix)

      // SI-8245 `isLazy` need to skip lazy getters to ensure `return` binds to the right place
      c.enclMethod         = if (isDefDef && !owner.isLazy) c else enclMethod

      if (tree != outer.tree)
        c(TypeConstructorAllowed) = false

      registerContext(c.asInstanceOf[analyzer.Context])
      debuglog("[context] ++ " + c.unit + " / " + tree.summaryString)
      c
    }

    /** Use reporter (possibly buffered) for errors/warnings and enable implicit conversion **/
    def initRootContext(throwing: Boolean = false, checking: Boolean = false): Unit = {
      _reporter =
        if (checking) new CheckingReporter
        else if (throwing) new ThrowingReporter
        else new ImmediateReporter

      setAmbiguousErrors(!throwing)
      this(EnrichmentEnabled | ImplicitsEnabled) = !throwing
    }

    def make(tree: Tree, owner: Symbol, scope: Scope): Context =
      // TODO SI-7345 Moving this optimization into the main overload of `make` causes all tests to fail.
      //              even if it is extended to check that `unit == this.unit`. Why is this?
      if (tree == this.tree && owner == this.owner && scope == this.scope) this
      else make(tree, owner, scope, unit)

    /** Make a child context that represents a new nested scope */
    def makeNewScope(tree: Tree, owner: Symbol, reporter: ContextReporter = this.reporter): Context =
      make(tree, owner, newNestedScope(scope), reporter = reporter)

    /** Make a child context that buffers errors and warnings into a fresh report buffer. */
    def makeSilent(reportAmbiguousErrors: Boolean = ambiguousErrors, newtree: Tree = tree): Context = {
      // A fresh buffer so as not to leak errors/warnings into `this`.
      val c = make(newtree, reporter = new BufferingReporter)
      c.setAmbiguousErrors(reportAmbiguousErrors)
      c
    }

    def makeNonSilent(newtree: Tree): Context = {
      val c = make(newtree, reporter = reporter.makeImmediate)
      c.setAmbiguousErrors(true)
      c
    }

    /** Make a silent child context does not allow implicits. Used to prevent chaining of implicit views. */
    def makeImplicit(reportAmbiguousErrors: Boolean) = {
      val c = makeSilent(reportAmbiguousErrors)
      c(ImplicitsEnabled | EnrichmentEnabled) = false
      c
    }

    /**
     * A context for typing constructor parameter ValDefs, super or self invocation arguments and default getters
     * of constructors. These expressions need to be type checked in a scope outside the class, cf. spec 5.3.1.
     *
     * This method is called by namer / typer where `this` is the context for the constructor DefDef. The
     * owner of the resulting (new) context is the outer context for the Template, i.e. the context for the
     * ClassDef. This means that class type parameters will be in scope. The value parameters of the current
     * constructor are also entered into the new constructor scope. Members of the class however will not be
     * accessible.
     */
    def makeConstructorContext = {
      val baseContext = enclClass.outer.nextEnclosing(!_.tree.isInstanceOf[Template])
      // must propagate reporter!
      // (caught by neg/t3649 when refactoring reporting to be specified only by this.reporter and not also by this.contextMode)
      val argContext = baseContext.makeNewScope(tree, owner, reporter = this.reporter)
      argContext.contextMode = contextMode
      argContext.inSelfSuperCall = true
      def enterElems(c: Context) {
        def enterLocalElems(e: ScopeEntry) {
          if (e != null && e.owner == c.scope) {
            enterLocalElems(e.next)
            argContext.scope enter e.sym
          }
        }
        if (c.owner.isTerm && !c.owner.isLocalDummy) {
          enterElems(c.outer)
          enterLocalElems(c.scope.elems)
        }
      }
      // Enter the scope elements of this (the scope for the constructor DefDef) into the new constructor scope.
      // Concretely, this will enter the value parameters of constructor.
      enterElems(this)
      argContext
    }

    //
    // Error and warning issuance
    //

    /** Issue/buffer/throw the given type error according to the current mode for error reporting. */
    private[typechecker] def issue(err: AbsTypeError)                        = reporter.issue(err)(this)
    /** Issue/buffer/throw the given implicit ambiguity error according to the current mode for error reporting. */
    private[typechecker] def issueAmbiguousError(err: AbsAmbiguousTypeError) = reporter.issueAmbiguousError(err)(this)
    /** Issue/throw the given error message according to the current mode for error reporting. */
    def error(pos: Position, msg: String)                                    = reporter.error(fixPosition(pos), msg)
    /** Issue/throw the given error message according to the current mode for error reporting. */
    def warning(pos: Position, msg: String)                                  = reporter.warning(fixPosition(pos), msg)
    def echo(pos: Position, msg: String)                                     = reporter.echo(fixPosition(pos), msg)
    def fixPosition(pos: Position): Position = pos match {
      case NoPosition => nextEnclosing(_.tree.pos != NoPosition).tree.pos
      case _ => pos
    }


    def deprecationWarning(pos: Position, sym: Symbol, msg: String, since: String): Unit =
      currentRun.reporting.deprecationWarning(fixPosition(pos), sym, msg, since)
    def deprecationWarning(pos: Position, sym: Symbol): Unit =
      currentRun.reporting.deprecationWarning(fixPosition(pos), sym) // TODO: allow this to escalate to an error, and implicit search will ignore deprecated implicits

    def featureWarning(pos: Position, featureName: String, featureDesc: String, featureTrait: Symbol, construct: => String = "", required: Boolean): Unit =
      currentRun.reporting.featureWarning(fixPosition(pos), featureName, featureDesc, featureTrait, construct, required)


