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<div class='toc'>
<ol class='level-1'>
<li><a href='#Routes'>Routes</a></li>
<li><a href='#Conditions'>Conditions</a></li>
<li><a href='#Return%20Values'>Return Values</a></li>
<li><a href='#Custom%20Route%20Matchers'>Custom Route Matchers</a></li>
<li><a href='#Static%20Files'>Static Files</a></li>
<li><a href='#Views%20/%20Templates'>Views / Templates</a></li>
<ol class='level-2'>
<li><a href='#Literal%20Templates'>Literal Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Available%20Template%20Languages'>Available Template Languages</a></li>
<ol class='level-3'>
<li><a href='#Haml%20Templates'>Haml Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Erb%20Templates'>Erb Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Builder%20Templates'>Builder Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Nokogiri%20Templates'>Nokogiri Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Sass%20Templates'>Sass Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#SCSS%20Templates'>SCSS Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Less%20Templates'>Less Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Liquid%20Templates'>Liquid Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Markdown%20Templates'>Markdown Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Textile%20Templates'>Textile Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#RDoc%20Templates'>RDoc Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Radius%20Templates'>Radius Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Markaby%20Templates'>Markaby Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#RABL%20Templates'>RABL Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Slim%20Templates'>Slim Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Creole%20Templates'>Creole Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#CoffeeScript%20Templates'>CoffeeScript Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Stylus%20Templates'>Stylus Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Yajl%20Templates'>Yajl Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#WLang%20Templates'>WLang Templates</a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href='#Accessing%20Variables%20in%20Templates'>Accessing Variables in Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Templates%20with%20%3Ccode%3Eyield%3C/code%3E%20and%20nested%20layouts'>Templates with <code>yield</code> and nested layouts</a></li>
<li><a href='#Inline%20Templates'>Inline Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Named%20Templates'>Named Templates</a></li>
<li><a href='#Associating%20File%20Extensions'>Associating File Extensions</a></li>
<li><a href='#Adding%20Your%20Own%20Template%20Engine'>Adding Your Own Template Engine</a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href='#Filters'>Filters</a></li>
<li><a href='#Helpers'>Helpers</a></li>
<ol class='level-2'>
<li><a href='#Using%20Sessions'>Using Sessions</a></li>
<li><a href='#Halting'>Halting</a></li>
<li><a href='#Passing'>Passing</a></li>
<li><a href='#Triggering%20Another%20Route'>Triggering Another Route</a></li>
<li><a href='#Setting%20Body,%20Status%20Code%20and%20Headers'>Setting Body, Status Code and Headers</a></li>
<li><a href='#Streaming%20Responses'>Streaming Responses</a></li>
<li><a href='#Logging'>Logging</a></li>
<li><a href='#Mime%20Types'>Mime Types</a></li>
<li><a href='#Generating%20URLs'>Generating URLs</a></li>
<li><a href='#Browser%20Redirect'>Browser Redirect</a></li>
<li><a href='#Cache%20Control'>Cache Control</a></li>
<li><a href='#Sending%20Files'>Sending Files</a></li>
<li><a href='#Accessing%20the%20Request%20Object'>Accessing the Request Object</a></li>
<li><a href='#Attachments'>Attachments</a></li>
<li><a href='#Dealing%20with%20Date%20and%20Time'>Dealing with Date and Time</a></li>
<li><a href='#Looking%20Up%20Template%20Files'>Looking Up Template Files</a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href='#Configuration'>Configuration</a></li>
<ol class='level-2'>
<li><a href='#Configuring%20attack%20protection'>Configuring attack protection</a></li>
<li><a href='#Available%20Settings'>Available Settings</a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href='#Environments'>Environments</a></li>
<li><a href='#Error%20Handling'>Error Handling</a></li>
<ol class='level-2'>
<li><a href='#Not%20Found'>Not Found</a></li>
<li><a href='#Error'>Error</a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href='#Rack%20Middleware'>Rack Middleware</a></li>
<li><a href='#Testing'>Testing</a></li>
<li><a href='#Sinatra::Base%20-%20Middleware,%20Libraries,%20and%20Modular%20Apps'>Sinatra::Base - Middleware, Libraries, and Modular Apps</a></li>
<ol class='level-2'>
<li><a href='#Modular%20vs.%20Classic%20Style'>Modular vs. Classic Style</a></li>
<li><a href='#Serving%20a%20Modular%20Application'>Serving a Modular Application</a></li>
<li><a href='#Using%20a%20Classic%20Style%20Application%20with%20a%20config.ru'>Using a Classic Style Application with a config.ru</a></li>
<li><a href='#When%20to%20use%20a%20config.ru?'>When to use a config.ru?</a></li>
<li><a href='#Using%20Sinatra%20as%20Middleware'>Using Sinatra as Middleware</a></li>
<li><a href='#Dynamic%20Application%20Creation'>Dynamic Application Creation</a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href='#Scopes%20and%20Binding'>Scopes and Binding</a></li>
<ol class='level-2'>
<li><a href='#Application/Class%20Scope'>Application/Class Scope</a></li>
<li><a href='#Request/Instance%20Scope'>Request/Instance Scope</a></li>
