In this project, you will create a simple search engine for the website https://www.lawfareblog.com. This website provides legal analysis on US national security issues.
Due date: Sunday, 18 September at midnight
Computation: This project has low computational requirements. You are not required to complete it on the lambda server (although you are welcome to if you'd like).
Data:
The data folder contains two files that store example "web graphs".
The file small.csv.gz contains the example graph from the Deeper Inside Pagerank paper.
This is a small graph, so we can manually inspect the contents of this file with the following command:
$ zcat data/small.csv.gz
source,target
1,2
1,3
3,1
3,2
3,5
4,5
4,6
5,6
5,4
6,4
Recall: The
catterminal command outputs the contents of a file to stdout, and thezcatcommand first decompressed a gzipped file and then outputs the decompressed contents.
As you can see, the graph is stored as a CSV file. The first line is a header, and each subsequent line stores a single edge in the graph. The first column contains the source node of the edge and the second column the target node. The file is assumed to be sorted alphabetically.
The second data file lawfareblog.csv.gz contains the link structure for the lawfare blog.
Let's take a look at the first 10 of these lines:
$ zcat data/lawfareblog.csv.gz | head
source,target
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/topic/interrogation
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/upcoming-events
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/our-comments-policy
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/litigation-documents-related-appointment-matthew-whitaker-acting-attorney-general
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/topic/lawfare-research-paper-series
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/topic/book-reviews
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/documents-related-mueller-investigation
www.lawfareblog.com/,www.lawfareblog.com/topic/international-law-loac
You can see that in this file, the node names are URLs.
Semantically, each line corresponds to an HTML <a> tag that is contained in the source webpage and links to the target webpage.
We can use the following command to count the total number of links in the file:
$ zcat data/lawfareblog.csv.gz | wc -l
1610789
Since every link corresponds to a non-zero entry in the P matrix,
this is also the value of nnz(P).
(Technically, we should subtract 1 from this value since the wc -l command also counts the header line, not just the data lines.)
To get the dimensions of P, we need to count the total number of nodes in the graph.
The following command achieves this by: decompressing the file, extracting the first column, removing all duplicate lines, then counting the results.
$ zcat data/lawfareblog.csv.gz | cut -f1 -d, | uniq | wc -l
25761
This matrix is large enough that computing matrix products for dense matrices takes several minutes on a single CPU. Fortunately, however, the matrix is very sparse. The following python code computes the fraction of entries in the matrix with non-zero values:
>>> 1610788 / (25760**2)
0.0024274297384360172
Thus, by using sparse matrix operations, we will be able to speed up the code significantly.
Code:
The pagerank.py file contains code for loading the graph CSV files and searching through their nodes for key phrases.
For example, you can perform a search for all nodes (i.e. urls) that mention the string corona with the following command:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --search_query=corona
NOTE: It will take about 10 seconds to load and parse the data files. All the other computation happens essentially instantly.
Currently, the pagerank of the nodes is not currently being calculated correctly, and so the webpages are returned in an arbitrary order. Your task in this assignment will be to fix these calculations in order to have the most important results (i.e. highest pagerank results) returned first.
Implement the WebGraph.power_method function in pagerank.py for computing the pagerank vector by fixing the FIXME annotation.
Part 1:
To check that your implementation is working,
you should run the program on the data/small.csv.gz graph.
For my implementation, I get the following output.
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/small.csv.gz --verbose
DEBUG:root:computing indices
DEBUG:root:computing values
DEBUG:root:i=0 residual=2.5629e-01
DEBUG:root:i=1 residual=1.1841e-01
DEBUG:root:i=2 residual=7.0701e-02
DEBUG:root:i=3 residual=3.1815e-02
DEBUG:root:i=4 residual=2.0497e-02
DEBUG:root:i=5 residual=1.0108e-02
DEBUG:root:i=6 residual=6.3716e-03
DEBUG:root:i=7 residual=3.4228e-03
DEBUG:root:i=8 residual=2.0879e-03
DEBUG:root:i=9 residual=1.1750e-03
DEBUG:root:i=10 residual=7.0131e-04
DEBUG:root:i=11 residual=4.0321e-04
DEBUG:root:i=12 residual=2.3800e-04
DEBUG:root:i=13 residual=1.3812e-04
DEBUG:root:i=14 residual=8.1083e-05
DEBUG:root:i=15 residual=4.7251e-05
DEBUG:root:i=16 residual=2.7704e-05
DEBUG:root:i=17 residual=1.6164e-05
DEBUG:root:i=18 residual=9.4778e-06
DEBUG:root:i=19 residual=5.5066e-06
DEBUG:root:i=20 residual=3.2042e-06
DEBUG:root:i=21 residual=1.8612e-06
DEBUG:root:i=22 residual=1.1283e-06
DEBUG:root:i=23 residual=6.1907e-07
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=6.6270e-01 url=4
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=5.2179e-01 url=6
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=4.1434e-01 url=5
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=2.3175e-01 url=2
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=1.8590e-01 url=3
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=1.6917e-01 url=1
Yours likely won't be identical (due to weird floating point issues), but it should be similar. In particular, the ranking of the nodes/urls should be the same order.
