Config.php

<?php

/**
 * The configuration system works like this:
 *
 * Each class has a set of named properties
 *
 * Each named property can contain either
 *
 * - An array
 * - A non-array value
 *
 * If the value is an array, each value in the array may also be one of those 
 * three types.
 *
 * A property can have a value specified in multiple locations, each of which 
 * have a hard coded or explicit priority. We combine all these values together 
 * into a "composite" value using rules that depend on the priority order of 
 * the locations to give the final value, using these rules:
 *
 * - If the value is an array, each array is added to the _beginning_ of the 
 *	composite array in ascending priority order. If a higher priority item has 
 *	a non-integer key which is the same as a lower priority item, the value of
 * 	those items  is merged using these same rules, and the result of the merge 
 *	is located in the same location the higher priority item would be if there 
 *	was no key clash. Other than in this key-clash situation, within the
 * 	particular array, order is preserved.
 *
 * - If the value is not an array, the highest priority value is used without 
 *	any attempt to merge.
 *
 * It is an error to have mixed types of the same named property in different 
 * locations (but an error will not necessarily be raised due to optimizations 
 * in the lookup code).
 *
 * The exception to this is "false-ish" values - empty arrays, empty strings, 
 * etc. When merging a non-false-ish value with a false-ish value, the result 
 * will be the non-false-ish value regardless of priority. When merging two
 * false-ish values the result will be the higher priority false-ish value.
 *
 * The locations that configuration values are taken from in highest -> lowest 
 * priority order.
 *
 * - Any values set via a call to Config#update.
 *
 * - The configuration values taken from the YAML files in _config directories 
 *	(internally sorted in before / after order, where the item that is latest 
 *	is highest priority).
 *
 * - Any static set on an "additional static source" class (such as an 
 *	extension) named the same as the name of the property.
 *
 * - Any static set on the class named the same as the name of the property.
 *
 * - The composite configuration value of the parent class of this class.
 *
 * At some of these levels you can also set masks. These remove values from the 
 * composite value at their priority point rather than add. They are much 
 * simpler. They consist of a list of key / value pairs. When applied against 
 * the current composite value:
 *
 * - If the composite value is a sequential array, any member of that array 
 *	that matches any value in the mask is removed.
 *
 * - If the composite value is an associative array, any member of that array 
 *	that matches both the key and value of any pair in the mask is removed.
 *
 * - If the composite value is not an array, if that value matches any value 
 * in the mask it is removed.
 *
 * @package framework
 * @subpackage core
 */
class Config {

	/**
	 * A marker instance for the "anything" singleton value. Don't access 
	 * directly, even in-class, always use self::anything()
	 *
	 * @var Object
	 */
	private static $_anything = null;

	/**
	 * Get a marker class instance that is used to do a "remove anything with 
	 * this key" by adding $key => Config::anything() to the suppress array
	 * 
	 * @return Object
	 */
	public static function anything() {
		if (self::$_anything === null) {
			self::$_anything = new stdClass();
		}

		return self::$_anything;
	}

	// -- Source options bitmask --

	/**
	 * source options bitmask value - merge all parent configuration in as 
	 * lowest priority.
	 *
	 * @const
	 */
	const INHERITED = 0;

	/**
	 * source options bitmask value - only get configuration set for this 
	 * specific class, not any of it's parents.
	 *
	 * @const
	 */
	const UNINHERITED = 1;

	/**
	 * source options bitmask value - inherit, but stop on the first class 
	 * that actually provides a value (event an empty value).
	 *
	 * @const
	 */
	const FIRST_SET = 2;

	/** 
	 * @const source options bitmask value - do not use additional statics 
	 * sources (such as extension) 
	 */
	const EXCLUDE_EXTRA_SOURCES = 4;

	// -- get_value_type response enum --

	/**
	 * Return flag for get_value_type indicating value is a scalar (or really 
	 * just not-an-array, at least ATM)
	 *
	 * @const
	 */
	const ISNT_ARRAY = 1;

	/**
	 * Return flag for get_value_type indicating value is an array.
	 * @const
	 */
	const IS_ARRAY = 2;

