add 2 articles about disk management

docs/source/index.rst

@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ The organization of this site is as following:
 
    reference/unix/unix-permissions
    reference/unix/unix-user-and-group
+   reference/unix/disk-basic
+   reference/unix/disk-unix-disk-management
    reference/unix/unix-file-system
    reference/unix/mount-and-unmount
    reference/unix/unix-network-config

docs/source/reference/unix/disk-basics.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Disk Basics
+
+## Hard Disk Drive
+
+* cylinder
+  * the tracks of disk platters that has same diameter
+  * a 3d structure looks like a cylinder without top and bottom
+* sector
+  * the sectors of disk patters
+  * looks like a cut cake
+* head
+  * basic read/write device
+
+## Solid-State Drive
+
+Flash
+
+## Partition
+
+Creating some logical regions on a drive to manage it.
+
+The partition information is stored in a partition table.
+
+### MBR (Master Boot Record)
+
+[MBR - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_boot_record)
+
+The traditional partition table that can be applied to most PCs that use BIOS.
+
+* supports 32bit and 64bit systems
+* supports limited number of (primary) partitions
+* cannot (officially) support drives larger than 2T due to the way it addresses space
+
+See the tables in wikipedia for the details about structures.
+
+#### MBR Partitions
+
+* Primary partitions
+  * at most 4
+* Extended partitions
+  * uses "space" of a primary partition
+* Logical partitions
+  * created in extended partitions
+  * does not count as a primary partition, can have more than 4
+
+### GPT (GUID Partition Table)
+
+[GPT - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUID_Partition_Table)
+
+A partition table for UEFI devices (instead of BIOS)
+
+* supports drives larger than 2T
+* limited backward compatibility (for MBR)
+
+Read the table in wikipedia about "Operating-system support"

docs/source/reference/unix/unix-disk-management.md

@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+# Unix Disk Management
+
+Partitions
+
+## Config File
+
+`/proc/partitions`
+
+## Tools
+
+[Partitioning Tools - ArchWiki](https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Partitioning#Partitioning_tools)
+
+```bash
+man fdisk  # MBR
+man gdisk  # GPT
+man parted # both
+```
+
+Use `GParted` if you like GUI.
+
+### `fdisk`
+
+A partition tool, focus on MBR
+
+```bash
+fdisk -l        # list
+fdisk /dev/sda1 # enter interactive interface
+```
+
+In the interactive interface
+
+```bash
+m # help
+n # new partition
+p # print partition table
+t # change type
+w # write to disk, all operations before 'w' are stored in memory only
+# fdisk gives detailed explanations
+```
+
+ID is use to label the types.
+
+```
+Command (m for help): l
+
+ 0  Empty           24  NEC DOS         81  Minix / old Lin bf  Solaris        
+ 1  FAT12           27  Hidden NTFS Win 82  Linux swap / So c1  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
+ 2  XENIX root      39  Plan 9          83  Linux           c4  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
+ 3  XENIX usr       3c  PartitionMagic  84  OS/2 hidden or  c6  DRDOS/sec (FAT-
+ 4  FAT16 <32M      40  Venix 80286     85  Linux extended  c7  Syrinx         
+ 5  Extended        41  PPC PReP Boot   86  NTFS volume set da  Non-FS data    
+ 6  FAT16           42  SFS             87  NTFS volume set db  CP/M / CTOS / .
+ 7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d  QNX4.x          88  Linux plaintext de  Dell Utility   
+ 8  AIX             4e  QNX4.x 2nd part 8e  Linux LVM       df  BootIt         
+ 9  AIX bootable    4f  QNX4.x 3rd part 93  Amoeba          e1  DOS access     
+ a  OS/2 Boot Manag 50  OnTrack DM      94  Amoeba BBT      e3  DOS R/O        
+ b  W95 FAT32       51  OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f  BSD/OS          e4  SpeedStor      
+ c  W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52  CP/M            a0  IBM Thinkpad hi ea  Rufus alignment
+ e  W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53  OnTrack DM6 Aux a5  FreeBSD         eb  BeOS fs        
+ f  W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54  OnTrackDM6      a6  OpenBSD         ee  GPT            
+10  OPUS            55  EZ-Drive        a7  NeXTSTEP        ef  EFI (FAT-12/16/
+11  Hidden FAT12    56  Golden Bow      a8  Darwin UFS      f0  Linux/PA-RISC b
+12  Compaq diagnost 5c  Priam Edisk     a9  NetBSD          f1  SpeedStor      
+14  Hidden FAT16 <3 61  SpeedStor       ab  Darwin boot     f4  SpeedStor      
+16  Hidden FAT16    63  GNU HURD or Sys af  HFS / HFS+      f2  DOS secondary  
+17  Hidden HPFS/NTF 64  Novell Netware  b7  BSDI fs         fb  VMware VMFS    
+18  AST SmartSleep  65  Novell Netware  b8  BSDI swap       fc  VMware VMKCORE 
+1b  Hidden W95 FAT3 70  DiskSecure Mult bb  Boot Wizard hid fd  Linux raid auto
+1c  Hidden W95 FAT3 75  PC/IX           bc  Acronis FAT32 L fe  LANstep        
+1e  Hidden W95 FAT1 80  Old Minix       be  Solaris boot    ff  BBT            
+
+Command (m for help): 
+```
+
+Common MBR partition schema:
+
+* 1 primary partition
+* 1 extended partition
+  * some logical partitions
+* set the primary partition bootable
+
+## After Partitioning
+
+`partprobe`
+
+seems to be a program to notify the kernel about partition changes.
+
+Also create file systems.