    // nextOuter determines which context is searched next for implicits
    // (after `this`, which contributes `newImplicits` below.) In
    // most cases, it is simply the outer context: if we're owned by
    // a constructor, the actual current context and the conceptual
    // context are different when it comes to scoping. The current
    // conceptual scope is the context enclosing the blocks which
    // represent the constructor body (TODO: why is there more than one
    // such block in the outer chain?)
    private def nextOuter = {
      // Drop the constructor body blocks, which come in varying numbers.
      // -- If the first statement is in the constructor, scopingCtx == (constructor definition)
      // -- Otherwise, scopingCtx == (the class which contains the constructor)
      val scopingCtx =
        if (owner.isConstructor) nextEnclosing(c => !c.tree.isInstanceOf[Block])
        else this

      scopingCtx.outer
    }

    def nextEnclosing(p: Context => Boolean): Context =
      if (p(this)) this else outer.nextEnclosing(p)

    def enclosingContextChain: List[Context] = this :: outer.enclosingContextChain

    private def treeTruncated       = tree.toString.replaceAll("\\s+", " ").lines.mkString("\\n").take(70)
    private def treeIdString        = if (settings.uniqid.value) "#" + System.identityHashCode(tree).toString.takeRight(3) else ""
    private def treeString          = tree match {
      case x: Import => "" + x
      case Template(parents, `noSelfType`, body) =>
        val pstr = if ((parents eq null) || parents.isEmpty) "Nil" else parents mkString " "
        val bstr = if (body eq null) "" else body.length + " stats"
        s"""Template($pstr, _, $bstr)"""
      case x => s"${tree.shortClass}${treeIdString}:${treeTruncated}"
    }

    override def toString =
      sm"""|Context($unit) {
           |   owner       = $owner
           |   tree        = $treeString
           |   scope       = ${scope.size} decls
           |   contextMode = $contextMode
           |   outer.owner = ${outer.owner}
           |}"""

    //
    // Accessibility checking
    //

    /** Is `sub` a subclass of `base` or a companion object of such a subclass? */
    private def isSubClassOrCompanion(sub: Symbol, base: Symbol) =
      sub.isNonBottomSubClass(base) ||
    sub.isModuleClass && sub.linkedClassOfClass.isNonBottomSubClass(base)

    /** Return the closest enclosing context that defines a subclass of `clazz`
     *  or a companion object thereof, or `NoContext` if no such context exists.
     */
    def enclosingSubClassContext(clazz: Symbol): Context = {
      var c = this.enclClass
      while (c != NoContext && !isSubClassOrCompanion(c.owner, clazz))
        c = c.outer.enclClass
      c
    }

    def enclosingNonImportContext: Context = {
      var c = this
      while (c != NoContext && c.tree.isInstanceOf[Import])
        c = c.outer
      c
    }

    /** Is `sym` accessible as a member of `pre` in current context? */
    def isAccessible(sym: Symbol, pre: Type, superAccess: Boolean = false): Boolean = {
      lastAccessCheckDetails = ""
      // Console.println("isAccessible(%s, %s, %s)".format(sym, pre, superAccess))

      // don't have access if there is no linked class (so exclude linkedClass=NoSymbol)
      def accessWithinLinked(ab: Symbol) = {
        val linked = linkedClassOfClassOf(ab, this)
        linked.fold(false)(accessWithin)
      }

      /* Are we inside definition of `ab`? */
      def accessWithin(ab: Symbol) = {
        // #3663: we must disregard package nesting if sym isJavaDefined
        if (sym.isJavaDefined) {
          // is `o` or one of its transitive owners equal to `ab`?
          // stops at first package, since further owners can only be surrounding packages
          @tailrec def abEnclosesStopAtPkg(o: Symbol): Boolean =
            (o eq ab) || (!o.isPackageClass && (o ne NoSymbol) && abEnclosesStopAtPkg(o.owner))
          abEnclosesStopAtPkg(owner)
        } else (owner hasTransOwner ab)
      }

      def isSubThisType(pre: Type, clazz: Symbol): Boolean = pre match {
        case ThisType(pclazz) => pclazz isNonBottomSubClass clazz
        case _ => false
      }

      /* Is protected access to target symbol permitted */
      def isProtectedAccessOK(target: Symbol) = {
        val c = enclosingSubClassContext(sym.owner)
        if (c == NoContext)
          lastAccessCheckDetails =
            "\n Access to protected "+target+" not permitted because"+
            "\n "+"enclosing "+this.enclClass.owner+
            this.enclClass.owner.locationString+" is not a subclass of "+
            "\n "+sym.owner+sym.owner.locationString+" where target is defined"
        c != NoContext &&
        {
          target.isType || { // allow accesses to types from arbitrary subclasses fixes #4737
            val res =
              isSubClassOrCompanion(pre.widen.typeSymbol, c.owner) ||
              c.owner.isModuleClass &&
              isSubClassOrCompanion(pre.widen.typeSymbol, c.owner.linkedClassOfClass)
            if (!res)
              lastAccessCheckDetails =
                "\n Access to protected "+target+" not permitted because"+
                "\n prefix type "+pre.widen+" does not conform to"+
                "\n "+c.owner+c.owner.locationString+" where the access take place"
              res
          }
        }
      }

      (pre == NoPrefix) || {
        val ab = sym.accessBoundary(sym.owner)

        (  (ab.isTerm || ab == rootMirror.RootClass)
        || (accessWithin(ab) || accessWithinLinked(ab)) &&
             (  !sym.isLocalToThis
             || sym.isProtected && isSubThisType(pre, sym.owner)
             || pre =:= sym.owner.thisType
             )
        || sym.isProtected &&
             (  superAccess
             || pre.isInstanceOf[ThisType]
             || phase.erasedTypes
             || (sym.overrideChain exists isProtectedAccessOK)
                // that last condition makes protected access via self types work.
             )
        )
        // note: phase.erasedTypes disables last test, because after addinterfaces
        // implementation classes are not in the superclass chain. If we enable the
        // test, bug780 fails.
      }
    }

    //
    // Type bound management
    //

    def pushTypeBounds(sym: Symbol) {
      sym.info match {
        case tb: TypeBounds => if (!tb.isEmptyBounds) log(s"Saving $sym info=$tb")
        case info           => devWarning(s"Something other than a TypeBounds seen in pushTypeBounds: $info is a ${shortClassOfInstance(info)}")
      }
      savedTypeBounds ::= ((sym, sym.info))
    }

    def restoreTypeBounds(tp: Type): Type = {
      def restore(): Type = savedTypeBounds.foldLeft(tp) { case (current, (sym, savedInfo)) =>
        def bounds_s(tb: TypeBounds) = if (tb.isEmptyBounds) "<empty bounds>" else s"TypeBounds(lo=${tb.lo}, hi=${tb.hi})"
        //@M TODO: when higher-kinded types are inferred, probably need a case PolyType(_, TypeBounds(...)) if ... =>
        val TypeBounds(lo, hi) = sym.info.bounds
        val isUnique           = lo <:< hi && hi <:< lo
        val isPresent          = current contains sym
        def saved_s            = bounds_s(savedInfo.bounds)
        def current_s          = bounds_s(sym.info.bounds)

        if (isUnique && isPresent)
          devWarningResult(s"Preserving inference: ${sym.nameString}=$hi in $current (based on $current_s) before restoring $sym to saved $saved_s")(
            current.instantiateTypeParams(List(sym), List(hi))
          )
        else if (isPresent)
          devWarningResult(s"Discarding inferred $current_s because it does not uniquely determine $sym in")(current)
        else
          logResult(s"Discarding inferred $current_s because $sym does not appear in")(current)
      }
      try restore()
      finally {
        for ((sym, savedInfo) <- savedTypeBounds)
          sym setInfo debuglogResult(s"Discarding inferred $sym=${sym.info}, restoring saved info")(savedInfo)

        savedTypeBounds = Nil
      }
    }

    //
    // Implicit collection
    //

    private var implicitsCache: List[ImplicitInfo] = null
    private var implicitsRunId = NoRunId

    def resetCache() {
      implicitsRunId = NoRunId
      implicitsCache = null
      if (outer != null && outer != this) outer.resetCache()
    }