	/**
	 * Get whether the value is an array or not. Used to be more complicated, 
	 * but still nice sugar to have an enum to compare and not just a true /
	 * false value.
	 *
	 * @param $val any - The value
	 *
	 * @return int - One of ISNT_ARRAY or IS_ARRAY
	 */
	protected static function get_value_type($val) {
		if (is_array($val)) {
			return self::IS_ARRAY;
		}

		return self::ISNT_ARRAY;
	}

	/**
	 * What to do if there's a type mismatch.
	 *
	 * @throws UnexpectedValueException
	 */
	protected static function type_mismatch() {
		throw new UnexpectedValueException('Type mismatch in configuration. All values for a particular property must'
			. ' contain the same type (or no value at all).');
	}

	/**
	 * @todo If we can, replace next static & static methods with DI once that's in 
	 */
	protected static $instance;

	/**
	 * Get the current active Config instance.
	 *
	 * Configs should not normally be manually created.
	 *
	 * In general use you will use this method to obtain the current Config 
	 * instance.
	 *
	 * @return Config
	 */
	public static function inst() {
		if (!self::$instance) {
			self::$instance = new Config();
		}

		return self::$instance;
	}

	/**
	 * Set the current active {@link Config} instance.
	 *
	 * {@link Config} objects should not normally be manually created.
	 *
	 * A use case for replacing the active configuration set would be for 
	 * creating an isolated environment for unit tests.
	 *
	 * @param Config $instance New instance of Config to assign
	 * @return Config Reference to new active Config instance
	 */
	public static function set_instance($instance) {
		self::$instance = $instance;

		global $_SINGLETONS;
		$_SINGLETONS['Config'] = $instance;
		return $instance;
	}

	/**
	 * Make the newly active {@link Config} be a copy of the current active 
	 * {@link Config} instance.
	 *
	 * You can then make changes to the configuration by calling update and 
	 * remove on the new value returned by {@link Config::inst()}, and then discard 
	 * those changes later by calling unnest.
	 * 
	 * @return Config Reference to new active Config instance
	 */
	public static function nest() {
		$current = self::$instance;

		$new = clone $current;
		$new->nestedFrom = $current;
		return self::set_instance($new);
	}

	/**
	 * Change the active Config back to the Config instance the current active 
	 * Config object was copied from.
	 * 
	 * @return Config Reference to new active Config instance
	 */
	public static function unnest() {
		return self::set_instance(self::$instance->nestedFrom);
	}

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $cache;

	/**
	 * Each copy of the Config object need's it's own cache, so changes don't 
	 * leak through to other instances.
	 */
	public function __construct() {
		$this->cache = new Config_LRU();
	}

	public function __clone() {
		$this->cache = clone $this->cache;
	}

	/** 
	 * @var Config - The config instance this one was copied from when 
	 * Config::nest() was called.
	 */
	protected $nestedFrom = null;

	/** 
	 * @var array - Array of arrays. Each member is an nested array keyed as 
	 * $class => $name => $value, where value is a config value to treat as 
	 * the highest priority item.
	 */
	protected $overrides = array();

	/** 
	 * @var array $suppresses Array of arrays. Each member is an nested array 
	 * keyed as $class => $name => $value, where value is a config value suppress 
	 * from any lower priority item.
	 */
	protected $suppresses = array();

	/**
	 * @var array
	 */
	protected $staticManifests = array();

	/**
	 * @param SS_ConfigStaticManifest
	 */
	public function pushConfigStaticManifest(SS_ConfigStaticManifest $manifest) {
		array_unshift($this->staticManifests, $manifest);
		
		$this->cache->clean();
	}

	/** @var [array] - The list of settings pulled from config files to search through */
	protected $manifests = array();

	/**
	 * Add another manifest to the list of config manifests to search through.
	 *
	 * WARNING: Config manifests to not merge entries, and do not solve before/after rules inter-manifest -
	 * instead, the last manifest to be added always wins
	 */
	public function pushConfigYamlManifest(SS_ConfigManifest $manifest) {
		array_unshift($this->manifests, $manifest);

