ci: Run CI and packaging workflows on release branch PRs

[matthewfeickert]

Description

• Backport PR ci: Run CI and packaging workflows on release branch PRs #2149 and add Docker build and docs workflows
  to run on PRs on patch release branches.
• Backport components of:
  • PR build(deps): bump amannn/action-semantic-pull-request from 4 to 5 #2047
  • PR ci: Enable multiplatform builds for amd64 and arm64 #2058
  • PR build(deps): bump actions/configure-pages from 2 to 3 #2102
  • PR build(deps): bump docker/build-push-action from 3 to 4 #2106
  • PR build(deps): bump actions/deploy-pages from 1 to 2 #2140
  • PR feat: Add Python 3.11 to testing and default to using it #2145
  • PR build(deps): bump pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish from 1.8.1 to 1.8.3 #2146

Checklist Before Requesting Reviewer

• Tests are passing
• "WIP" removed from the title of the pull request
• Selected an Assignee for the PR to be responsible for the log summary

Before Merging

For the PR Assignees:

• Summarize commit messages into a comprehensive review of the PR

* Backport PR #2149 and add Docker build and docs workflows
  to run on PRs on patch release branches.
* Backport components of:
   - PR https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2047
   - PR https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2058
   - PR https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2102
   - PR https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2106
   - PR https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2140
   - PR https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2145
   - PR https://github.com/scikit-hep/pyhf/pull/2146

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❗ No coverage uploaded for pull request base (release/v0.7.x@74fcde9). Click here to learn what that means.
Patch has no changes to coverable lines.

Additional details and impacted files

@@                Coverage Diff                @@
##             release/v0.7.x    #2151   +/-   ##
=================================================
  Coverage                  ?   98.05%           
=================================================
  Files                     ?       69           
  Lines                     ?     4530           
  Branches                  ?      800           
=================================================
  Hits                      ?     4442           
  Misses                    ?       54           
  Partials                  ?       34           

Flag	Coverage Δ
contrib	27.52% <0.00%> (?)
unittests-3.10	96.31% <0.00%> (?)
unittests-3.11	96.31% <0.00%> (?)
unittests-3.7	96.28% <0.00%> (?)
unittests-3.8	96.33% <0.00%> (?)
unittests-3.9	96.35% <0.00%> (?)

Flags with carried forward coverage won't be shown. Click here to find out more.

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