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+,Term in Hebrew,Plural Form and Alternative Spellings - English,Plural Form and Alternative Spellings - Hebrew,Prime Location(s),Proposed Definition,See Also (other terms)
+Am Ha'aretz,עם הארץ,Amei Ha'aretz,עמי הארץ,,one who is lax in observing tithes and purity laws,
+Asham,אשם,Ashamim,אשמים,,offering brought to alleviate guilt,
+Atzeret,עצרת,,,,"Another name for Shavuot, the harvest festival",
+Ba'al HaBayit,בעל הבית,Ba'alei Batim,בעלי בתים,,property owner,
+Ba'al Keri,בעל קרי,,,,A male who has had a seminal emission buthas yet to purify himself by immersion in a Mikveh,
+Baheret,בהרת,Beharot,,,type of diseased patch that creates impurity,
+Beit HaMidrash,בית המדרש,"Batei Midrash, Batei Midrashot","בתי מדרש, בתי מדרשות",,Facility devoted to the study and teaching of Torah,
+Beit Pras,בית הפרס,,,,a field in which a grave has been plowed over,
+Beit Se'ah,בית סאה,Beit Se'in,,,"A measure of area, equivalent to that area of land large enough to require a Se'ah of seeds to sow it",
+Bi'ur,ביעור,,,,Requirement to destroy Sabbatical produce when it is no longer readily available in the field,
+Bikurim,בכורים,,,,First-fruits that must be brought to the Temple in Jerusalem and given to the Kohen,
+Bohak,בהק,,,,dull blemish,
+Chadash,חדש,,,,Grain from the current year that one is forbidden to eat until,
+Challah,חלה,,,,"A portion of a batch of bread dough given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household",
+Chalutzah,חלוצה,Chalutzot,חלוצות,,The widow of a childless man released from the obligation of Levirate marriage by a ceremony performed by her brother-in-law,
+Chalitzah,חליצה,,,Sotah 7:2,The ceremony performed to release a widow of a childless man from the obligation of Levirite marriage,
+Chattat,חטאת,Chatta'ot,חטאות,,Offering brought to expiate sin; An alternate name for the red heifer offering,
+Chaver,חבר,,,,one who scrupulously observes tithes and purity laws,
+Chulin,חלין,,חולין,,Produce or food permitted for general consumption,
+Chutz La'Aretz,חוץ לארץ,,,,Anywhere outside the borders of the Land of Israel,
+Demai,דמאי,,,,produce from which it is uncertain whether tithes were already taken  ,
+Dinar,דינר,,,,specific unit of money,
+Eifah,איפה,,,,specific unit of volume,
+Eruv,עירוב,,,,halachic merging of separate domains by means of setting aside an amount of food in a designated place,
+Fundyon,פנדיון,,,,specific unit of money,
+Gabachat,גבחת,,,,blemish that balds the top of the head,
+Ger Toshav,גר תושב,,,,resident non-Jew who accepted the seven Noahide laws,
+Gezerah Shavah,גזרה שוה,,גזרה שווה,,A technique of halachic interpretation employing an established link between identical or nearly identical words,
+Hallel,הלל,,,,Psalms of thankskiving recited joyously and communally on many festivals,
+Hefker,הפקר,,,,Property rendered ownerless by renunciation of its former owner,
+Hekdesh,הקדש,Hekdeshot,הקדשות,,"Property, living or inanimate, devoted by its owner for sacred purposes, by which action he ceases to be its owner",
+Ir Miklat,עיר מקלט,Arei Miklat,ערי מקלט,,City of refuge for accidental murderers,
+Issar,איסר,Issarot,אסרות,,specific unit of money,
+Kal Vachomer,קל וחומר,,,,<i>a fortiori</i> reasoning,
+Karachat,קרחת,,,,blemish that balds the back of the head,
+Kasher,כשר,,,,"acceptable, fit, valid",
+Kav,קב,"Kavin, Kabim",קבין,,specific unit of volume ,
+Kerem Revai,כרם רבעי,,,,"The fruit of a tree in the fourth year after its planting, which must be taken to Jerusalem and consumed there",
+Keruv,כרוב,Keruvim,כרובים,,"Sculpted golden, winged figures which were part of the golden cover of the Ark",
+Ketoret,קטורת,,,,Holy incense offered twice a day on the golden altar inside the Temple,
+Ketubah,כתובה,,"כתבה, כתובות, כתבות",,monetary settlement payable to a married woman upon divorce or the death of her husband,
+Kikar,ככר,,,,specific unit of volume,
+Kilayim,כלאים,,,,"The product of forbidden crossbreeding or working of certain animals with one another, planting together certain plants, or interweaving certain fibers",
+Kodesh,קדש,,,,"Holy items, foodstuff, or animals",