		// Now that we've got another yaml config manifest we need to clean the cache
		$this->cache->clean();
		// We also need to clean the cache if the manifest's calculated config values change
		$manifest->registerChangeCallback(array($this->cache, 'clean'));

		// @todo: Do anything with these. They're for caching after config.php has executed
		$this->collectConfigPHPSettings = true;
		$this->configPHPIsSafe = false;

		$manifest->activateConfig();

		$this->collectConfigPHPSettings = false;
	}

	/** @var [Config_ForClass] - The list of Config_ForClass instances, keyed off class */
	static protected $for_class_instances = array();

	/**
	 * Get an accessor that returns results by class by default.
	 *
	 * Shouldn't be overridden, since there might be many Config_ForClass instances already held in the wild. Each
	 * Config_ForClass instance asks the current_instance of Config for the actual result, so override that instead
	 *
	 * @param $class
	 * @return Config_ForClass
	 */
	public function forClass($class) {
		if (isset(self::$for_class_instances[$class])) {
			return self::$for_class_instances[$class];
		}
		else {
			return self::$for_class_instances[$class] = new Config_ForClass($class);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Merge a lower priority associative array into an existing higher priority associative array, as per the class
	 * docblock rules
	 *
	 * It is assumed you've already checked that you've got two associative arrays, not scalars or sequential arrays
	 *
	 * @param $dest array - The existing high priority associative array
	 * @param $src array - The low priority associative array to merge in
	 */
	public static function merge_array_low_into_high(&$dest, $src) {
		foreach ($src as $k => $v) {
			if (!$v) {
				continue;
			}
			else if (is_int($k)) {
				$dest[] = $v;
			}
			else if (isset($dest[$k])) {
				$newType = self::get_value_type($v);
				$currentType = self::get_value_type($dest[$k]);

				// Throw error if types don't match
				if ($currentType !== $newType) self::type_mismatch();

				if ($currentType == self::IS_ARRAY) self::merge_array_low_into_high($dest[$k], $v);
				else continue;
			}
			else {
				$dest[$k] = $v;
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Merge a higher priority assocative array into an existing lower priority associative array, as per the class
	 * docblock rules.
	 *
	 * Much more expensive that the other way around, as there's no way to insert an associative k/v pair into an
	 * array at the top of the array
	 *
	 * @static
	 * @param $dest array - The existing low priority associative array
	 * @param $src array - The high priority array to merge in
	 */
	public static function merge_array_high_into_low(&$dest, $src) {
		$res = $src;
		self::merge_array_low_into_high($res, $dest);
		$dest = $res;
	}

	public static function merge_high_into_low(&$result, $value) {
		$newType = self::get_value_type($value);

		if (!$result) {
			$result = $value;
		}
		else {
			$currentType = self::get_value_type($result);
			if ($currentType !== $newType) self::type_mismatch();

			if ($currentType == self::ISNT_ARRAY) $result = $value;
			else self::merge_array_high_into_low($result, $value);
		}
	}

	public static function merge_low_into_high(&$result, $value, $suppress) {
		$newType = self::get_value_type($value);

		if ($suppress) {
			if ($newType == self::IS_ARRAY) {
				$value = self::filter_array_by_suppress_array($value, $suppress);
				if (!$value) return;
			}
			else {
				if (self::check_value_contained_in_suppress_array($value, $suppress)) return;
			}
		}

		if (!$result) {
			$result = $value;
		}
		else {
			$currentType = self::get_value_type($result);
			if ($currentType !== $newType) self::type_mismatch();

			if ($currentType == self::ISNT_ARRAY) return; // PASS
			else self::merge_array_low_into_high($result, $value);
		}
	}

	public static function check_value_contained_in_suppress_array($v, $suppresses) {
		foreach ($suppresses as $suppress) {
			list($sk, $sv) = $suppress;
			if ($sv === self::anything() || $v == $sv) return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	static protected function check_key_or_value_contained_in_suppress_array($k, $v, $suppresses) {
		foreach ($suppresses as $suppress) {
			list($sk, $sv) = $suppress;
			if (($sk === self::anything() || $k == $sk) && ($sv === self::anything() || $v == $sv)) return true;
		}
		return false;
	}

