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table.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
#
# Copyright (c) 2012-2022 Snowflake Computing Inc. All rights reserved.
#
from typing import Dict, Iterable, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Union, overload
import snowflake.snowpark
from snowflake.snowpark._internal.analyzer.binary_plan_node import create_join_type
from snowflake.snowpark._internal.analyzer.select_statement import (
SelectableEntity,
SelectStatement,
)
from snowflake.snowpark._internal.analyzer.snowflake_plan_node import UnresolvedRelation
from snowflake.snowpark._internal.analyzer.table_merge_expression import (
DeleteMergeExpression,
InsertMergeExpression,
TableDelete,
TableMerge,
TableUpdate,
UpdateMergeExpression,
)
from snowflake.snowpark._internal.error_message import SnowparkClientExceptionMessages
from snowflake.snowpark._internal.telemetry import add_api_call, set_api_call_source
from snowflake.snowpark._internal.type_utils import ColumnOrLiteral
from snowflake.snowpark.column import Column
from snowflake.snowpark.dataframe import DataFrame, _disambiguate
from snowflake.snowpark.row import Row
class UpdateResult(NamedTuple):
"""Result of updating rows in a :class:`Table`."""
rows_updated: int #: The number of rows modified.
multi_joined_rows_updated: int #: The number of multi-joined rows modified.
class DeleteResult(NamedTuple):
"""Result of deleting rows in a :class:`Table`."""
rows_deleted: int #: The number of rows deleted.
class MergeResult(NamedTuple):
"""Result of merging a :class:`DataFrame` into a :class:`Table`."""
rows_inserted: int #: The number of rows inserted.
rows_updated: int #: The number of rows updated.
rows_deleted: int #: The number of rows deleted.
class WhenMatchedClause:
"""
A matched clause for the :meth:`Table.merge` action. It matches all
remaining rows in the target :class:`Table` that satisfy ``join_expr``
while also satisfying ``condition``, if it is provided. You can use
:func:`functions.when_matched` to instantiate this class.
Args:
condition: An optional :class:`Column` object representing the
specified condition.
"""
def __init__(self, condition: Optional[Column] = None) -> None:
self._condition_expr = condition._expression if condition is not None else None
self._clause = None
def update(self, assignments: Dict[str, ColumnOrLiteral]) -> "WhenMatchedClause":
"""
Defines an update action for the matched clause and
returns an updated :class:`WhenMatchedClause` with the new
update action added.
Args:
assignments: A list of values or a ``dict`` that associates
the names of columns with the values that should be updated.
The value of ``assignments`` can either be a literal value or
a :class:`Column` object.
Example::
>>> # Adds a matched clause where a row in source is matched
>>> # if its key is equal to the key of any row in target.
>>> # For all such rows, update its value to the value of the
>>> # corresponding row in source.
>>> from snowflake.snowpark.functions import when_matched, lit
>>> target_df = session.create_dataframe([(10, "old"), (10, "too_old"), (11, "old")], schema=["key", "value"])
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> target = session.table("my_table")
>>> source = session.create_dataframe([(10, "new")], schema=["key", "value"])
>>> target.merge(source, (target["key"] == source["key"]) & (target["value"] == lit("too_old")), [when_matched().update({"value": source["value"]})])
MergeResult(rows_inserted=0, rows_updated=1, rows_deleted=0)
>>> target.collect() # the value in the table is updated
[Row(KEY=10, VALUE='old'), Row(KEY=10, VALUE='new'), Row(KEY=11, VALUE='old')]
Note:
An exception will be raised if this method or :meth:`WhenMatchedClause.delete`
is called more than once on the same :class:`WhenMatchedClause` object.