<li><a href='#Delegation%20Scope'>Delegation Scope</a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href='#Command%20Line'>Command Line</a></li>
<li><a href='#Requirement'>Requirement</a></li>
<li><a href='#The%20Bleeding%20Edge'>The Bleeding Edge</a></li>
<ol class='level-2'>
<li><a href='#With%20Bundler'>With Bundler</a></li>
<li><a href='#Roll%20Your%20Own'>Roll Your Own</a></li>
</ol>
<li><a href='#Versioning'>Versioning</a></li>
<li><a href='#Further%20Reading'>Further Reading</a></li>
</ol>
</div>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40/loose.dtd">
<html><body>
<p>Sinatra is a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain-specific_language">DSL</a> for
quickly creating web applications in Ruby with minimal effort:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre><span style="color:#777"># myapp.rb</span>
require <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">sinatra</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">Hello world!</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Install the gem and run with:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>gem install sinatra
ruby myapp.rb
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>View at: http://localhost:4567</p>
<p>It is recommended to also run <code>gem install thin</code>, which Sinatra will
pick up if available.</p>
<a name='Routes'></a>
<h2>Routes</h2>
<p>In Sinatra, a route is an HTTP method paired with a URL-matching pattern.
Each route is associated with a block:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
.. show something ..
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
post <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
.. create something ..
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
put <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
.. replace something ..
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
patch <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
.. modify something ..
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
delete <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
.. annihilate something ..
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
options <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
.. appease something ..
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
link <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
.. affiliate something ..
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
unlink <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
.. separate something ..
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Routes are matched in the order they are defined. The first route that
matches the request is invoked.</p>
<p>Route patterns may include named parameters, accessible via the
<code>params</code> hash:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/hello/:name</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="color:#777"># matches "GET /hello/foo" and "GET /hello/bar"</span>
<span style="color:#777"># params[:name] is 'foo' or 'bar'</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Hello </span><span style="background-color:hsla(0,0%,0%,0.07);color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">#{</span>params[<span style="color:#A60">:name</span>]<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">}</span></span><span style="color:#D20">!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can also access named parameters via block parameters:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/hello/:name</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span> |n|
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Hello </span><span style="background-color:hsla(0,0%,0%,0.07);color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">#{</span>n<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">}</span></span><span style="color:#D20">!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Route patterns may also include splat (or wildcard) parameters, accessible
via the <code>params[:splat]</code> array:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/say/*/to/*</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="color:#777"># matches /say/hello/to/world</span>
params[<span style="color:#A60">:splat</span>] <span style="color:#777"># => ["hello", "world"]</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/download/*.*</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="color:#777"># matches /download/path/to/file.xml</span>
params[<span style="color:#A60">:splat</span>] <span style="color:#777"># => ["path/to/file", "xml"]</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Or with block parameters:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/download/*.*</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span> |path, ext|
[path, ext] <span style="color:#777"># => ["path/to/file", "xml"]</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Route matching with Regular Expressions:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(300,100%,50%,0.06)"><span style="color:#404">%r{</span><span style="color:#808">/hello/([</span><span style="color:#D20">\w</span><span style="color:#808">]+)</span><span style="color:#404">}</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Hello, </span><span style="background-color:hsla(0,0%,0%,0.07);color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">#{</span>params[<span style="color:#A60">:captures</span>].first<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">}</span></span><span style="color:#D20">!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Or with a block parameter:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(300,100%,50%,0.06)"><span style="color:#404">%r{</span><span style="color:#808">/hello/([</span><span style="color:#D20">\w</span><span style="color:#808">]+)</span><span style="color:#404">}</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span> |c|
