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Contributing

Quick start 🚀

pnpm install
pnpm start

Development

  • pnpm start - start the H5Web stand-alone demo
  • pnpm start:storybook - start the component library's Storybook documentation site at http://localhost:6006

pnpm v7 cheat sheet

  • pnpm install - install the dependencies of every project in the workspace and of the workspace itself
  • pnpm --filter <project-name> add [-D] <pkg-name> - add a dependency to a project in the workspace
  • pnpm [run] <script> [--<arg>] - run a workspace script
  • pnpm [run] --filter {packages/*} [--parallel] <script> [--<arg>] - run a script in every project in the packages folder
  • pnpm [exec] <binary> - run a binary located in node_modules/.bin (equivalent to npx <pkg-name> for a package installed in the workspace)
  • pnpx <pkg-name> - fetch a package from the registry and run its default command binary (equivalent to npx <pkg-name>)
  • pnpm why -r <pkg-name> - show all project and packages that depend on the specified package
  • pnpm outdated -r - list outdated dependencies in the workspace
  • pnpm up -rL <pkg-name> - update a package to the latest version in every project

Dependency management

  1. Run pnpm outdated -r to list dependencies that can be upgraded.
  2. Read the changelogs and release notes of the dependencies you'd like to upgrade. Look for potential breaking changes, and for bug fixes and new features that may help improve the codebase.
  3. Run pnpm up -rL <pkg-name> to update a dependency to the latest version in all projects. Alternatively, you can either replace -r with --filter to target specific projects, or edit the relevant package.json file(s) manually and run pnpm install (but make sure to specify an exact dependency version rather than a range - i.e. don't prefix the version with a caret or a tilde).

Beware of the following versioning requirements:

  • The major version number of @types/node must match the version of Node specified in the engine field of package.json.
  • The major version numbers of DefinitelyTyped packages must match the major version numbers of their corresponding dependencies (e.g. @types/jest@27 for jest@27).

Note that pnpm offers multiple solutions for dealing with peer dependency version conflicts and other package resolution issues: pnpm.overrides, pnpm.packageExtensions peerDependenciesMeta, .pnpmfile.cjs.

pnpm.overrides is currently used to force the version of ESLint to the one required by eslint-config-galex. This is needed because, in the demo project, vite-plugin-eslint depends on an older version of ESLint.

Workspace dependencies

To reference a workspace dependency, use pnpm's workspace protocol with the * alias - e.g. "@h5web/lib": "workspace:*". This tells pnpm to link the dependency to its corresponding workspace folder, and saves you from having to keep the version of the dependency up to date. During publishing, pnpm automatically replaces workspace:* with the correct version.

A workspace dependency's package.json must include a main field pointing to the dependency's source entry file - e.g. src/index.ts. This is the key to this monorepo set-up, as it avoids having to run watch tasks in separate terminals to automatically rebuild dependencies during development.

Obviously, a package's main field cannot point to its source TypeScript entry file once published, as consumers may not understand TypeScript. Additionally, package.json needs to point to more entry files (type declarations, ESM build, etc.) and do so in a way that is compatible with various toolchains (webpack 4, webpack 5, Parcel, Rollup, Vite, CRA, etc.) pnpm provides a nice solution to this problem in the form of the publishConfig field.

Icon set

H5Web uses the Feather icon set. Icons can be imported as React components from react-icons/fi.

Build

  • pnpm build - build the H5Web stand-alone demo
  • pnpm build:storybook - build the component library's Storybook documentation site
  • pnpm serve - serve the built demo at http://localhost:3000
  • pnpm serve:storybook - serve the built Storybook at http://localhost:6006
  • pnpm packages - build packages (cf. details below)

Package builds

The build process of @h5web/lib works as follows:

  1. First, Vite builds the JS bundles (ESM and CommonJS) in library mode starting from the package's entrypoint: src/index.ts. The bundles are placed in the output dist directory and referenced from package.json.

    The JS build also generates a file called style.css in the dist folder that contains the compiled CSS modules that Vite comes across while building the React components. These styles are called "local" styles.

  2. Second, we run two scripts in parallel: build:css and build:dts.

    • The job of build:css is to build the package's global styles and concatenate them with the local styles compiled at the first step. To do so, we run Vite again but with a different config: vite.styles.config.js, and a different entrypoint: src/styles.ts. The output files are placed in a temporary folder: dist/temp. We then concatenate dist/temp/style.css (the global styles) and dist/style.css (the local styles) and output the result to dist/styles.css, which is the stylesheet referenced from package.json that consumers need to import.
    • The job of build:dts is to generate type declarations for package consumers who use TypeScript. This is a two step process: first we generate type declarations for all TS files in the dist-ts folder with tsc, then we use Rollup to merge all the declarations into a single file: dist/index.d.ts, which is referenced from package.json. Note that since @h5web/shared is not a published package, it cannot be marked as an external dependency; its types must therefore be inlined into dist/index.d.ts, so we make sure to tell Rollup where to find them.

The build process of @h5web/app is the same with one exception: in addition to importing the package's global styles, src/styles.ts also imports the lib package's distributed styles - i.e. the output of the lib's build:css script. The lib's distributed styles include both its global and local styles. This allows us to provide a single CSS bundle for consumers of @h5web/app to import.

The build process of@h5web/h5wasm is also the same as the lib's, but since the package does not include any styles, vite build does not generate a style.css file and there's not build:css script.

Finally, since @h5web/shared is not a published package, it does not need to be built with Vite. However, its types do need to be built with tsc so that other packages can inline them in their own dist/index.d.ts.