+Kodashim Kalim,קדשים קלים,,,,"sacrifices of a lesser degree of sanctity, they may be slaughtered anywhere in the Temple courtyard and consumed by most anyone, anywhere in Jerusalem",
+Kodshai Kodashim,קדשי קדשים,,,,"sacrifices of the highest degree of sanctity, they may be slaughtered only on the north-west corner of the altar, and consumed only within the Temple compound by male priests, or burnt entirely.",
+Kohen,כהן,"Kohanim, Kohain","כהנים, כוהן",,"Member of priestly caste, subgroup of tribe of Levi, uniquely responsible for maintaining and carrying out the sacrificial services in the Temple","Levi, Korban, Mikash"
+Koi,כוי,,,, An animal whose domesticated status is ambiguous,
+Kometz,קומץ,,,,"a handful of the meal offering, which the priest takes to be put on the altar",
+Konam,,,,nedarim,Introductory expression indicating a vow not to do or use something,
+Kor,כור,,,,specific unit of volume,
+Lechem Hapanim,לחם הפנים,,,,twelve specially shaped unleavened loaves offered each Shabbat on the golden table in the Temple,
+Leket,לקט,,,,"Individual stalks which fall during harvest, which must be left for the poor to glean",
+Letekh,לתך,,,,specific unit of volume,
+Log,לג,,,,a biblical unit of liquid measurements,
+Luf,לוף,,,,plant,
+Ma'aser Rishon,מעשר ראשון,,,,"The first tithe of produce, which must be given to the Levi",
+Ma'aser Sheni,מעשר שני,,,,"The second tithe of produce, which must be taken to Jerusalem and consumed there",
+Mamzer/Mamzeret,ממזר/ת,,,Sotah 4:1,the offspring of a severely pronibited union between a Jewish man and woman,
+Matir,מתיר,matirim,מתירים,,that which enables a sacrifice to fulfill its purpose,
+Mechusar Kippurim,מחסר כפורים,,,,One who has purified himself via immersion but still needs to bring an sacrifice before eating from offerings ,
+Medumeh,מדומה,,,,A mixture of Terumah and Chullin,
+Me'ilah, מעילה,,,,Misuse of consecrated property,
+Melikah,מליקה,,,,"slaughtering method used for bird sacrificies, employing the thumbnail instead of a knife",
+Maneh,מנה,,,,specific unit of weight,
+Marit Ha'Ayin,מראית העין,Marit Ayin,מראית עין,,"An action or situation which might be misinterpreted by the casual viewer, who might think it involves a transgression where there is none, or come to permit forbidden actions based on what he has seen",
+Menorah,מנורה,,,,The Temple candelabrum,
+Metzorah,מצורע,metzoraim,מצורעים,,"One rendered severely impure from an unsightly skin disease. Upon recovery and purification, he must bring offerings.",
+Motzi Shem Ra,מוציא שם רע,,,,A man who falsely accuses his bride of not having been a virgin,
+Musaf,מוסף,Musafim,מוספים,,Additional sacrifices offered on Shabbat and holidays,
+Nazir,נזיר,,,,"a person who swears abstention from all grape products like wine, from cutting his hair, and avoidance of corpse impurity",
+Nega,נגע,Negaim,נגעים,,"diseased patches on skin, clothes, or houses that create impurity",
+Netek,נתק,Netakim,,,diseased patches on the head or beard,
+Netin/Netinah,נתינ/ה,,,Sotah 4:1,"member of a caste of Temple servants, historically descended from the Gibeonites",
+Nevelah,נבלה,"Neveilah, Nevelot, Neveilot",נבלות,,An improperly slaughtered animal of a permitted species,
+Niddah,נידה,Niddot,נידות,,A female who has menstrual discharges which render her impure,
+Nikuf,נקוף,,,Pe'ah 8:3,olives declared ownerless by the owner,
+Notar,נותר,,,,"a sacrifice that becomes unfit, due to being left unconsumed until after the time limit for its consumption",
+Olah,עולה,Olot,"עולות, עלות",,offering that is entirely burnt,
+Olelet,עוללת,Olelot,עוללות,,Individual grapes that do not grow in clusters and must be left on the vine for the poor,
+Omer,עומר,,,,"The special barley offering, offered the day after Pesach, which permits grain harvested in the last year to be eaten",
+Onen,אונן,,,,A person whose close relative has died but has not yet been buried,
+Orlah,ערלה,,,,"The fruit of a tree during the first three years after its planting, the consumption or usage of which is forbidden",
+Patukh,פתוך,,,,red-tinge,
+Pe'ah,פאה,,,,"Requirement to leave, when harvesting, a corner of the field for the poor",
+Peret,פרט,,,,Individual grapes which fall during the grape-harvest which must be left for the poor to collect,