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Hello, </span><span style="background-color:hsla(0,0%,0%,0.07);color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">#{</span>c<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">}</span></span><span style="color:#D20">!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Route patterns may have optional parameters:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/posts.?:format?</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="color:#777"># matches "GET /posts" and any extension "GET /posts.json", "GET /posts.xml" etc.</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>By the way, unless you disable the path traversal attack protection (see below),
the request path might be modified before matching against your routes.</p>
<a name='Conditions'></a>
<h2>Conditions</h2>
<p>Routes may include a variety of matching conditions, such as the user agent:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/foo</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>, <span style="color:#A60">:agent</span> => <span style="background-color:hsla(300,100%,50%,0.06)"><span style="color:#404">/</span><span style="color:#808">Songbird (</span><span style="color:#D20">\d</span><span style="color:#D20">\.</span><span style="color:#D20">\d</span><span style="color:#808">)[</span><span style="color:#D20">\d</span><span style="color:#D20">\/</span><span style="color:#808">]*?</span><span style="color:#404">/</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">You're using Songbird version </span><span style="background-color:hsla(0,0%,0%,0.07);color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">#{</span>params[<span style="color:#A60">:agent</span>][<span style="color:#00D">0</span>]<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">}</span></span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/foo</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="color:#777"># Matches non-songbird browsers</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Other available conditions are <code>host_name</code> and <code>provides</code>:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>, <span style="color:#A60">:host_name</span> => <span style="background-color:hsla(300,100%,50%,0.06)"><span style="color:#404">/</span><span style="color:#808">^admin</span><span style="color:#D20">\.</span><span style="color:#404">/</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Admin Area, Access denied!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>, <span style="color:#A60">:provides</span> => <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">html</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
haml <span style="color:#A60">:index</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>, <span style="color:#A60">:provides</span> => [<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">rss</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>, <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">atom</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>, <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">xml</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>] <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
builder <span style="color:#A60">:feed</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can easily define your own conditions:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>set(<span style="color:#A60">:probability</span>) { |value| condition { rand <= value } }
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/win_a_car</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>, <span style="color:#A60">:probability</span> => <span style="color:#60E">0.1</span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">You won!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/win_a_car</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Sorry, you lost.</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>For a condition that takes multiple values use a splat:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>set(<span style="color:#A60">:auth</span>) <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span> |*roles| <span style="color:#777"># <- notice the splat here</span>
condition <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">unless</span> logged_in? && roles.any? {|role| current_user.in_role? role }
redirect <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">/login/</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#00D">303</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">/my/account/</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#A60">:auth</span> => [<span style="color:#A60">:user</span>, <span style="color:#A60">:admin</span>] <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Your Account Details</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">/only/admin/</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>, <span style="color:#A60">:auth</span> => <span style="color:#A60">:admin</span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">Only admins are allowed here!</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<a name='Return%20Values'></a>
<h2>Return Values</h2>
<p>The return value of a route block determines at least the response body passed
on to the HTTP client, or at least the next middleware in the Rack stack.