	static protected function filter_array_by_suppress_array($array, $suppress) {
		$res = array();

		foreach ($array as $k => $v) {
			$suppressed = self::check_key_or_value_contained_in_suppress_array($k, $v, $suppress);

			if (!$suppressed) {
				if (is_numeric($k)) $res[] = $v;
				else $res[$k] = $v;
			}
		}

		return $res;
	}

	protected $extraConfigSources = array();

	public function extraConfigSourcesChanged($class) {
		unset($this->extraConfigSources[$class]);
		$this->cache->clean("__{$class}");
	}

	protected function getUncached($class, $name, $sourceOptions, &$result, $suppress, &$tags) {
		$tags[] = "__{$class}";
		$tags[] = "__{$class}__{$name}";

		// If result is already not something to merge into, just return it
		if ($result !== null && !is_array($result)) return $result;

		// First, look through the override values
		foreach($this->overrides as $k => $overrides) {
			if (isset($overrides[$class][$name])) {
				$value = $overrides[$class][$name];

				self::merge_low_into_high($result, $value, $suppress);
				if ($result !== null && !is_array($result)) return $result;
			}

			if (isset($this->suppresses[$k][$class][$name])) {
				$suppress = $suppress 
					? array_merge($suppress, $this->suppresses[$k][$class][$name]) 
					: $this->suppresses[$k][$class][$name];
			}
		}

		$value = $nothing = null;

		// Then the manifest values
		foreach($this->manifests as $manifest) {
			$value = $manifest->get($class, $name, $nothing);
			if ($value !== $nothing) {
				self::merge_low_into_high($result, $value, $suppress);
				if ($result !== null && !is_array($result)) return $result;
			}
		}

		$sources = array($class);

		// Include extensions only if not flagged not to, and some have been set
		if (($sourceOptions & self::EXCLUDE_EXTRA_SOURCES) != self::EXCLUDE_EXTRA_SOURCES) {
			// If we don't have a fresh list of extra sources, get it from the class itself
			if (!array_key_exists($class, $this->extraConfigSources)) {
				$this->extraConfigSources[$class] = Object::get_extra_config_sources($class);
			}

			// Update $sources with any extra sources
			$extraSources = $this->extraConfigSources[$class];
			if ($extraSources) $sources = array_merge($sources, $extraSources);
		}

		$value = $nothing = null;

		foreach ($sources as $staticSource) {
			if (is_array($staticSource)) {
				$value = isset($staticSource[$name]) ? $staticSource[$name] : $nothing;
			}
			else {
				foreach ($this->staticManifests as $i => $statics) {
					$value = $statics->get($staticSource, $name, $nothing);
					if ($value !== $nothing) break;
				}
			}

			if ($value !== $nothing) {
				self::merge_low_into_high($result, $value, $suppress);
				if ($result !== null && !is_array($result)) return $result;
			}
		}

		// Finally, merge in the values from the parent class
		if (
			($sourceOptions & self::UNINHERITED) != self::UNINHERITED &&
			(($sourceOptions & self::FIRST_SET) != self::FIRST_SET || $result === null)
		) {
			$parent = get_parent_class($class);
			if ($parent) $this->getUncached($parent, $name, $sourceOptions, $result, $suppress, $tags);
		}