    /** A symbol `sym` qualifies as an implicit if it has the IMPLICIT flag set,
     *  it is accessible, and if it is imported there is not already a local symbol
     *  with the same names. Local symbols override imported ones. This fixes #2866.
     */
    private def isQualifyingImplicit(name: Name, sym: Symbol, pre: Type, imported: Boolean) =
      sym.isImplicit &&
      isAccessible(sym, pre) &&
      !(imported && {
        val e = scope.lookupEntry(name)
        (e ne null) && (e.owner == scope) && (!settings.isScala212 || e.sym.exists)
      })

    /** Do something with the symbols with name `name` imported via the import in `imp`,
     *  if any such symbol is accessible from this context and is a qualifying implicit.
     */
    private def withQualifyingImplicitAlternatives(imp: ImportInfo, name: Name, pre: Type)(f: Symbol => Unit) = for {
      sym <- importedAccessibleSymbol(imp, name, requireExplicit = false, record = false).alternatives
      if isQualifyingImplicit(name, sym, pre, imported = true)
    } f(sym)

    private def collectImplicits(syms: Scope, pre: Type, imported: Boolean = false): List[ImplicitInfo] =
      for (sym <- syms.toList if isQualifyingImplicit(sym.name, sym, pre, imported)) yield
        new ImplicitInfo(sym.name, pre, sym)

    private def collectImplicitImports(imp: ImportInfo): List[ImplicitInfo] = {
      val qual = imp.qual

      val qualSym = qual.tpe.typeSymbol
      val pre = qual.tpe
      def collect(sels: List[ImportSelector]): List[ImplicitInfo] = sels match {
        case List() =>
          List()
        case List(ImportSelector(nme.WILDCARD, _, _, _)) =>
          // Using pre.implicitMembers seems to exposes a problem with out-dated symbols in the IDE,
          // see the example in https://www.assembla.com/spaces/scala-ide/tickets/1002552#/activity/ticket
          // I haven't been able to boil that down the an automated test yet.
          // Looking up implicit members in the package, rather than package object, here is at least
          // consistent with what is done just below for named imports.
          collectImplicits(qual.tpe.implicitMembers, pre, imported = true)
        case ImportSelector(from, _, to, _) :: sels1 =>
          var impls = collect(sels1) filter (info => info.name != from)
          if (to != nme.WILDCARD) {
            withQualifyingImplicitAlternatives(imp, to, pre) { sym =>
              impls = new ImplicitInfo(to, pre, sym) :: impls
            }
          }
          impls
      }
      //debuglog("collect implicit imports " + imp + "=" + collect(imp.tree.selectors))//DEBUG
      collect(imp.tree.selectors)
    }

    /* SI-5892 / SI-4270: `implicitss` can return results which are not accessible at the
     * point where implicit search is triggered. Example: implicits in (annotations of)
     * class type parameters (SI-5892). The `context.owner` is the class symbol, therefore
     * `implicitss` will return implicit conversions defined inside the class. These are
     * filtered out later by `eligibleInfos` (SI-4270 / 9129cfe9), as they don't type-check.
     */
    def implicitss: List[List[ImplicitInfo]] = {
      val nextOuter = this.nextOuter
      def withOuter(is: List[ImplicitInfo]): List[List[ImplicitInfo]] =
        is match {
          case Nil => nextOuter.implicitss
          case _   => is :: nextOuter.implicitss
        }

      val CycleMarker = NoRunId - 1
      if (implicitsRunId == CycleMarker) {
        debuglog(s"cycle while collecting implicits at owner ${owner}, probably due to an implicit without an explicit return type. Continuing with implicits from enclosing contexts.")
        withOuter(Nil)
      } else if (implicitsRunId != currentRunId) {
        implicitsRunId = CycleMarker
        implicits(nextOuter) match {
          case None =>
            implicitsRunId = NoRunId
            withOuter(Nil)
          case Some(is) =>
            implicitsRunId = currentRunId
            implicitsCache = is
            withOuter(is)
        }
      }
      else withOuter(implicitsCache)
    }

    /** @return None if a cycle is detected, or Some(infos) containing the in-scope implicits at this context */
    private def implicits(nextOuter: Context): Option[List[ImplicitInfo]] = {
      val imports = this.imports
      if (owner != nextOuter.owner && owner.isClass && !owner.isPackageClass && !inSelfSuperCall) {
        if (!owner.isInitialized) None
        else savingEnclClass(this) {
          // !!! In the body of `class C(implicit a: A) { }`, `implicitss` returns `List(List(a), List(a), List(<predef..)))`
          //     it handled correctly by implicit search, which considers the second `a` to be shadowed, but should be
          //     remedied nonetheless.
          Some(collectImplicits(owner.thisType.implicitMembers, owner.thisType))
        }
      } else if (scope != nextOuter.scope && !owner.isPackageClass) {
        debuglog("collect local implicits " + scope.toList)//DEBUG
        Some(collectImplicits(scope, NoPrefix))
      } else if (firstImport != nextOuter.firstImport) {
        assert(imports.tail.headOption == nextOuter.firstImport, (imports, nextOuter.imports))
        Some(collectImplicitImports(imports.head))
      } else if (owner.isPackageClass) {
        // the corresponding package object may contain implicit members.
        val pre = owner.packageObject.typeOfThis
        Some(collectImplicits(pre.implicitMembers, pre))
      } else Some(Nil)
    }