Most commonly, this is a string, as in the above examples. But other values are
also accepted.</p>
<p>You can return any object that would either be a valid Rack response, Rack
body object or HTTP status code:</p>
<ul>
<li>An Array with three elements: <code>[status (Fixnum), headers (Hash), response
body (responds to #each)]</code>
</li>
<li>An Array with two elements: <code>[status (Fixnum), response body (responds to
#each)]</code>
</li>
<li>An object that responds to <code>#each</code> and passes nothing but strings to
the given block</li>
<li>A Fixnum representing the status code</li>
</ul>
<p>That way we can, for instance, easily implement a streaming example:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre><span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">class</span> <span style="color:#B06;font-weight:bold">Stream</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B;font-weight:bold">each</span>
<span style="color:#00D">100</span>.times { |i| <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">yield</span> <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="background-color:hsla(0,0%,0%,0.07);color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">#{</span>i<span style="font-weight:bold;color:#666">}</span></span><span style="color:#b0b">\n</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span> }
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get(<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>) { <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">Stream</span>.new }
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can also use the <code>stream</code> helper method (described below) to reduce boiler
plate and embed the streaming logic in the route.</p>
<a name='Custom%20Route%20Matchers'></a>
<h2>Custom Route Matchers</h2>
<p>As shown above, Sinatra ships with built-in support for using String patterns
and regular expressions as route matches. However, it does not stop there. You
can easily define your own matchers:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre><span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">class</span> <span style="color:#B06;font-weight:bold">AllButPattern</span>
<span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">Match</span> = <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">Struct</span>.new(<span style="color:#A60">:captures</span>)
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B;font-weight:bold">initialize</span>(except)
<span style="color:#33B">@except</span> = except
<span style="color:#33B">@captures</span> = <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">Match</span>.new([])
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B;font-weight:bold">match</span>(str)
<span style="color:#33B">@captures</span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">unless</span> <span style="color:#33B">@except</span> === str
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">def</span> <span style="color:#06B;font-weight:bold">all_but</span>(pattern)
<span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">AllButPattern</span>.new(pattern)
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
get all_but(<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">/index</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>) <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="color:#777"># ...</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Note that the above example might be over-engineered, as it can also be
expressed as:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(300,100%,50%,0.06)"><span style="color:#404">/</span><span style="color:#404">/</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
pass <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">if</span> request.path_info == <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20">/index</span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
<span style="color:#777"># ...</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Or, using negative look ahead:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(300,100%,50%,0.06)"><span style="color:#404">%r{</span><span style="color:#808">^(?!/index$)</span><span style="color:#404">}</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
<span style="color:#777"># ...</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<a name='Static%20Files'></a>
<h2>Static Files</h2>
<p>Static files are served from the <code>./public</code> directory. You can specify
a different location by setting the <code>:public_folder</code> option:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>set <span style="color:#A60">:public_folder</span>, <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">File</span>.dirname(<span style="color:#069">__FILE__</span>) + <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/static</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Note that the public directory name is not included in the URL. A file
<code>./public/css/style.css</code> is made available as
<code>http://example.com/css/style.css</code>.</p>
<p>Use the <code>:static_cache_control</code> setting (see below) to add
<code>Cache-Control</code> header info.</p>
<a name='Views%20/%20Templates'></a>
<h2>Views / Templates</h2>
<p>Each template language is exposed via its own rendering method. These
methods simply return a string:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
erb <span style="color:#A60">:index</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This renders <code>views/index.erb</code>.</p>
<p>Instead of a template name, you can also just pass in the template content
directly:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
code = <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">"</span><span style="color:#D20"><%= Time.now %></span><span style="color:#710">"</span></span>
erb code
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Templates take a second argument, the options hash:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
erb <span style="color:#A60">:index</span>, <span style="color:#A60">:layout</span> => <span style="color:#A60">:post</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>This will render <code>views/index.erb</code> embedded in the
<code>views/post.erb</code> (default is <code>views/layout.erb</code>, if it exists).</p>
<p>Any options not understood by Sinatra will be passed on to the template
engine:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
haml <span style="color:#A60">:index</span>, <span style="color:#A60">:format</span> => <span style="color:#A60">:html5</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>You can also set options per template language in general:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>set <span style="color:#A60">:haml</span>, <span style="color:#A60">:format</span> => <span style="color:#A60">:html5</span>
get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
haml <span style="color:#A60">:index</span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Options passed to the render method override options set via <code>set</code>.</p>
<p>Available Options:</p>
<dl>
<dt>locals</dt>
<dd>
List of locals passed to the document. Handy with partials.
Example: <tt>erb "<%= foo %>", :locals => {:foo => "bar"}</tt>
</dd>
<dt>default_encoding</dt>
<dd>
String encoding to use if uncertain. Defaults to
<tt>settings.default_encoding</tt>.
</dd>
<dt>views</dt>
<dd>
Views folder to load templates from. Defaults to <tt>settings.views</tt>.