"""
if self._clause:
raise SnowparkClientExceptionMessages.MERGE_TABLE_ACTION_ALREADY_SPECIFIED(
"update"
if isinstance(self._clause, UpdateMergeExpression)
else "delete",
"WhenMatchedClause",
)
self._clause = UpdateMergeExpression(
self._condition_expr,
{Column(k)._expression: Column._to_expr(v) for k, v in assignments.items()},
)
return self
def delete(self):
"""
Defines a delete action for the matched clause and
returns an updated :class:`WhenMatchedClause` with the new
delete action added.
Example::
>>> # Adds a matched clause where a row in source is matched
>>> # if its key is equal to the key of any row in target.
>>> # For all such rows, delete them.
>>> from snowflake.snowpark.functions import when_matched
>>> target_df = session.create_dataframe([(10, "old"), (10, "too_old"), (11, "old")], schema=["key", "value"])
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> target = session.table("my_table")
>>> source = session.create_dataframe([(10, "new")], schema=["key", "value"])
>>> target.merge(source, target["key"] == source["key"], [when_matched().delete()])
MergeResult(rows_inserted=0, rows_updated=0, rows_deleted=2)
>>> target.collect() # the rows are deleted
[Row(KEY=11, VALUE='old')]
Note:
An exception will be raised if this method or :meth:`WhenMatchedClause.update`
is called more than once on the same :class:`WhenMatchedClause` object.
"""
if self._clause:
raise SnowparkClientExceptionMessages.MERGE_TABLE_ACTION_ALREADY_SPECIFIED(
"update"
if isinstance(self._clause, UpdateMergeExpression)
else "delete",
"WhenMatchedClause",
)
self._clause = DeleteMergeExpression(self._condition_expr)
return self
class WhenNotMatchedClause:
"""
A not-matched clause for the :meth:`Table.merge` action. It matches all
remaining rows in the target :class:`Table` that do not satisfy ``join_expr``
but satisfy ``condition``, if it is provided. You can use
:func:`functions.when_not_matched` to instantiate this class.
Args:
condition: An optional :class:`Column` object representing the
specified condition.
"""
def __init__(self, condition: Optional[Column] = None) -> None:
self._condition_expr = condition._expression if condition is not None else None
self._clause = None
def insert(
self, assignments: Union[Iterable[ColumnOrLiteral], Dict[str, ColumnOrLiteral]]
) -> "WhenNotMatchedClause":
"""
Defines an insert action for the not-matched clause and
returns an updated :class:`WhenNotMatchedClause` with the new
insert action added.
Args:
assignments: A list of values or a ``dict`` that associates
the names of columns with the values that should be inserted.
The value of ``assignments`` can either be a literal value or
a :class:`Column` object.
Examples::
>>> # Adds a not-matched clause where a row in source is not matched
>>> # if its key does not equal the key of any row in target.
>>> # For all such rows, insert a row into target whose ley and value
>>> # are assigned to the key and value of the not matched row.
>>> from snowflake.snowpark.functions import when_not_matched
>>> target_df = session.create_dataframe([(10, "old"), (10, "too_old"), (11, "old")], schema=["key", "value"])
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> target = session.table("my_table")
>>> source = session.create_dataframe([(12, "new")], schema=["key", "value"])
>>> target.merge(source, target["key"] == source["key"], [when_not_matched().insert([source["key"], source["value"]])])
MergeResult(rows_inserted=1, rows_updated=0, rows_deleted=0)
>>> target.collect() # the rows are inserted
[Row(KEY=12, VALUE='new'), Row(KEY=10, VALUE='old'), Row(KEY=10, VALUE='too_old'), Row(KEY=11, VALUE='old')]
>>> # For all such rows, insert a row into target whose key is
>>> # assigned to the key of the not matched row.
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> target.merge(source, target["key"] == source["key"], [when_not_matched().insert({"key": source["key"]})])
MergeResult(rows_inserted=1, rows_updated=0, rows_deleted=0)
>>> target.collect() # the rows are inserted
[Row(KEY=12, VALUE=None), Row(KEY=10, VALUE='old'), Row(KEY=10, VALUE='too_old'), Row(KEY=11, VALUE='old')]
Note:
An exception will be raised if this method is called more than once
on the same :class:`WhenNotMatchedClause` object.
