Advanced use example of serverspec

This is an example of use of serverspec with the following additions:

• host groups with a function classifier
• parallel execution using a process pool
• report generation (in JSON format)
• report viewer

Currently, this has not been updated to Serverspec v2. There is a spec_helpver_v2.rb which will allow testing of v2 functions located in spec/

A tool similar to serverspec but with Python is Testinfra.

First steps

Before using this example, you must provide your list of hosts in a file named hosts. You can also specify an alternate list of files by setting the HOSTS environment variable.

You also need to modify the roles() function at the top of the Rakefile to derive host roles from their names. The current classifier is unlikely to work as is.

To install the dependencies, use bundle install --path .bundle.

You can then run a test session:

$ bundle exec rake spec

It is possible to only run tests on some hosts or to restrict to some roles:

$ bundle exec rake check:role:web
$ bundle exec rake check:server:blm-web-22.example.com

Also note that sudo is disabled in spec/spec_helper.rb. You can enable it globally or locally, like explained here.

Classifier

The classifier is currently a simple function (roles()) taking a hostname as first parameter and returning an array of roles. A role is just a string that should also be a subdirectory in the spec/ directory. In this subdirectory, you can put any test that should be run for the given role. Here is a simple example of a directory structure for three roles:

spec
├── all
│   ├── lldpd_spec.rb
│   └── network_spec.rb
├── memcache
│   └── memcached_spec.rb
└── web
    └── apache2_spec.rb

Moreover, there is a tags() function whose purpose is to attach tags to tests. Those tags are then made available for conditional tests. You can do something like this with them:

describe file('/data/images'), :tag => "paris" do
  it { should be_mounted.with( :type => 'nfs' ) }
end

This test will only be executed if paris is one of the tags of the current host.

Parallel execution

With many hosts and many tests, serial execution can take some time. By using a pool of processes to run tests, it is possible to speed up test execution. rake comes with builtin support of such feature. Just execute it with -j 10 -m.

Reports

Reports are automatically generated and put in reports/ directory in JSON format. They can be examined with a simple HTML viewer provided in viewer/ directory. Provide a report and you will get a grid view of tests executed succesfully or not. By clicking on one result, you'll get details of what happened, including the backtrace if any.

There is a task reports:view which triggers a WebRick HTTP server on port 5000. Just open up http://localhost:5000/viewer to get quick access to the generated reports.

There is a task reports:gzip which will gzip reports (and remove empty ones). To be able to still use them without manual unzip, you need a configuration like this in nginx to be able to serve them:

server {
   listen 80;
   server_name serverspec.vbernat.deezerdev.com;

   location / {
      index index.html;
      root /path/to/serverspec/repo/viewer;
   }
   location /reports {
      autoindex on;
      root /path/to/serverspec/repo;
      gzip_static always;
      gzip_http_version 1.0;
      gunzip on;
   }
}

If your version of nginx does not support gunzip on, you will usually be fine without it...