Upgrade rand, rand_core, and rand_chacha crates

[stevenengler]

This PR replaces #1054, #1055, #1061 since all of these packages need to be upgraded simultaneously.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #1062 (453d510) into dev (931e067) will increase coverage by 0.04%.
The diff coverage is n/a.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##              dev    #1062      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   55.02%   55.07%   +0.04%     
==========================================
  Files         127      127              
  Lines       19246    19235      -11     
  Branches     4595     4590       -5     
==========================================
+ Hits        10591    10593       +2     
+ Misses       5884     5870      -14     
- Partials     2771     2772       +1     

Flag	Coverage Δ
tests	55.07% <ø> (+0.04%)	⬆️

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Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
src/test/pthreads/test_pthreads.c	41.71% <0.00%> (-0.58%)	⬇️
src/support/logger/rust_bindings/src/lib.rs	31.87% <0.00%> (-0.08%)	⬇️
.../main/core/scheduler/scheduler_policy_host_steal.c	82.06% <0.00%> (+0.38%)	⬆️
src/main/host/thread_ptrace.c	66.61% <0.00%> (+0.87%)	⬆️

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[stevenengler]

(This is ready for review, but I'll wait until January before I assign it to anyone.)

[robgjansen]

Pretty simple version bumps :)