Code quality

  • pnpm prettier - check that all files in the workspace have been formatted with Prettier
  • pnpm lint - lint and type-check every project in the workspace with ESLint and TypeScript, as well as the workspace root and cypress folder
  • pnpm lint:eslint - lint every project with ESLint
  • pnpm lint:tsc - type-check every project with TypeScript
  • pnpm [--filter <project-name|{folder/*}>] lint:eslint - lint specific projects
  • pnpm [--filter <project-name|{folder/*}>] lint:tsc - type-check specific projects
  • pnpm --filter @h5web/<lib|app> analyze - analyze a package's bundle (run only after building the package)

Fixing and formatting

  • pnpm prettier --write - format all files with Prettier
  • pnpm lint:eslint --fix - auto-fix linting issues in every project
  • pnpm [--filter <project-name|{folder/*}>] lint:eslint --fix - auto-fix linting issues in specific projects

Editor integration

Most editors support fixing and formatting files automatically on save. The configuration for VSCode is provided out of the box, so all you need to do is install the recommended extensions.

Testing

  • pnpm test - run unit and feature tests with Jest
  • pnpm test --watch - run tests related to changed files in watch mode
  • pnpm test --watchAll - run all tests in watch mode
  • pnpm --filter <project-name> test - run Jest in a specific project
  • pnpm cypress - open the Cypress end-to-end test runner (local dev server must be running in separate terminal)
  • pnpm cypress:run - run end-to-end tests once (local dev server must be running in separate terminal)

Note that the workspace's test script doesn't recursively run the test script in every project like (i.e. it is not equivalent to pnpm -r test). Instead, it runs Jest globally using a projects configuration located in jest.config.json. This results in a nicer terminal output when running tests on the entire workspace.

Visual regression

Cypress is used for end-to-end testing but also for visual regression testing. The idea is to take a screenshot (or "snapshot") of the app in a known state and compare it with a previously approved "reference snapshot". If any pixel has changed, the test fails and a diff image highlighting the differences is created.

Taking consistent screenshots across platforms is impossible because the exact rendering of the app depends on the GPU. For this reason, visual regression tests are run only on the CI. This is done through an environment variable called CYPRESS_TAKE_SNAPSHOTS.

Visual regression tests may fail in the CI, either expectedly (e.g. when implementing a new feature) or unexpectedly (when detecting a regression). When this happens, the diff images and debug screenshots that Cypress generates are uploaded as artifacts of the workflow, which can be downloaded and reviewed.

If the visual regressions are expected, the version-controlled reference snapshots can be updated by posting a comment in the Pull Request with this exact text: /approve. This triggers the Approve snapshots workflow, which runs Cypress again but this time telling it to update the reference snapshots when it finds differences and to pass the tests. Once Cypress has updated the reference snapshots, the workflow automatically opens a PR to merge the new and/or updated snapshots into the working branch. After this PR is merged, the visual regression tests in the working branch succeed and the branch can be merged into main.

Here is the summarised workflow (also described with screenshots in PR #306):

  1. Push your working branch and open a PR.
  2. If the e2e job of the Lint & Test CI workflow fails, check out the logs.
  3. If the fail is caused by a visual regression (i.e. if a test fails on a cy.matchImageSnapshot() call), download the workflow's artifacts.
  4. Review the snapshot diffs. If the visual regression is unexpected: fix the bug, push it and start from step 2 again. If the visual regression is expected: continue to step 5.
  5. In the PR, post a comment with /approve.
  6. Go to the Actions page and wait for the Approve snapshots workflow to complete.
  7. Go to the newly opened PR titled Update Cypress reference snapshots.
  8. Review the new reference snapshots once more and merge the PR.
  9. Go back to your main PR and wait for the jobs of the Lint & Test workflow to succeed.

Deployment

Release process

To release a new version and publish the packages to NPM:

  1. Check out main and pull the latest changes.
  2. Make sure your working tree doesn't have uncommitted changes and that the latest commit on main has passed the CI.
  3. Run pnpm version [ patch | minor | major | <new-version> ]

This command bumps the version number in the workspace's package.json, commits the change and then tags the commit with the same version number. The postversion script then runs automatically and pushes the new commit and the new tag to the remote repository. This, in turn, triggers the Release workflow on the CI, which builds and publishes the packages to NPM (with pnpm publish) and deploys the Storybook site.

Once the Release workflow has completed:

  • Make sure the new package versions are available on NPM and that the live Storybook site still works as expected.
  • Upgrade and test the packages in apps and code sandboxes, as required.
  • Write and publish release notes on GitHub.

Beta testing

The beta release process described below allows publishing packages to NPM with the next tag (instead of the default latest tag) so they can be beta-tested before the official release.

  1. Follow steps 1 and 2 of the normal release process.
  2. At step 3, run pnpm version <x.y.z-beta.0> (incrementing the beta version number as needed).

The CI will then build and deploy the packages with pnpm publish --tag next. Once the Release workflow has completed, check that the beta packages have been published with the correct tag by running npm dist-tag ls @h5web/lib. This command should print something like:

latest: <a.b.c>
next: <x.y.z>-beta.0

You can then install the beta packages with npm install @h5web/lib@next or the like and make sure that they work as expected. Once you're done testing, follow the normal release process, making sure to run pnpm version <x.y.z> at step 3 (without the beta suffix).

Once the release process has completed, you can remove the next tag from the obsolete beta packages by running npm dist-tag rm @h5web/lib@<x.y.z>-beta.0 next