		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the config value associated for a given class and property
	 *
	 * This merges all current sources and overrides together to give final value
	 * todo: Currently this is done every time. This function is an inner loop function, so we really need to be
	 * caching heavily here.
	 *
	 * @param $class string - The name of the class to get the value for
	 * @param $name string - The property to get the value for
	 * @param int $sourceOptions Bitmask which can be set to some combintain of Config::UNINHERITED,
	 *                           Config::FIRST_SET, and Config::EXCLUDE_EXTENSIONS.
	 *
	 *   Config::UNINHERITED does not include parent classes when merging configuration fragments
	 *   Config::FIRST_SET stops inheriting once the first class that sets a value (even an empty value) is encoutered
	 *   Config::EXCLUDE_EXTRA_SOURCES does not include any additional static sources (such as extensions)
	 *
	 *   Config::INHERITED is a utility constant that can be used to mean "none of the above", equvilient to 0
	 *   Setting both Config::UNINHERITED and Config::FIRST_SET behaves the same as just Config::UNINHERITED
	 *
	 * should the parent classes value be merged in as the lowest priority source?
	 * @param $result array|scalar Reference to a variable to put the result in. Also returned, so this can be left
	 *                             as null safely. If you do pass a value, it will be treated as the highest priority
	 *                             value in the result chain
	 * @param $suppress array Internal use when called by child classes. Array of mask pairs to filter value by
	 * @return array|scalar The value of the config item, or null if no value set. Could be an associative array,
	 *                      sequential array or scalar depending on value (see class docblock)
	 */
	public function get($class, $name, $sourceOptions = 0, &$result = null, $suppress = null) {
		// Have we got a cached value? Use it if so
		$key = $class.$name.$sourceOptions;

		if (($result = $this->cache->get($key)) === false) {
			$tags = array();
			$result = null;
			$this->getUncached($class, $name, $sourceOptions, $result, $suppress, $tags);
			$this->cache->set($key, $result, $tags);
		}

		return $result;
	}

	/**
	 * Update a configuration value
	 *
	 * Configuration is modify only. The value passed is merged into the existing configuration. If you want to
	 * replace the current array value, you'll need to call remove first.
	 *
	 * @param $class string - The class to update a configuration value for
	 * @param $name string - The configuration property name to update
	 * @param $value any - The value to update with
	 *
	 * Arrays are recursively merged into current configuration as "latest" - for associative arrays the passed value
	 * replaces any item with the same key, for sequential arrays the items are placed at the end of the array, for
	 * non-array values, this value replaces any existing value
	 *
	 * You will get an error if you try and override array values with non-array values or vice-versa
	 */
	public function update($class, $name, $val) {
		if(is_null($val)) {
			$this->remove($class, $name);
		} else {
			if (!isset($this->overrides[0][$class])) $this->overrides[0][$class] = array();

			if (!array_key_exists($name, $this->overrides[0][$class])) {
				$this->overrides[0][$class][$name] = $val;
			} else {
				self::merge_high_into_low($this->overrides[0][$class][$name], $val);
			}
		}

		$this->cache->clean("__{$class}__{$name}");
	}

	/**
	 * Remove a configuration value
	 *
	 * You can specify a key, a key and a value, or neither. Either argument can be Config::anything(), which is
	 * what is defaulted to if you don't specify something
	 *
	 * This removes any current configuration value that matches the key and/or value specified
	 *
	 * Works like this:
	 *   - Check the current override array, and remove any values that match the arguments provided
	 *   - Keeps track of the arguments passed to this method, and in get filters everything _except_ the current
	 *     override array to exclude any match
	 *
	 * This way we can re-set anything removed by a call to this function by calling set. Because the current override
	 * array is only filtered immediately on calling this remove method, that value will then be exposed. However,
	 * every other source is filtered on request, so no amount of changes to parent's configuration etc can override a
	 * remove call.
	 *
	 * @param $class string - The class to remove a configuration value from
	 * @param $name string - The configuration name
	 * @param $key any - An optional key to filter against.
	 *   If referenced config value is an array, only members of that array that match this key will be removed
	 *   Must also match value if provided to be removed
	 * @param $value any - And optional value to filter against.
	 *   If referenced config value is an array, only members of that array that match this value will be removed
	 *   If referenced config value is not an array, value will be removed only if it matches this argument
	 *   Must also match key if provided and referenced config value is an array to be removed
	 *
	 * Matching is always by "==", not by "==="
	 */
	public function remove($class, $name /*,$key = null*/ /*,$value = null*/) {
		$argc = func_num_args();
		$key = $argc > 2 ? func_get_arg(2) : self::anything();
		$value = $argc > 3 ? func_get_arg(3) : self::anything();