"""
if self._clause:
raise SnowparkClientExceptionMessages.MERGE_TABLE_ACTION_ALREADY_SPECIFIED(
"insert", "WhenNotMatchedClause"
)
if isinstance(assignments, dict):
keys = [Column(k)._expression for k in assignments.keys()]
values = [Column._to_expr(v) for v in assignments.values()]
else:
keys = []
values = [Column._to_expr(v) for v in assignments]
self._clause = InsertMergeExpression(self._condition_expr, keys, values)
return self
def _get_update_result(rows: List[Row]) -> UpdateResult:
return UpdateResult(int(rows[0][0]), int(rows[0][1]))
def _get_delete_result(rows: List[Row]) -> DeleteResult:
return DeleteResult(int(rows[0][0]))
def _get_merge_result(
rows: List[Row], inserted: bool, updated: bool, deleted: bool
) -> MergeResult:
idx = 0
rows_inserted, rows_updated, rows_deleted = 0, 0, 0
if inserted:
rows_inserted = int(rows[0][idx])
idx += 1
if updated:
rows_updated = int(rows[0][idx])
idx += 1
if deleted:
rows_deleted = int(rows[0][idx])
return MergeResult(rows_inserted, rows_updated, rows_deleted)
class Table(DataFrame):
"""
Represents a lazily-evaluated Table. It extends :class:`DataFrame` so all
:class:`DataFrame` operations can be applied to it.
You can create a :class:`Table` object by calling :meth:`Session.table`
with the name of the table in Snowflake. See examples in :meth:`Session.table`.
"""
def __init__(
self,
table_name: str,
session: Optional["snowflake.snowpark.session.Session"] = None,
) -> None:
super().__init__(
session, session._analyzer.resolve(UnresolvedRelation(table_name))
)
self.is_cached: bool = self.is_cached #: Whether the table is cached.
self.table_name: str = table_name #: The table name
if self._session.sql_simplifier_enabled:
self._select_statement = SelectStatement(
from_=SelectableEntity(table_name, analyzer=session._analyzer),
analyzer=session._analyzer,
)
# By default, the set the initial API call to say 'Table.__init__' since
# people could instantiate a table directly. This value is overwritten when
# created from Session object
set_api_call_source(self, "Table.__init__")
def __copy__(self) -> "Table":
return Table(self.table_name, self._session)
def __enter__(self):
return self
def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
self.drop_table()
def sample(
self,
frac: Optional[float] = None,
n: Optional[int] = None,
*,
seed: Optional[float] = None,
sampling_method: Optional[str] = None,
) -> "DataFrame":
"""Samples rows based on either the number of rows to be returned or a percentage of rows to be returned.
Sampling with a seed is not supported on views or subqueries. This method works on tables so it supports ``seed``.
This is the main difference between :meth:`DataFrame.sample` and this method.
Args:
frac: The percentage of rows to be sampled.
n: The fixed number of rows to sample in the range of 0 to 1,000,000 (inclusive). Either ``frac`` or ``n`` should be provided.
seed: Specifies a seed value to make the sampling deterministic. Can be any integer between 0 and 2147483647 inclusive.
Default value is ``None``.
sampling_method: Specifies the sampling method to use:
- "BERNOULLI" (or "ROW"): Includes each row with a probability of p/100. Similar to flipping a weighted coin for each row.
- "SYSTEM" (or "BLOCK"): Includes each block of rows with a probability of p/100. Similar to flipping a weighted coin for each block of rows. This method does not support fixed-size sampling.
Default is ``None``. Then the Snowflake database will use "ROW" by default.
Note:
- SYSTEM | BLOCK sampling is often faster than BERNOULLI | ROW sampling.
- Sampling without a seed is often faster than sampling with a seed.
