The simple learning project with the restrictions to use only shell to build and burn the program onto the AVR ATtiny2313 microcontroller.
The following tools and devices are used:
avr-gcc- to build the C programavrdude- to burn the programUSBasp programmer- the AVR programmer. I've bought this one on Aliexpress.
NOTICE: the following guide is valid only for macOS operating system. My
current version is macOS Mojave 10.14.2.
I've used the Homebrew package manager to install the needed tools. Please, follow the installation instructions on the official site to install it on your local machine.
You will then need to install avr-libc from the avr repository.
brew tap osx-cross/avr
Now you can install it.
brew install avr-libc
You will also need avrdude to handle the C to hex code conversion and programming the microcontroller.
brew install avrdude --with-usb
As a result I got the next tools versions:
$ avr-gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
Reading specs from /usr/local/Cellar/avr-gcc/8.2.0/lib/avr-gcc/8/gcc/avr/8.2.0/device-specs/specs-avr2
COLLECT_GCC=avr-gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/Cellar/avr-gcc/8.2.0/libexec/gcc/avr/8.2.0/lto-wrapper
Target: avr
Configured with: ../configure --target=avr --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/avr-gcc/8.2.0 --libdir=/usr/local/Cellar/avr-gcc/8.2.0/lib/avr-gcc/8 --enable-languages=c,c++ --with-ld=/usr/local/opt/avr-binutils/bin/avr-ld --with-as=/usr/local/opt/avr-binutils/bin/avr-as --disable-nls --disable-libssp --disable-shared --disable-threads --disable-libgomp --with-dwarf2
Thread model: single
gcc version 8.2.0 (GCC)
$ avrdude -v
avrdude: Version 6.3, compiled on Sep 21 2018 at 19:15:33
Copyright (c) 2000-2005 Brian Dean, http://www.bdmicro.com/
Copyright (c) 2007-2014 Joerg Wunsch
System wide configuration file is "/usr/local/Cellar/avrdude/6.3_1/etc/avrdude.conf"
User configuration file is "/Users/sergio/.avrduderc"
User configuration file does not exist or is not a regular file, skipping
avrdude: no programmer has been specified on the command line or the config file
Specify a programmer using the -c option and try again
Once you've written the program for the microcontroller you can build the project to get the HEX file, which could be used to burn it onto the microcontroller.
$ make
make
avr-gcc -g -Os -mmcu=attiny2313 -c src/main.* -o output/main.o
avr-gcc -g -mmcu=attiny2313 -o output/main.elf output/main.o
avr-objcopy -j .text -j .data -O ihex output/main.elf output/main.hex
For-first you have to connect the programmer to the computer. Also you have to connect the MCU to the programmer.
There is a required environment variable for the burn target: PORT. It
tells avrdude where the programmer is connected. In my case, the usb value
works fine. I'm using the USBASP programmer with macOS.
$ PORT=usb make burn
avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
avrdude: AVR device initialized and ready to accept instructions
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.00s
avrdude: Device signature = 0x1e910a (probably t2313)
avrdude: NOTE: "flash" memory has been specified, an erase cycle will be performed
To disable this feature, specify the -D option.
avrdude: erasing chip
avrdude: warning: cannot set sck period. please check for usbasp firmware update.
avrdude: reading input file "output/main.hex"
avrdude: writing flash (68 bytes):
Writing | ################################################## | 100% 0.10s
avrdude: 68 bytes of flash written
avrdude: verifying flash memory against output/main.hex:
avrdude: load data flash data from input file output/main.hex:
avrdude: input file output/main.hex contains 68 bytes
avrdude: reading on-chip flash data:
Reading | ################################################## | 100% 0.06s
avrdude: verifying ...
avrdude: 68 bytes of flash verified
avrdude: safemode: Fuses OK (E:FF, H:DF, L:64)
avrdude done. Thank you.