		$suppress = array($key, $value);

		if (isset($this->overrides[0][$class][$name])) {
			$value = $this->overrides[0][$class][$name];

			if (is_array($value)) {
				$this->overrides[0][$class][$name] = self::filter_array_by_suppress_array($value, array($suppress));
			}
			else {
				if (self::check_value_contained_in_suppress_array($value, array($suppress))) {
					unset($this->overrides[0][$class][$name]);
				}
			}
		}

		if (!isset($this->suppresses[0][$class])) $this->suppresses[0][$class] = array();
		if (!isset($this->suppresses[0][$class][$name])) $this->suppresses[0][$class][$name] = array();

		$this->suppresses[0][$class][$name][] = $suppress;

		$this->cache->clean("__{$class}__{$name}");
	}

}

/**
 * @package framework
 * @subpackage core
 */
class Config_LRU {
	const SIZE = 1000;

	protected $cache;
	protected $indexing;

	protected $i = 0;
	protected $c = 0;

	public function __construct() {
		if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.7', '<')) {
			// SplFixedArray causes seg faults before PHP 5.3.7
			$this->cache = array();
		}
		else {
			$this->cache = new SplFixedArray(self::SIZE);
		}

		// Pre-fill with stdClass instances. By reusing we avoid object-thrashing
		for ($i = 0; $i < self::SIZE; $i++) {
			$this->cache[$i] = new stdClass();
			$this->cache[$i]->key = null;
		}

		$this->indexing = array();
	}

	public function __clone() {
		if (version_compare(PHP_VERSION, '5.3.7', '<')) {
			// SplFixedArray causes seg faults before PHP 5.3.7
			$cloned = array();
		}
		else {
			$cloned = new SplFixedArray(self::SIZE);
		}
		for ($i = 0; $i < self::SIZE; $i++) {
			$cloned[$i] = clone $this->cache[$i];
		}
		$this->cache = $cloned;
	}

	public function set($key, $val, $tags = array()) {
		// Find an index to set at
		$replacing = null;

		// Target count - not always the lowest, but guaranteed to exist (or hit an empty item)
		$target = $this->c - self::SIZE + 1;
		$i = $stop = $this->i;
		
		do {
			if (!($i--)) $i = self::SIZE-1;
			$item = $this->cache[$i];

			if ($item->key === null) { $replacing = null; break; }
			else if ($item->c <= $target) { $replacing = $item; break; }
		}
		while ($i != $stop);

		if ($replacing) unset($this->indexing[$replacing->key]);

		$this->indexing[$key] = $this->i = $i;

		$obj = $this->cache[$i];
		$obj->key = $key;
		$obj->value = $val;
		$obj->tags = $tags;
		$obj->c = ++$this->c;
	}

	private $hit = 0;
	private $miss = 0;

	public function stats() {
		return $this->miss ? ($this->hit / $this->miss) : 0;
	}

	public function get($key) {
		if (isset($this->indexing[$key])) {
			$this->hit++;

			$res = $this->cache[$this->indexing[$key]];
			$res->c = ++$this->c;
			return $res->value;
		}

		$this->miss++;
		return false;
	}

	public function clean($tag = null) {
		if ($tag) {
			foreach ($this->cache as $i => $v) {
				if ($v->key !== null && in_array($tag, $v->tags)) {
					unset($this->indexing[$v->key]);
					$this->cache[$i]->key = null;
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			for ($i = 0; $i < self::SIZE; $i++) $this->cache[$i]->key = null;
			$this->indexing = array();
		}
	}
}

/**
 * @package framework
 * @subpackage core
 */
class Config_ForClass {

	/**
	 * @var string $class
	 */
	protected $class;

	/**
	 * @param string $class
	 */
	public function __construct($class) {
		$this->class = $class;
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $name
	 */
	public function __get($name) {
		return Config::inst()->get($this->class, $name);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $name
	 * @param mixed $val
	 */
	public function __set($name, $val) {
		return Config::inst()->update($this->class, $name, $val);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string $name
	 * @param int $sourceOptions
	 *
	 * @return array|scalar
	 */
	public function get($name, $sourceOptions = 0) {
		return Config::inst()->get($this->class, $name, $sourceOptions);
	}

	/**
	 * @param string
	 *
	 * @return Config_ForClass
	 */
	public function forClass($class) {
		return Config::inst()->forClass($class);
	}
}