chore: add caching for LS protocol version to avoid rate limits

[PeterSchafer]

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What does this PR do?

During a build, we determine the LS protocol version, which includes downloading this info from the LS repository. This sometimes leads to developers being rate limited. This PR introduces a local caching, so that the calls get limited and build times a bit faster. The cache cleanup is part of make clean.

The value won't be added to existing cache files, they can be cleaned with make clean.

There should be only low risk.

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How should this be manually tested?

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What are the relevant tickets?

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