    //
    // Imports and symbol lookup
    //

    /** It's possible that seemingly conflicting identifiers are
     *  identifiably the same after type normalization.  In such cases,
     *  allow compilation to proceed.  A typical example is:
     *    package object foo { type InputStream = java.io.InputStream }
     *    import foo._, java.io._
     */
    private def resolveAmbiguousImport(name: Name, imp1: ImportInfo, imp2: ImportInfo): Option[ImportInfo] = {
      val imp1Explicit = imp1 isExplicitImport name
      val imp2Explicit = imp2 isExplicitImport name
      val ambiguous    = if (imp1.depth == imp2.depth) imp1Explicit == imp2Explicit else !imp1Explicit && imp2Explicit
      val imp1Symbol   = (imp1 importedSymbol name).initialize filter (s => isAccessible(s, imp1.qual.tpe, superAccess = false))
      val imp2Symbol   = (imp2 importedSymbol name).initialize filter (s => isAccessible(s, imp2.qual.tpe, superAccess = false))

      // The types of the qualifiers from which the ambiguous imports come.
      // If the ambiguous name is a value, these must be the same.
      def t1 = imp1.qual.tpe
      def t2 = imp2.qual.tpe
      // The types of the ambiguous symbols, seen as members of their qualifiers.
      // If the ambiguous name is a monomorphic type, we can relax this far.
      def mt1 = t1 memberType imp1Symbol
      def mt2 = t2 memberType imp2Symbol

      def characterize = List(
        s"types:  $t1 =:= $t2  ${t1 =:= t2}  members: ${mt1 =:= mt2}",
        s"member type 1: $mt1",
        s"member type 2: $mt2"
      ).mkString("\n  ")

      if (!ambiguous || !imp2Symbol.exists) Some(imp1)
      else if (!imp1Symbol.exists) Some(imp2)
      else (
        // The symbol names are checked rather than the symbols themselves because
        // each time an overloaded member is looked up it receives a new symbol.
        // So foo.member("x") != foo.member("x") if x is overloaded.  This seems
        // likely to be the cause of other bugs too...
        if (t1 =:= t2 && imp1Symbol.name == imp2Symbol.name) {
          log(s"Suppressing ambiguous import: $t1 =:= $t2 && $imp1Symbol == $imp2Symbol")
          Some(imp1)
        }
        // Monomorphism restriction on types is in part because type aliases could have the
        // same target type but attach different variance to the parameters. Maybe it can be
        // relaxed, but doesn't seem worth it at present.
        else if (mt1 =:= mt2 && name.isTypeName && imp1Symbol.isMonomorphicType && imp2Symbol.isMonomorphicType) {
          log(s"Suppressing ambiguous import: $mt1 =:= $mt2 && $imp1Symbol and $imp2Symbol are equivalent")
          Some(imp1)
        }
        else {
          log(s"Import is genuinely ambiguous:\n  " + characterize)
          None
        }
      )
    }

    /** The symbol with name `name` imported via the import in `imp`,
     *  if any such symbol is accessible from this context.
     */
    private def importedAccessibleSymbol(imp: ImportInfo, name: Name, requireExplicit: Boolean, record: Boolean): Symbol =
      imp.importedSymbol(name, requireExplicit, record) filter (s => isAccessible(s, imp.qual.tpe, superAccess = false))

    private def requiresQualifier(s: Symbol): Boolean = (
         s.owner.isClass
      && !s.owner.isPackageClass
      && !s.isTypeParameterOrSkolem
      && !s.isExistentiallyBound
    )

    /** Must `sym` defined in package object of package `pkg`, if
     *  it selected from a prefix with `pkg` as its type symbol?
     */
    def isInPackageObject(sym: Symbol, pkg: Symbol): Boolean = {
      if (sym.isOverloaded) sym.alternatives.exists(alt => isInPackageObject(alt, pkg))
      else pkg.hasPackageFlag && sym.owner != pkg && requiresQualifier(sym)
    }

    def isNameInScope(name: Name) = lookupSymbol(name, _ => true).isSuccess

    /** Find the symbol of a simple name starting from this context.
     *  All names are filtered through the "qualifies" predicate;
     *  the search continuing as long as no qualifying name is found.
     */
    def lookupSymbol(name: Name, qualifies: Symbol => Boolean): NameLookup = {
      var lookupError: NameLookup  = null       // set to non-null if a definite error is encountered
      var inaccessible: NameLookup = null       // records inaccessible symbol for error reporting in case none is found
      var defSym: Symbol           = NoSymbol   // the directly found symbol
      var pre: Type                = NoPrefix   // the prefix type of defSym, if a class member
      var cx: Context              = this       // the context under consideration
      var symbolDepth: Int         = -1         // the depth of the directly found symbol

      def finish(qual: Tree, sym: Symbol): NameLookup = sym match {
        case _ if lookupError ne null         => lookupError
        case NoSymbol if inaccessible ne null => inaccessible
        case NoSymbol                         => LookupNotFound
        case _                                => LookupSucceeded(qual, sym)
      }
      def finishDefSym(sym: Symbol, pre0: Type): NameLookup = {
        val t = if (requiresQualifier(sym)) gen.mkAttributedQualifier(pre0) else EmptyTree
        finish(t, sym)
      }
      def isPackageOwnedInDifferentUnit(s: Symbol) = (
        s.isDefinedInPackage && (
             !currentRun.compiles(s)
          || unit.exists && s.sourceFile != unit.source.file
        )
      )
      def lookupInPrefix(name: Name)    = {
        val sym = pre.member(name).filter(qualifies)
        def isNonPackageNoModuleClass(sym: Symbol) =
          sym.isClass && !sym.isModuleClass && !sym.isPackageClass
        if (!sym.exists && unit.isJava && isNonPackageNoModuleClass(pre.typeSymbol)) {
          // TODO factor out duplication with Typer::inCompanionForJavaStatic
          val pre1 = companionSymbolOf(pre.typeSymbol, this).typeOfThis
          pre1.member(name).filter(qualifies).andAlso(_ => pre = pre1)
        } else sym
      }
      def accessibleInPrefix(s: Symbol) = isAccessible(s, pre, superAccess = false)

      def lookupInScope(scope: Scope) =
        (scope lookupUnshadowedEntries name filter (e => qualifies(e.sym))).toList

      def newOverloaded(owner: Symbol, pre: Type, entries: List[ScopeEntry]) =
        logResult(s"overloaded symbol in $pre")(owner.newOverloaded(pre, entries map (_.sym)))