- Fixed-size sampling can be slower than equivalent fraction-based sampling because fixed-size sampling prevents some query optimization.
- Fixed-size sampling doesn't work with SYSTEM | BLOCK sampling.
"""
if sampling_method is None and seed is None:
return super().sample(frac=frac, n=n)
DataFrame._validate_sample_input(frac, n)
if sampling_method and sampling_method.upper() not in (
"BERNOULLI",
"ROW",
"SYSTEM",
"BLOCK",
):
raise ValueError(
f"'sampling_method' value {sampling_method} must be None or one of 'BERNOULLI', 'ROW', 'SYSTEM', or 'BLOCK'."
)
# The analyzer will generate a sql with subquery. So we build the sql directly without using the analyzer.
sampling_method_text = sampling_method or ""
frac_or_rowcount_text = str(frac * 100.0) if frac is not None else f"{n} ROWS"
seed_text = f" SEED ({seed})" if seed is not None else ""
sql_text = f"SELECT * FROM {self.table_name} SAMPLE {sampling_method_text} ({frac_or_rowcount_text}) {seed_text}"
return self._session.sql(sql_text)
@overload
def update(
self,
assignments: Dict[str, ColumnOrLiteral],
condition: Optional[Column] = None,
source: Optional[DataFrame] = None,
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = True,
) -> UpdateResult:
... # pragma: no cover
@overload
def update(
self,
assignments: Dict[str, ColumnOrLiteral],
condition: Optional[Column] = None,
source: Optional[DataFrame] = None,
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = False,
) -> "snowflake.snowpark.AsyncJob":
... # pragma: no cover
def update(
self,
assignments: Dict[str, ColumnOrLiteral],
condition: Optional[Column] = None,
source: Optional[DataFrame] = None,
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = True,
) -> Union[UpdateResult, "snowflake.snowpark.AsyncJob"]:
"""
Updates rows in the Table with specified ``assignments`` and returns a
:class:`UpdateResult`, representing the number of rows modified and the
number of multi-joined rows modified.
Args:
assignments: A ``dict`` that associates the names of columns with the
values that should be updated. The value of ``assignments`` can
either be a literal value or a :class:`Column` object.
condition: An optional :class:`Column` object representing the
specified condition. It must be provided if ``source`` is provided.
source: An optional :class:`DataFrame` that is included in ``condition``.
It can also be another :class:`Table`.
statement_params: Dictionary of statement level parameters to be set while executing this action.
block: A bool value indicating whether this function will wait until the result is available.
When it is ``False``, this function executes the underlying queries of the dataframe
asynchronously and returns an :class:`AsyncJob`.
Examples::
>>> target_df = session.create_dataframe([(1, 1),(1, 2),(2, 1),(2, 2),(3, 1),(3, 2)], schema=["a", "b"])
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> t = session.table("my_table")
>>> # update all rows in column "b" to 0 and all rows in column "a"
>>> # to the summation of column "a" and column "b"
>>> t.update({"b": 0, "a": t.a + t.b})
UpdateResult(rows_updated=6, multi_joined_rows_updated=0)
>>> t.collect()
[Row(A=2, B=0), Row(A=3, B=0), Row(A=3, B=0), Row(A=4, B=0), Row(A=4, B=0), Row(A=5, B=0)]
>>> # update all rows in column "b" to 0 where column "a" has value 1
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> t.update({"b": 0}, t["a"] == 1)
UpdateResult(rows_updated=2, multi_joined_rows_updated=0)
>>> t.collect()
[Row(A=1, B=0), Row(A=1, B=0), Row(A=2, B=1), Row(A=2, B=2), Row(A=3, B=1), Row(A=3, B=2)]
>>> # update all rows in column "b" to 0 where column "a" in this
>>> # table is equal to column "a" in another dataframe
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> source_df = session.create_dataframe([1, 2, 3, 4], schema=["a"])
>>> t.update({"b": 0}, t["a"] == source_df.a, source_df)
UpdateResult(rows_updated=6, multi_joined_rows_updated=0)
>>> t.collect()
[Row(A=1, B=0), Row(A=1, B=0), Row(A=2, B=0), Row(A=2, B=0), Row(A=3, B=0), Row(A=3, B=0)]
"""
if source:
assert (
condition is not None
), "condition should also be provided if source is provided"
new_df = self._with_plan(
TableUpdate(
self.table_name,
{
Column(k)._expression: Column._to_expr(v)