NOTE: The
--verboseflag causes all of the lines beginning withDEBUGto be printed. By default, only lines beginning withINFOare printed.
Part 2:
The pagerank.py file has an option --search_query, which takes a string as a parameter.
If this argument is used, then the program returns all nodes that match the query string sorted according to their pagerank.
Essentially, this gives us the most important pages related to our query.
Again, you may not get the exact same results as me, but you should get similar results to the examples I've shown below. Verify that you do in fact get similar results.
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --search_query='corona'
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=1.0038e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-united-nations-and-coronavirus-crisis
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=8.9224e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/house-oversight-committee-holds-day-two-hearing-government-coronavirus-response
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=7.0390e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/britains-coronavirus-response
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=6.9153e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/prosecuting-purposeful-coronavirus-exposure-terrorism
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=6.7041e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/israeli-emergency-regulations-location-tracking-coronavirus-carriers
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=6.6256e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/why-congress-conducting-business-usual-face-coronavirus
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=6.5046e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/congressional-homeland-security-committees-seek-ways-support-state-federal-responses-coronavirus
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=6.3620e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/paper-hearing-experts-debate-digital-contact-tracing-and-coronavirus-privacy-concerns
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=6.1248e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/house-subcommittee-voices-concerns-over-us-management-coronavirus
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=6.0187e-04 url=www.lawfareblog.com/livestream-house-oversight-committee-holds-hearing-government-coronavirus-response
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --search_query='trump'
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=5.7826e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/trump-asks-supreme-court-stay-congressional-subpeona-tax-returns
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=5.2338e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/document-trump-revokes-obama-executive-order-counterterrorism-strike-casualty-reporting
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=5.1297e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/trump-administrations-worrying-new-policy-israeli-settlements
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=4.6599e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/dc-circuit-overrules-district-courts-due-process-ruling-qasim-v-trump
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=4.5934e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/donald-trump-and-politically-weaponized-executive-branch
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=4.3071e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/how-trumps-approach-middle-east-ignores-past-future-and-human-condition
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=4.0935e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/why-trump-cant-buy-greenland
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=3.7591e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/oral-argument-summary-qassim-v-trump
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=3.4509e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/dc-circuit-court-denies-trump-rehearing-mazars-case
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=3.4484e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/second-circuit-rules-mazars-must-hand-over-trump-tax-returns-new-york-prosecutors
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --search_query='iran'
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=4.5746e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/praise-presidents-iran-tweets
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=4.4174e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/how-us-iran-tensions-could-disrupt-iraqs-fragile-peace
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=2.6928e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/cyber-command-operational-update-clarifying-june-2019-iran-operation
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=1.9391e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/aborted-iran-strike-fine-line-between-necessity-and-revenge
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=1.5452e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/parsing-state-departments-letter-use-force-against-iran
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=1.5357e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/iranian-hostage-crisis-and-its-effect-american-politics
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=1.5258e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/announcing-united-states-and-use-force-against-iran-new-lawfare-e-book
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=1.4221e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/us-names-iranian-revolutionary-guard-terrorist-organization-and-sanctions-international-criminal
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=1.1788e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/iran-shoots-down-us-drone-domestic-and-international-legal-implications
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=1.1463e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/israel-iran-syria-clash-and-law-use-force
Part 3:
The webgraph of lawfareblog.com (i.e. the P matrix) naturally contains a lot of structure.