      // Constructor lookup should only look in the decls of the enclosing class
      // not in the self-type, nor in the enclosing context, nor in imports (SI-4460, SI-6745)
      def lookupCtor: NameLookup = {
        val enclClassSym = cx.enclClass.owner
        val scope = cx.enclClass.prefix.baseType(enclClassSym).decls
        val constructorSym = lookupInScope(scope) match {
          case Nil       => NoSymbol
          case hd :: Nil => hd.sym
          case entries   => newOverloaded(enclClassSym, cx.enclClass.prefix, entries)
        }
        finishDefSym(constructorSym, cx.enclClass.prefix)
      }

      // Handle name binding precedence. Get the name from enclosing scopes, then get
      // the name as imported; then choose the higher precedence binding.
      // The rule is actually: bindings have a given precedence (1-4). In a given scope,
      // higher precedence wins and equal precedence is ambiguous. Otherwise, inner scoped
      // name hides if equal or higher precedence. The precedence levels are:
      // 1) defined here 2) specific import 3) wildcard import 4) defined elsewhere (package-defined in other unit)
      def doLookup: NameLookup = {
        def searchPrefix: Symbol = {
          cx = cx.enclClass
          val found0 = lookupInPrefix(name)
          val found1 = found0 filter accessibleInPrefix
          if (found0.exists && !found1.exists && inaccessible == null)
            inaccessible = LookupInaccessible(found0, analyzer.lastAccessCheckDetails)

          found1
        }
        // we have a winner: record the symbol depth
        def setDepthAt(se: ScopeEntry): Unit = symbolDepth = (cx.depth - cx.scope.nestingLevel) + se.depth

        // search enclosing scopes
        // cx.scope eq null arises during FixInvalidSyms in Duplicators
        while (defSym == NoSymbol && (cx ne NoContext) && (cx.scope ne null)) {
          pre    = cx.enclClass.prefix
          defSym = lookupInScope(cx.scope) match {
            case Nil                  => searchPrefix
            case se :: Nil            => setDepthAt(se) ; se.sym
            case entries @ (hd :: tl) => setDepthAt(hd) ; newOverloaded(cx.owner, pre, entries)
          }
          if (!defSym.exists) cx = cx.outer // push further outward
        }
        if (symbolDepth < 0) symbolDepth = cx.depth

        var impSym: Symbol = NoSymbol
        var imports        = Context.this.imports
        def imp1           = imports.head
        def imp2           = imports.tail.head
        def sameDepth      = imp1.depth == imp2.depth
        def imp1Explicit   = imp1 isExplicitImport name
        def imp2Explicit   = imp2 isExplicitImport name

        def lookupImport(imp: ImportInfo, requireExplicit: Boolean): Symbol =
          importedAccessibleSymbol(imp, name, requireExplicit, record = true) filter qualifies

        def checkUpstreamImports(): Unit = {
          // We continue walking down the imports as long as the tail is non-empty, which gives us:
          //   imports  ==  imp1 :: imp2 :: _
          // And at least one of the following is true:
          //   - imp1 and imp2 are at the same depth
          //   - imp1 is a wildcard import, so all explicit imports from outer scopes must be checked
          def keepLooking = (
               lookupError == null
            && imports.tail.nonEmpty
            && (sameDepth || !imp1Explicit)
          )
          // If we find a competitor imp2 which imports the same name, possible outcomes are:
          //
          //  - same depth, imp1 wild, imp2 explicit:        imp2 wins, drop imp1
          //  - same depth, imp1 wild, imp2 wild:            ambiguity check
          //  - same depth, imp1 explicit, imp2 explicit:    ambiguity check
          //  - differing depth, imp1 wild, imp2 explicit:   ambiguity check
          //  - all others:                                  imp1 wins, drop imp2
          //
          // The ambiguity check is: if we can verify that both imports refer to the same
          // symbol (e.g. import foo.X followed by import foo._) then we discard imp2
          // and proceed. If we cannot, issue an ambiguity error.
          while (keepLooking) {
            // If not at the same depth, limit the lookup to explicit imports.
            // This is desirable from a performance standpoint (compare to
            // filtering after the fact) but also necessary to keep the unused
            // import check from being misled by symbol lookups which are not
            // actually used.
            val other = lookupImport(imp2, requireExplicit = !sameDepth)
            def imp1wins() = { imports = imp1 :: imports.tail.tail }
            def imp2wins() = { impSym = other ; imports = imports.tail }

            if (!other.exists) // imp1 wins; drop imp2 and continue.
              imp1wins()
            else if (sameDepth && !imp1Explicit && imp2Explicit) // imp2 wins; drop imp1 and continue.
              imp2wins()
            else resolveAmbiguousImport(name, imp1, imp2) match {
              case Some(imp) => if (imp eq imp1) imp1wins() else imp2wins()
              case _         => lookupError = ambiguousImports(imp1, imp2)
            }
          }
        }

        // Java: A single-type-import declaration d in a compilation unit c of package p
        // that imports a type named n shadows, throughout c, the declarations of:
        //
        //  1) any top level type named n declared in another compilation unit of p
        //
        // A type-import-on-demand declaration never causes any other declaration to be shadowed.
        //
        // Scala: Bindings of different kinds have a precedence defined on them:
        //
        //  1) Definitions and declarations that are local, inherited, or made available by a
        //     package clause in the same compilation unit where the definition occurs have
        //     highest precedence.
        //  2) Explicit imports have next highest precedence.
        def depthOk(imp: ImportInfo) = (
             imp.depth > symbolDepth
          || (unit.isJava && imp.isExplicitImport(name) && imp.depth == symbolDepth)
        )

        // search imports
        while (!impSym.exists && imports.nonEmpty && depthOk(imports.head)) {
          impSym = lookupImport(imp1, requireExplicit = false)
          if (!impSym.exists) imports = imports.tail
        }

        // found both in enclosing scope and imported from elsewhere, so pick one
        if (defSym.exists && impSym.exists) {
          // imported symbols take precedence over package-owned symbols in different compilation units.
          if (isPackageOwnedInDifferentUnit(defSym))
            defSym = NoSymbol
          // Defined symbols take precedence over erroneous imports.
          else if (impSym.isError || impSym.name == nme.CONSTRUCTOR)
            impSym = NoSymbol
          // Otherwise they are irreconcilably ambiguous
          else
            return ambiguousDefnAndImport(defSym.alternatives.head.owner, imp1)
        }