for k, v in assignments.items()
},
condition._expression if condition is not None else None,
_disambiguate(self, source, create_join_type("left"), [])[1]._plan
if source
else None,
)
)
add_api_call(new_df, "Table.update")
result = new_df._internal_collect_with_tag(
statement_params=statement_params,
block=block,
data_type=snowflake.snowpark.async_job._AsyncResultType.UPDATE,
)
return _get_update_result(result) if block else result
@overload
def delete(
self,
condition: Optional[Column] = None,
source: Optional[DataFrame] = None,
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = True,
) -> DeleteResult:
... # pragma: no cover
@overload
def delete(
self,
condition: Optional[Column] = None,
source: Optional[DataFrame] = None,
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = False,
) -> "snowflake.snowpark.AsyncJob":
... # pragma: no cover
def delete(
self,
condition: Optional[Column] = None,
source: Optional[DataFrame] = None,
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = True,
) -> Union[DeleteResult, "snowflake.snowpark.AsyncJob"]:
"""
Deletes rows in a Table and returns a :class:`DeleteResult`,
representing the number of rows deleted.
Args:
condition: An optional :class:`Column` object representing the
specified condition. It must be provided if ``source`` is provided.
source: An optional :class:`DataFrame` that is included in ``condition``.
It can also be another :class:`Table`.
statement_params: Dictionary of statement level parameters to be set while executing this action.
block: A bool value indicating whether this function will wait until the result is available.
When it is ``False``, this function executes the underlying queries of the dataframe
asynchronously and returns an :class:`AsyncJob`.
Examples::
>>> target_df = session.create_dataframe([(1, 1),(1, 2),(2, 1),(2, 2),(3, 1),(3, 2)], schema=["a", "b"])
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> t = session.table("my_table")
>>> # delete all rows in a table
>>> t.delete()
DeleteResult(rows_deleted=6)
>>> t.collect()
[]
>>> # delete all rows where column "a" has value 1
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> t.delete(t["a"] == 1)
DeleteResult(rows_deleted=2)
>>> t.collect()
[Row(A=2, B=1), Row(A=2, B=2), Row(A=3, B=1), Row(A=3, B=2)]
>>> # delete all rows in this table where column "a" in this
>>> # table is equal to column "a" in another dataframe
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> source_df = session.create_dataframe([2, 3, 4, 5], schema=["a"])
>>> t.delete(t["a"] == source_df.a, source_df)
DeleteResult(rows_deleted=4)
>>> t.collect()
[Row(A=1, B=1), Row(A=1, B=2)]
"""
if source:
assert (
condition is not None
), "condition should also be provided if source is provided"
new_df = self._with_plan(
TableDelete(
self.table_name,
condition._expression if condition is not None else None,
_disambiguate(self, source, create_join_type("left"), [])[1]._plan
if source
else None,
)
)
add_api_call(new_df, "Table.delete")
result = new_df._internal_collect_with_tag(
statement_params=statement_params,
block=block,
data_type=snowflake.snowpark.async_job._AsyncResultType.DELETE,
)
return _get_delete_result(result) if block else result
@overload
def merge(
self,
source: DataFrame,
join_expr: Column,
clauses: Iterable[Union[WhenMatchedClause, WhenNotMatchedClause]],
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = True,
) -> MergeResult:
... # pragma: no cover
@overload
def merge(
self,
source: DataFrame,
join_expr: Column,
clauses: Iterable[Union[WhenMatchedClause, WhenNotMatchedClause]],
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = False,
) -> "snowflake.snowpark.AsyncJob":
... # pragma: no cover
def merge(
self,
source: DataFrame,
join_expr: Column,
clauses: Iterable[Union[WhenMatchedClause, WhenNotMatchedClause]],
*,
statement_params: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
block: bool = True,
) -> Union[MergeResult, "snowflake.snowpark.AsyncJob"]:
"""
Merges this :class:`Table` with :class:`DataFrame` source on the specified
join expression and a list of matched or not-matched clauses, and returns
a :class:`MergeResult`, representing the number of rows inserted,
updated and deleted by this merge action.