For example, essentially all pages on the domain have links to the root page https://lawfareblog.com/ and other "non-article" pages like https://www.lawfareblog.com/topics and https://www.lawfareblog.com/subscribe-lawfare.
These pages therefore have a large pagerank.
We can get a list of the pages with the largest pagerank by running
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-job-board
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/masthead
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/litigation-documents-related-appointment-matthew-whitaker-acting-attorney-general
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/documents-related-mueller-investigation
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/topics
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/about-lawfare-brief-history-term-and-site
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/snowden-revelations
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/support-lawfare
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/upcoming-events
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=2.8741e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/our-comments-policy
Most of these pages are not very interesting, however, because they are not articles, and usually when we are performing a web search, we only want articles.
This raises the question: How can we find the most important articles filtering out the non-article pages?
The answer is to modify the P matrix by removing all links to non-article pages.
This raises another question: How do we know if a link is a non-article page?
Unfortunately, this is a hard question to answer with 100% accuracy,
but there are many methods that get us most of the way there.
One easy to implement method is to compute what's called the "in-link ratio" of each node (i.e. the total number of edges with the node as a target divided by the total number of nodes),
and then remove nodes from the search results with too-high of a ratio.
The intuition is that non-article pages often appear in the menu of a webpage, and so have links from almost all of the other webpages;
but article-webpages are unlikely to appear on a menu and so will only have a small number of links from other webpages.
The --filter_ratio parameter causes the code to remove all pages that have an in-link ratio larger than the provided value.
Using this option, we can estimate the most important articles on the domain with the following command:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --filter_ratio=0.2
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=3.4696e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/trump-asks-supreme-court-stay-congressional-subpeona-tax-returns
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=2.9521e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/livestream-nov-21-impeachment-hearings-0
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=2.9040e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/opening-statement-david-holmes
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=1.5179e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-ben-nimmo-whack-mole-game-disinformation
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=1.5099e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1963
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=1.5099e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1964
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=1.5071e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-week-was-impeachment
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=1.4957e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1962
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=1.4367e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/cyberlaw-podcast-mistrusting-google
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=1.4240e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-bonus-edition-gordon-sondland-vs-committee-no-bull
Notice that the urls in this list look much more like articles than the urls in the previous list.
When Google calculates their P matrix for the web,
they use a similar (but much more complicated) process to modify the P matrix in order to reduce spam results.
The exact formula they use is a jealously guarded secret that they update continuously.
In the case above, notice that we have accidentally removed the blog's most popular article (<www.lawfareblog.com/snowden-revelations>).
The blog editors believed that Snowden's revelations about NSA spying are so important that they directly put a link to the article on the menu.
So every single webpage in the domain links to the Snowden article,
and our "anti-spam" --filter-ratio argument removed this article from the list.
In general, it is a challenging open problem to remove spam from pagerank results,
and all current solutions rely on careful human tuning and still have lots of false positives and false negatives.
Part 4:
Recall from the reading that the runtime of pagerank depends heavily on the eigengap of the \bar\bar P matrix,
and that this eigengap is bounded by the alpha parameter.
Run the following four commands:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --alpha=0.99999
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --filter_ratio=0.2
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --filter_ratio=0.2 --alpha=0.99999
You should notice that the last command takes considerably more iterations to compute the pagerank vector. (My code takes 685 iterations for this call, and about 10 iterations for all the others.)
This raises the question: Why does the second command (with the --alpha option but without the --filter_ratio) option not take a long time to run?
The answer is that the P graph for https://www.lawfareblog.com naturally has a large eigengap and so is fast to compute for all alpha values,
but the modified graph does not have a large eigengap and so requires a small alpha for fast convergence.