        // At this point only one or the other of defSym and impSym might be set.
        if (defSym.exists)
          finishDefSym(defSym, pre)
        else if (impSym.exists) {
          checkUpstreamImports()
          // optimization: don't write out package prefixes
          finish(resetPos(imp1.qual.duplicate), impSym)
        }
        else finish(EmptyTree, NoSymbol)
      }
      // ctor must be in enclosing class; anything else can be in enclosing contexts or imported
      if (name == nme.CONSTRUCTOR) lookupCtor else doLookup
    }

    /**
     * Find a symbol in this context or one of its outers.
     *
     * Used to find symbols are owned by methods (or fields), they can't be
     * found in some scope.
     *
     * Examples: companion module of classes owned by a method, default getter
     * methods of nested methods. See NamesDefaults.scala
     */
    def lookup(name: Name, expectedOwner: Symbol) = {
      var res: Symbol = NoSymbol
      var ctx = this
      while (res == NoSymbol && ctx.outer != ctx) {
        val s = ctx.scope lookup name
        if (s != NoSymbol && s.owner == expectedOwner)
          res = s
        else
          ctx = ctx.outer
      }
      res
    }

    final def lookupCompanionOf(original: Symbol): Symbol = {
      lookupScopeEntry(original) match {
        case null => NoSymbol
        case entry => entry.owner.lookupCompanion(original)
      }
    }

    /** Search scopes in current and enclosing contexts for the definition of `symbol` */
    private def lookupScopeEntry(symbol: Symbol): ScopeEntry = {
      var res: ScopeEntry = null
      var ctx = this
      while (res == null && ctx.outer != ctx) {
        val s = ctx.scope lookupSymbolEntry symbol
        if (s != null)
          res = s
        else
          ctx = ctx.outer
      }
      res
    }
  } //class Context

  /** A `Context` focussed on an `Import` tree */
  trait ImportContext extends Context {
    private[this] lazy val impInfo: ImportInfo = {
      val info = new ImportInfo(tree.asInstanceOf[Import], outerDepth)
      if (settings.warnUnusedImport && !isRootImport) allImportInfos(unit) ::= info
      info
    }
    override final def imports      = impInfo :: super.imports
    override final def firstImport  = Some(impInfo)
    // must be a def for bootstrapping -- TODO: why?
    override final lazy val isRootImport = !tree.pos.isDefined || {
      val head = {
        val all = impInfo.allImportedSymbols.iterator
        if (all.hasNext) all.next else null
      }
      //definitions.Interpreter_iw == head
      head != null && definitions.Interpreter_iw.fullName == head.fullName
    }
    override final def toString = s"${super.toString} with ImportContext { $impInfo; outer.owner = ${outer.owner} }"
  }

  /** A reporter for use during type checking. It has multiple modes for handling errors.
   *
   *  The default (immediate mode) is to send the error to the global reporter.
   *  When switched into buffering mode via makeBuffering, errors and warnings are buffered and not be reported
   *  (there's a special case for ambiguity errors for some reason: those are force to the reporter when context.ambiguousErrors,
   *   or else they are buffered -- TODO: can we simplify this?)
   *
   *  When using the type checker after typers, an error results in a TypeError being thrown. TODO: get rid of this mode.
   *
   *  To handle nested contexts, reporters share buffers. TODO: only buffer in BufferingReporter, emit immediately in ImmediateReporter
   */
  abstract class ContextReporter(private[this] var _errorBuffer: mutable.LinkedHashSet[AbsTypeError] = null, private[this] var _warningBuffer: mutable.LinkedHashSet[(Position, String)] = null) extends Reporter {
    type Error = AbsTypeError
    type Warning = (Position, String)

    def issue(err: AbsTypeError)(implicit context: Context): Unit = handleError(context.fixPosition(err.errPos), addDiagString(err.errMsg))

    protected def handleError(pos: Position, msg: String): Unit
    protected def handleSuppressedAmbiguous(err: AbsAmbiguousTypeError): Unit = ()
    protected def handleWarning(pos: Position, msg: String): Unit = reporter.warning(pos, msg)

    def makeImmediate: ContextReporter = this
    def makeBuffering: ContextReporter = this
    def isBuffering: Boolean           = false
    def isThrowing: Boolean            = false

    /** Emit an ambiguous error according to context.ambiguousErrors
     *
     *  - when true, use global.reporter regardless of whether we're buffering (TODO: can we change this?)
     *  - else, let this context reporter decide
     */
    final def issueAmbiguousError(err: AbsAmbiguousTypeError)(implicit context: Context): Unit =
      if (context.ambiguousErrors) reporter.error(context.fixPosition(err.errPos), addDiagString(err.errMsg)) // force reporting... see TODO above
      else handleSuppressedAmbiguous(err)

    @inline final def withFreshErrorBuffer[T](expr: => T): T = {
      val previousBuffer = _errorBuffer
      _errorBuffer = newBuffer
      val res = expr // expr will read _errorBuffer
      _errorBuffer = previousBuffer
      res
    }

    @inline final def propagatingErrorsTo[T](target: ContextReporter)(expr: => T): T = {
      val res = expr // TODO: make sure we're okay skipping the try/finally overhead
      if ((this ne target) && hasErrors) { // `this eq target` in e.g., test/files/neg/divergent-implicit.scala
        // assert(target.errorBuffer ne _errorBuffer)
        target ++= errors
        // TODO: is clearAllErrors necessary? (no tests failed when dropping it)
        // NOTE: even though `this ne target`, it may still be that `target.errorBuffer eq _errorBuffer`,
        // so don't clear the buffer, but null out the reference so that a new one will be created when necessary (should be never??)
        // (we should refactor error buffering to avoid mutation on shared buffers)
        clearAllErrors()
      }
      res
    }

    protected final def info0(pos: Position, msg: String, severity: Severity, force: Boolean): Unit =
      severity match {
        case ERROR   => handleError(pos, msg)
        case WARNING => handleWarning(pos, msg)
        case INFO    => reporter.echo(pos, msg)
      }

    final override def hasErrors = super.hasErrors || errorBuffer.nonEmpty

    // TODO: everything below should be pushed down to BufferingReporter (related to buffering)
    // Implicit relies on this most heavily, but there you know reporter.isInstanceOf[BufferingReporter]
    // can we encode this statically?