See `MERGE <https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/sql/merge.html#merge>`_
for details.
Args:
source: A :class:`DataFrame` to join with this :class:`Table`.
It can also be another :class:`Table`.
join_expr: A :class:`Column` object representing the expression on which
to join this :class:`Table` and ``source``.
clauses: A list of matched or not-matched clauses specifying the actions
to perform when the values from this :class:`Table` and ``source``
match or not match on ``join_expr``. These actions can only be instances
of :class:`WhenMatchedClause` and :class:`WhenNotMatchedClause`, and will
be performed sequentially in this list.
statement_params: Dictionary of statement level parameters to be set while executing this action.
block: A bool value indicating whether this function will wait until the result is available.
When it is ``False``, this function executes the underlying queries of the dataframe
asynchronously and returns an :class:`AsyncJob`.
Example::
>>> from snowflake.snowpark.functions import when_matched, when_not_matched
>>> target_df = session.create_dataframe([(10, "old"), (10, "too_old"), (11, "old")], schema=["key", "value"])
>>> target_df.write.save_as_table("my_table", mode="overwrite", table_type="temporary")
>>> target = session.table("my_table")
>>> source = session.create_dataframe([(10, "new"), (12, "new"), (13, "old")], schema=["key", "value"])
>>> target.merge(source, (target["key"] == source["key"]) & (target["value"] == "too_old"),
... [when_matched().update({"value": source["value"]}), when_not_matched().insert({"key": source["key"]})])
MergeResult(rows_inserted=2, rows_updated=1, rows_deleted=0)
>>> target.collect()
[Row(KEY=12, VALUE=None), Row(KEY=13, VALUE=None), Row(KEY=10, VALUE='old'), Row(KEY=10, VALUE='new'), Row(KEY=11, VALUE='old')]
"""
inserted, updated, deleted = False, False, False
merge_exprs = []
for c in clauses:
if isinstance(c, WhenMatchedClause):
if isinstance(c._clause, UpdateMergeExpression):
updated = True
else:
deleted = True
elif isinstance(c, WhenNotMatchedClause):
inserted = True
else:
raise TypeError(
"clauses only accepts WhenMatchedClause or WhenNotMatchedClause instances"
)
merge_exprs.append(c._clause)
new_df = self._with_plan(
TableMerge(
self.table_name,
_disambiguate(self, source, create_join_type("left"), [])[1]._plan,
join_expr._expression,
merge_exprs,
)
)
add_api_call(new_df, "Table.update")
result = new_df._internal_collect_with_tag(
statement_params=statement_params,
block=block,
data_type=snowflake.snowpark.async_job._AsyncResultType.MERGE,
)
if not block:
result._inserted = inserted
result._updated = updated
result._deleted = deleted
return (
_get_merge_result(
result,
inserted=inserted,
updated=updated,
deleted=deleted,
)
if block
else result
)
def drop_table(self) -> None:
"""Drops the table from the Snowflake database.
Note that subsequent operations such as :meth:`DataFrame.select`, :meth:`DataFrame.collect` on this ``Table`` instance and the derived DataFrame will raise errors because the underlying
table in the Snowflake database no longer exists.
"""
self._session.sql(
f"drop table {self.table_name}"
)._internal_collect_with_tag_no_telemetry()