</dd>
<dt>layout</dt>
<dd>
Whether to use a layout (<tt>true</tt> or <tt>false</tt>), if it's a Symbol, specifies
what template to use. Example: <tt>erb :index, :layout => !request.xhr?</tt>
</dd>
<dt>content_type</dt>
<dd>
Content-Type the template produces, default depends on template language.
</dd>
<dt>scope</dt>
<dd>
Scope to render template under. Defaults to the application instance. If you
change this, instance variables and helper methods will not be available.
</dd>
<dt>layout_engine</dt>
<dd>
Template engine to use for rendering the layout. Useful for languages that
do not support layouts otherwise. Defaults to the engine used for the
template. Example: <tt>set :rdoc, :layout_engine => :erb</tt>
</dd>
<dt>layout_options</dt>
<dd>
Special options only used for rendering the layout. Example:
<tt>set :rdoc, :layout_options => { :views => 'views/layouts' }</tt>
</dd>
</dl>
<p>Templates are assumed to be located directly under the <code>./views</code> directory. To
use a different views directory:
<tt>set :views, settings.root + ‘/templates’</tt></p>
<p>One important thing to remember is that you always have to reference templates
with symbols, even if they’re in a subdirectory (in this case, use:
<tt>‘subdir/template’</tt>). You must use a symbol because otherwise rendering
methods will render any strings passed to them directly.</p>
<a name='Literal%20Templates'></a>
<h3>Literal Templates</h3>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>get <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">do</span>
haml <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">%div.title Hello World</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>
<span style="color:#080;font-weight:bold">end</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Renders the template string.</p>
<a name='Available%20Template%20Languages'></a>
<h3>Available Template Languages</h3>
<p>Some languages have multiple implementations. To specify what implementation
to use (and to be thread-safe), you should simply require it first:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>require <span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">rdiscount</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span> <span style="color:#777"># or require 'bluecloth'</span>
get(<span style="background-color:hsla(0,100%,50%,0.05)"><span style="color:#710">'</span><span style="color:#D20">/</span><span style="color:#710">'</span></span>) { markdown <span style="color:#A60">:index</span> }
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<a name='Haml%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Haml Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://haml.info/" title="haml">haml</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.haml</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>haml :index, :format => :html5</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name='Erb%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Erb Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td>
<a href="http://www.kuwata-lab.com/erubis/" title="erubis">erubis</a>
or erb (included in Ruby)
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extensions</td>
<td>
<tt>.erb</tt>, <tt>.rhtml</tt> or <tt>.erubis</tt> (Erubis only)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>erb :index</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name='Builder%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Builder Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td>
<a href="http://builder.rubyforge.org/" title="builder">builder</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.builder</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>builder { |xml| xml.em "hi" }</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It also takes a block for inline templates (see example).</p>
<a name='Nokogiri%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Nokogiri Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://nokogiri.org/" title="nokogiri">nokogiri</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.nokogiri</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>nokogiri { |xml| xml.em "hi" }</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It also takes a block for inline templates (see example).</p>
<a name='Sass%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Sass Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://sass-lang.com/" title="sass">sass</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.sass</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>sass :stylesheet, :style => :expanded</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name='SCSS%20Templates'></a>
<h4>SCSS Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://sass-lang.com/" title="sass">sass</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.scss</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>scss :stylesheet, :style => :expanded</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name='Less%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Less Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://www.lesscss.org/" title="less">less</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.less</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>less :stylesheet</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name='Liquid%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Liquid Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://www.liquidmarkup.org/" title="liquid">liquid</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.liquid</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>liquid :index, :locals => { :key => 'value' }</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Since you cannot call Ruby methods (except for <code>yield</code>) from a Liquid
template, you almost always want to pass locals to it.</p>
<a name='Markdown%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Markdown Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td>
Anyone of:
<a href="https://github.com/rtomayko/rdiscount" title="RDiscount">RDiscount</a>,
<a href="https://github.com/vmg/redcarpet" title="RedCarpet">RedCarpet</a>,
<a href="http://deveiate.org/projects/BlueCloth" title="BlueCloth">BlueCloth</a>,
<a href="http://kramdown.rubyforge.org/" title="kramdown">kramdown</a>,
<a href="http://maruku.rubyforge.org/" title="maruku">maruku</a>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extensions</td>
<td>
<tt>.markdown</tt>, <tt>.mkd</tt> and <tt>.md</tt>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>markdown :index, :layout_engine => :erb</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It is not possible to call methods from markdown, nor to pass locals to it.