    // have to pass in context because multiple contexts may share the same ReportBuffer
    def reportFirstDivergentError(fun: Tree, param: Symbol, paramTp: Type)(implicit context: Context): Unit =
      errors.collectFirst {
        case dte: DivergentImplicitTypeError => dte
      } match {
        case Some(divergent) =>
          // DivergentImplicit error has higher priority than "no implicit found"
          // no need to issue the problem again if we are still in silent mode
          if (context.reportErrors) {
            context.issue(divergent.withPt(paramTp))
            errorBuffer.retain {
              case dte: DivergentImplicitTypeError => false
              case _ => true
            }
          }
        case _ =>
          NoImplicitFoundError(fun, param)(context)
      }

    def retainDivergentErrorsExcept(saved: DivergentImplicitTypeError) =
      errorBuffer.retain {
        case err: DivergentImplicitTypeError => err ne saved
        case _ => false
      }

    def propagateImplicitTypeErrorsTo(target: ContextReporter) = {
      errors foreach {
        case err@(_: DivergentImplicitTypeError | _: AmbiguousImplicitTypeError) =>
          target.errorBuffer += err
        case _ =>
      }
      // debuglog("propagateImplicitTypeErrorsTo: " + errors)
    }

    protected def addDiagString(msg: String)(implicit context: Context): String = {
      val diagUsedDefaultsMsg = "Error occurred in an application involving default arguments."
      if (context.diagUsedDefaults && !(msg endsWith diagUsedDefaultsMsg)) msg + "\n" + diagUsedDefaultsMsg
      else msg
    }

    final def emitWarnings() = if (_warningBuffer != null) {
      _warningBuffer foreach {
        case (pos, msg) => reporter.warning(pos, msg)
      }
      _warningBuffer = null
    }

    // [JZ] Contexts, pre- the SI-7345 refactor, avoided allocating the buffers until needed. This
    // is replicated here out of conservatism.
    private def newBuffer[A]    = mutable.LinkedHashSet.empty[A] // Important to use LinkedHS for stable results.
    final protected def errorBuffer   = { if (_errorBuffer == null) _errorBuffer = newBuffer; _errorBuffer }
    final protected def warningBuffer = { if (_warningBuffer == null) _warningBuffer = newBuffer; _warningBuffer }

    final def errors: immutable.Seq[Error]     = errorBuffer.toVector
    final def warnings: immutable.Seq[Warning] = warningBuffer.toVector
    final def firstError: Option[AbsTypeError] = errorBuffer.headOption

    // TODO: remove ++= and clearAll* entirely in favor of more high-level combinators like withFreshErrorBuffer
    final private[typechecker] def ++=(errors: Traversable[AbsTypeError]): Unit = errorBuffer ++= errors

    // null references to buffers instead of clearing them,
    // as the buffers may be shared between different reporters
    final def clearAll(): Unit       = { _errorBuffer = null; _warningBuffer = null }
    final def clearAllErrors(): Unit = { _errorBuffer = null }
  }

  private[typechecker] class ImmediateReporter(_errorBuffer: mutable.LinkedHashSet[AbsTypeError] = null, _warningBuffer: mutable.LinkedHashSet[(Position, String)] = null) extends ContextReporter(_errorBuffer, _warningBuffer) {
    override def makeBuffering: ContextReporter = new BufferingReporter(errorBuffer, warningBuffer)
    protected def handleError(pos: Position, msg: String): Unit = reporter.error(pos, msg)
 }

  private[typechecker] class BufferingReporter(_errorBuffer: mutable.LinkedHashSet[AbsTypeError] = null, _warningBuffer: mutable.LinkedHashSet[(Position, String)] = null) extends ContextReporter(_errorBuffer, _warningBuffer) {
    override def isBuffering = true

    override def issue(err: AbsTypeError)(implicit context: Context): Unit             = errorBuffer += err

    // this used to throw new TypeError(pos, msg) -- buffering lets us report more errors (test/files/neg/macro-basic-mamdmi)
    // the old throwing behavior was relied on by diagnostics in manifestOfType
    protected def handleError(pos: Position, msg: String): Unit                        = errorBuffer += TypeErrorWrapper(new TypeError(pos, msg))
    override protected def handleSuppressedAmbiguous(err: AbsAmbiguousTypeError): Unit = errorBuffer += err
    override protected def handleWarning(pos: Position, msg: String): Unit             = warningBuffer += ((pos, msg))

    // TODO: emit all buffered errors, warnings
    override def makeImmediate: ContextReporter = new ImmediateReporter(errorBuffer, warningBuffer)
  }

  /** Used after typer (specialization relies on TypeError being thrown, among other post-typer phases).
   *
   * TODO: get rid of it, use ImmediateReporter and a check for reporter.hasErrors where necessary
   */
  private[typechecker] class ThrowingReporter extends ContextReporter {
    override def isThrowing = true
    protected def handleError(pos: Position, msg: String): Unit = throw new TypeError(pos, msg)
  }

  /** Used during a run of [[scala.tools.nsc.typechecker.TreeCheckers]]? */
  private[typechecker] class CheckingReporter extends ContextReporter {
    protected def handleError(pos: Position, msg: String): Unit = onTreeCheckerError(pos, msg)
  }

  class ImportInfo(val tree: Import, val depth: Int) {
    def pos = tree.pos
    def posOf(sel: ImportSelector) = tree.pos withPoint sel.namePos

    /** The prefix expression */
    def qual: Tree = tree.symbol.info match {
      case ImportType(expr) => expr
      case ErrorType        => tree setType NoType // fix for #2870
      case _                => throw new FatalError(s"symbol ${tree.symbol} has bad type: ${tree.symbol.info}") //debug
    }

    /** Is name imported explicitly, not via wildcard? */
    def isExplicitImport(name: Name): Boolean =
      tree.selectors exists (_.rename == name.toTermName)

    /** The symbol with name `name` imported from import clause `tree`. */
    def importedSymbol(name: Name): Symbol = importedSymbol(name, requireExplicit = false, record = true)

    private def recordUsage(sel: ImportSelector, result: Symbol): Unit = {
      debuglog(s"In $this at ${ pos.source.file.name }:${ posOf(sel).line }, selector '${ selectorString(sel)
        }' resolved to ${
          if (tree.symbol.hasCompleteInfo) s"(qual=$qual, $result)"
          else s"(expr=${tree.expr}, ${result.fullLocationString})"
        }")
      allUsedSelectors(this) += sel
    }