+Piggul,פגול,,,,"a sacrifice that becomes unfit, due to the intention of the officiating priest, while offering it, to consume it after its permitted time",
+Poletet Shichvat Zera,פולטת שכבת זרע,,,,A female who has a a discharge of seman within three days of having relations,
+Pruzbul,פרוזבול,,,,"Legal arrangement which avoids the mandatory Sabbatical year cancellation of personal debts by deeding them to the court, and being subsequently appointed their agent for collection",
+Revi'it,רביעית,,,,specific unit of volume,
+Rosh Chodesh,ראש חודש,Rashei Chodashim,ראשי חודשים,,"The first day of the new month, one which special prayers and sacrifices are offered",
+Rosh Hashanah,ראש השנה,Rashei Shanim,ראשי שנים,,"One of several New Year's festivals, usually, the New Year which begins in Tishrei",
+Rova,רבע,,,,specific unit of volume,
+Se'ah,סאה,Se'atayim (two),סאתים,,specific unit of volume,
+Se'eit,שאת,,,,type of diseased patch that creates impurity,
+Sela,סלע,,,,"specific unit of weight, coin",
+Sheretz,שרץ,Shekatzim,שקצים,,Creeping animals,
+Shekatzim U'Remasim,שקצים ורמשים,,,,"Small animals, such as reptiles, insect, or rodents, which move by scurrying, creeping, slithering, etc.",
+Sheminit,שמינית,,,,specific unit of volume,
+Semichah,סמיכה,,,,"Placing both hands  on the head of a sacrificial animal and leaning with all once's force, an action required for many sacrifices",
+Shalmei Simchai,שלמי שמחה,,,,Shelamim offerings brought to fulfill one's obligation to rejoice on the pilgrimage festivals,
+Shelamim,שלמים,,,,"An offering whose various parts are consumed by its owners, the Kohanim and the fire on the altar",
+Shikhecha,שכחה,,,,"Indivudual sheaves, forgotten in the field, which must be left for the poor to collect",
+Shiv'at Haminim,שבעת המינים,,,,The seven species of produce with which the Land of Israel is blessed,
+Shomeret Yavam,שומרת יבם,,,Sotah 4:1,widow of childless man whose brother has neither married her nor released her from the obligation of Levirite marriage,
+Shtei Halechem,שתי הלחם,,,,"The two leavened loaves of wheat brought as offerings on Shavuot, which permitted using the new grain for holy offerings.",
+Sotah,סוטה,,,,"a woman accused by her husband of adultery, to be subjected to a trial by ordeal",
+Tamid,תמיד,Temidim,תמידים,,"Communal burnt-offering offering twice daily in the Temple, once at dawn and once in the late afternoon",
+Tashlumei Kefel,תשלומי כפל,,,,Double payment made by a convicted thief,
+Tashlumin,תשלומין,,,,payments for what was wrongfully eaten,
+Tefach,טפח,Tefachim,טפחים,,specific unit of length,
+Tekhelet,תכלת,,,,The blue-dyed wool used for Tzitzit and priestly garments,
+Temurah,תמורה,,,,"an animal which has been substituted, wrongfully, for a sacrificial animal, and which thereby becomes sanctified for certain purposes",
+Terefah,טרפה,"Tereifah, Terefot, Tereifot",טרפות,,An animal with a mortal condition such that it would die within one year,
+Terumah,תרומה,Terumot,תרומות,,"A portion of a crop given to a Kohen which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household",
+Terumat HaLishkah,תרומת הלשכה,,,Nedarim 2:4,A Temple fund used for purchase of sacrificial animals for public sacrifices and their appurtenances,
+Terumat Ma'aser,תרומת מעשר,,,,"A tenth of the tithe given to a Levi which must, in turn , be given to a Kohen and which becomes holy upon separation, and can only be consumed by Kohanim or their household",
+Tevul Yom,,,,,a person who has immersed that day for purification but who must wait for night-fall to be fully pure,
+Yashan,ישן,,,,Grain from the previous year's that one is permitted to eat,
+Zar,זר,,,,Someone who is not a Kohen,
+Zav,זב,Zavim,זבים,,"A male who has certain types of atypical genital discharges, which render him impure",
+Zavah,זבה,Zavot,,,"A female who has certain types of atypical genital discharges, distinct from her menses, which render her impure",
+Zimun,זימון,,,,"Calling those who have eaten together, minimally three, to join together for the after-meal blessing",
+Zugot,זוגות,,,,Pairs of leading Sages from the earliest years of the Tannaitic period,
+Zuz,זוז,,,,specific unit of weight,
+Baitusim,בייתוסים,,,,"a sect akin to the Sadducees, who rejected the Oral Torah",