You therefore will usually use it in combination with another rendering
engine:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>erb <span style="color:#A60">:overview</span>, <span style="color:#A60">:locals</span> => { <span style="color:#A60">:text</span> => markdown(<span style="color:#A60">:introduction</span>) }
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Note that you may also call the <code>markdown</code> method from within other templates:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>%h1 <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">Hello</span> <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">From</span> Haml!
%p= markdown(<span style="color:#A60">:greetings</span>)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Since you cannot call Ruby from Markdown, you cannot use layouts written in
Markdown. However, it is possible to use another rendering engine for the
template than for the layout by passing the <code>:layout_engine</code> option.</p>
<a name='Textile%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Textile Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://redcloth.org/" title="RedCloth">RedCloth</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.textile</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>textile :index, :layout_engine => :erb</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It is not possible to call methods from textile, nor to pass locals to it. You
therefore will usually use it in combination with another rendering engine:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>erb <span style="color:#A60">:overview</span>, <span style="color:#A60">:locals</span> => { <span style="color:#A60">:text</span> => textile(<span style="color:#A60">:introduction</span>) }
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Note that you may also call the <code>textile</code> method from within other templates:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>%h1 <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">Hello</span> <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">From</span> Haml!
%p= textile(<span style="color:#A60">:greetings</span>)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Since you cannot call Ruby from Textile, you cannot use layouts written in
Textile. However, it is possible to use another rendering engine for the
template than for the layout by passing the <code>:layout_engine</code> option.</p>
<a name='RDoc%20Templates'></a>
<h4>RDoc Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://rdoc.rubyforge.org/" title="RDoc">RDoc</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.rdoc</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>rdoc :README, :layout_engine => :erb</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It is not possible to call methods from rdoc, nor to pass locals to it. You
therefore will usually use it in combination with another rendering engine:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>erb <span style="color:#A60">:overview</span>, <span style="color:#A60">:locals</span> => { <span style="color:#A60">:text</span> => rdoc(<span style="color:#A60">:introduction</span>) }
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Note that you may also call the <code>rdoc</code> method from within other templates:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>%h1 <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">Hello</span> <span style="color:#036;font-weight:bold">From</span> Haml!
%p= rdoc(<span style="color:#A60">:greetings</span>)
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<p>Since you cannot call Ruby from RDoc, you cannot use layouts written in
RDoc. However, it is possible to use another rendering engine for the
template than for the layout by passing the <code>:layout_engine</code> option.</p>
<a name='Radius%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Radius Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://radius.rubyforge.org/" title="Radius">Radius</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.radius</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>radius :index, :locals => { :key => 'value' }</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>Since you cannot call Ruby methods directly from a Radius template, you almost
always want to pass locals to it.</p>
<a name='Markaby%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Markaby Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://markaby.github.com/" title="Markaby">Markaby</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.mab</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>markaby { h1 "Welcome!" }</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It also takes a block for inline templates (see example).</p>
<a name='RABL%20Templates'></a>
<h4>RABL Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/nesquena/rabl" title="Rabl">Rabl</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.rabl</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>rabl :index</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name='Slim%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Slim Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="http://slim-lang.com/" title="Slim Lang">Slim Lang</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.slim</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>slim :index</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<a name='Creole%20Templates'></a>
<h4>Creole Templates</h4>
<table>
<tr>
<td>Dependency</td>
<td><a href="https://github.com/minad/creole" title="Creole">Creole</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>File Extension</td>
<td><tt>.creole</tt></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Example</td>
<td><tt>creole :wiki, :layout_engine => :erb</tt></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p>It is not possible to call methods from creole, nor to pass locals to it. You
therefore will usually use it in combination with another rendering engine:</p>
<div>
<div class="CodeRay">
<div class="code"><pre>erb <span style="color:#A60">:overview</span>, <span style="color:#A60">:locals</span> => { <span style="color:#A60">:text</span> => creole(<span style="color:#A60">:introduction</span>) }