    /** If requireExplicit is true, wildcard imports are not considered. */
    def importedSymbol(name: Name, requireExplicit: Boolean, record: Boolean): Symbol = {
      var result: Symbol = NoSymbol
      var renamed = false
      var selectors = tree.selectors
      def current = selectors.head
      while ((selectors ne Nil) && result == NoSymbol) {
        if (current.rename == name.toTermName)
          result = qual.tpe.nonLocalMember( // new to address #2733: consider only non-local members for imports
            if (name.isTypeName) current.name.toTypeName else current.name)
        else if (current.name == name.toTermName)
          renamed = true
        else if (current.name == nme.WILDCARD && !renamed && !requireExplicit)
          result = qual.tpe.nonLocalMember(name)

        if (result == NoSymbol)
          selectors = selectors.tail
      }
      if (record && settings.warnUnusedImport && selectors.nonEmpty && result != NoSymbol && pos != NoPosition)
        recordUsage(current, result)

      // Harden against the fallout from bugs like SI-6745
      //
      // [JZ] I considered issuing a devWarning and moving the
      //      check inside the above loop, as I believe that
      //      this always represents a mistake on the part of
      //      the caller.
      if (definitions isImportable result) result
      else NoSymbol
    }
    private def selectorString(s: ImportSelector): String = {
      if (s.name == nme.WILDCARD && s.rename == null) "_"
      else if (s.name == s.rename) "" + s.name
      else s.name + " => " + s.rename
    }

    def allImportedSymbols: Iterable[Symbol] =
      importableMembers(qual.tpe) flatMap (transformImport(tree.selectors, _))

    private def transformImport(selectors: List[ImportSelector], sym: Symbol): List[Symbol] = selectors match {
      case List() => List()
      case List(ImportSelector(nme.WILDCARD, _, _, _)) => List(sym)
      case ImportSelector(from, _, to, _) :: _ if from == sym.name =>
        if (to == nme.WILDCARD) List()
        else List(sym.cloneSymbol(sym.owner, sym.rawflags, to))
      case _ :: rest => transformImport(rest, sym)
    }

    override def hashCode = tree.##
    override def equals(other: Any) = other match {
      case that: ImportInfo => (tree == that.tree)
      case _                => false
    }
    override def toString = tree.toString
  }

  type ImportType = global.ImportType
  val ImportType = global.ImportType
}

object ContextMode {
  import scala.language.implicitConversions
  private implicit def liftIntBitsToContextState(bits: Int): ContextMode = apply(bits)
  def apply(bits: Int): ContextMode = new ContextMode(bits)
  final val NOmode: ContextMode                   = 0

  final val AmbiguousErrors: ContextMode          = 1 << 2

  /** Are we in a secondary constructor after the this constructor call? */
  final val ConstructorSuffix: ContextMode        = 1 << 3

  /** For method context: were returns encountered? */
  final val ReturnsSeen: ContextMode              = 1 << 4

  /** Is this context (enclosed in) a constructor call?
    * (the call to the super or self constructor in the first line of a constructor.)
    * In such a context, the object's fields should not be in scope
    */
  final val SelfSuperCall: ContextMode            = 1 << 5

  // TODO harvest documentation for this
  final val ImplicitsEnabled: ContextMode         = 1 << 6

  final val MacrosEnabled: ContextMode            = 1 << 7

  /** To selectively allow enrichment in patterns, where other kinds of implicit conversions are not allowed */
  final val EnrichmentEnabled: ContextMode        = 1 << 8


  /** Are we retypechecking arguments independently from the function applied to them? See `Typer.tryTypedApply`
   *  TODO - iron out distinction/overlap with SecondTry.
   */
  final val ReTyping: ContextMode                 = 1 << 10

  /** Are we typechecking pattern alternatives. Formerly ALTmode. */
  final val PatternAlternative: ContextMode       = 1 << 11

  /** Are star patterns allowed. Formerly STARmode. */
  final val StarPatterns: ContextMode             = 1 << 12

  /** Are we typing the "super" in a superclass constructor call super.<init>. Formerly SUPERCONSTRmode. */
  final val SuperInit: ContextMode                = 1 << 13

  /*  Is this the second attempt to type this tree? In that case functions
   *  may no longer be coerced with implicit views. Formerly SNDTRYmode.
   */
  final val SecondTry: ContextMode                = 1 << 14

  /** Are we in return position? Formerly RETmode. */
  final val ReturnExpr: ContextMode               = 1 << 15

  /** Are unapplied type constructors allowed here? Formerly HKmode. */
  final val TypeConstructorAllowed: ContextMode   = 1 << 16

  /** TODO: The "sticky modes" are EXPRmode, PATTERNmode, TYPEmode.
   *  To mimic the sticky mode behavior, when captain stickyfingers
   *  comes around we need to propagate those modes but forget the other
   *  context modes which were once mode bits; those being so far the
   *  ones listed here.
   */
  final val FormerNonStickyModes: ContextMode = (
    PatternAlternative | StarPatterns | SuperInit | SecondTry | ReturnExpr | TypeConstructorAllowed
  )

  final val DefaultMode: ContextMode = MacrosEnabled

  private val contextModeNameMap = Map(
    AmbiguousErrors        -> "AmbiguousErrors",
    ConstructorSuffix      -> "ConstructorSuffix",
    SelfSuperCall          -> "SelfSuperCall",
    ImplicitsEnabled       -> "ImplicitsEnabled",
    MacrosEnabled          -> "MacrosEnabled",
    ReTyping               -> "ReTyping",
    PatternAlternative     -> "PatternAlternative",
    StarPatterns           -> "StarPatterns",
    SuperInit              -> "SuperInit",
    SecondTry              -> "SecondTry",
    TypeConstructorAllowed -> "TypeConstructorAllowed"
  )
}

/**
 * A value class to carry the boolean flags of a context, such as whether errors should
 * be buffered or reported.
 */
final class ContextMode private (val bits: Int) extends AnyVal {
  import ContextMode._

  def &(other: ContextMode): ContextMode  = new ContextMode(bits & other.bits)
  def |(other: ContextMode): ContextMode  = new ContextMode(bits | other.bits)
  def &~(other: ContextMode): ContextMode = new ContextMode(bits & ~(other.bits))
  def set(value: Boolean, mask: ContextMode) = if (value) |(mask) else &~(mask)

  def inAll(required: ContextMode)        = (this & required) == required
  def inAny(required: ContextMode)        = (this & required) != NOmode
  def inNone(prohibited: ContextMode)     = (this & prohibited) == NOmode

  override def toString =
    if (bits == 0) "NOmode"
    else (contextModeNameMap filterKeys inAll).values.toList.sorted mkString " "
}