Changing the value of alpha also gives us very different pagerank rankings. For example,
$ python3 pagerank_solution.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --filter_ratio=0.2
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=3.4696e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/trump-asks-supreme-court-stay-congressional-subpeona-tax-returns
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=2.9521e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/livestream-nov-21-impeachment-hearings-0
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=2.9040e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/opening-statement-david-holmes
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=1.5179e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-ben-nimmo-whack-mole-game-disinformation
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=1.5099e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1963
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=1.5099e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1964
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=1.5071e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-week-was-impeachment
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=1.4957e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1962
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=1.4367e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/cyberlaw-podcast-mistrusting-google
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=1.4240e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-bonus-edition-gordon-sondland-vs-committee-no-bull
$ python3 pagerank_solution.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --filter_ratio=0.2 --alpha=0.99999
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=7.0149e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/covid-19-speech-and-surveillance-response
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=7.0149e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-live-covid-19-speech-and-surveillance
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=1.0552e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/cost-using-zero-days
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=3.1755e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-former-congressman-brian-baird-and-daniel-schuman-how-congress-can-continue-function
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=2.2040e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/events
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=1.6027e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-increased-us-focus-indo-pacific
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=1.6026e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-drill-maybe-drill
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=1.6023e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-disjointed-operations-south-china-sea
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=1.6020e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-song-oil-and-fire
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=1.6020e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-sinking-feeling-philippine-china-relations
Which of these rankings is better is entirely subjective, and the only way to know if you have the "best" alpha for your application is to try several variations and see what is best. If large alphas are good for your application, you can see that there is a trade-off between quality answers and algorithmic runtime. We'll be exploring this trade-off more formally in class over the rest of the semester.
The most interesting applications of pagerank involve the personalization vector.
Implement the WebGraph.make_personalization_vector function so that it outputs a personalization vector tuned for the input query.
The pseudocode for the function is:
for each index in the personalization vector:
get the url for the index (see the _url_to_index function)
check if the url satisfies the input query (see the url_satisfies_query function)
if so, set the corresponding index to one
normalize the vector
Part 1:
The command line argument --personalization_vector_query will use the function you created above to augment your search with a custom personalization vector.
If you've implemented the function correctly,
you should get results similar to:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --filter_ratio=0.2 --personalization_vector_query='corona'
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=6.3127e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/covid-19-speech-and-surveillance-response
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=6.3124e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-live-covid-19-speech-and-surveillance
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=1.5947e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/chinatalk-how-party-takes-its-propaganda-global
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=1.2209e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/brexit-not-immune-coronavirus
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=1.2209e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/rational-security-my-corona-edition
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=9.3360e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/trump-cant-reopen-country-over-state-objections
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=9.1920e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/prosecuting-purposeful-coronavirus-exposure-terrorism
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=9.1920e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/britains-coronavirus-response
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=7.7770e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-united-nations-and-coronavirus-crisis
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=7.2888e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/house-oversight-committee-holds-day-two-hearing-government-coronavirus-response
Notice that these results are significantly different than when using the --search_query option:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --filter_ratio=0.2 --search_query='corona'
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=8.1320e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/house-oversight-committee-holds-day-two-hearing-government-coronavirus-response
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=7.7908e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-united-nations-and-coronavirus-crisis
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=5.2262e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/livestream-house-oversight-committee-holds-hearing-government-coronavirus-response
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=3.9584e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/britains-coronavirus-response
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=3.8114e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/prosecuting-purposeful-coronavirus-exposure-terrorism
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=3.3973e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/paper-hearing-experts-debate-digital-contact-tracing-and-coronavirus-privacy-concerns
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=3.3633e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/cyberlaw-podcast-how-israel-fighting-coronavirus
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=3.3557e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/israeli-emergency-regulations-location-tracking-coronavirus-carriers
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=3.2160e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/congress-needs-coronavirus-failsafe-its-too-late
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=3.1036e-03 url=www.lawfareblog.com/why-congress-conducting-business-usual-face-coronavirus
Which results are better?
Again, that depends on what you mean by "better."
With the --personalization_vector_query option,
a webpage is important only if other coronavirus webpages also think it's important;
with the --search_query option,
a webpage is important if any other webpage thinks it's important.
You'll notice that in the later example, many of the webpages are about Congressional proceedings related to the coronavirus.
From a strictly coronavirus perspective, these are not very important webpages.
But in the broader context of national security, these are very important webpages.
Google engineers spend TONs of time fine-tuning their pagerank personalization vectors to remove spam webpages. Exactly how they do this is another one of their secrets that they don't publicly talk about.
Part 2:
Another use of the --personalization_vector_query option is that we can find out what webpages are related to the coronavirus but don't directly mention the coronavirus.
This can be used to map out what types of topics are similar to the coronavirus.
For example, the following query ranks all webpages by their corona importance,
but removes webpages mentioning corona from the results.
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --filter_ratio=0.2 --personalization_vector_query='corona' --search_query='-corona'
INFO:root:rank=0 pagerank=6.3127e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/covid-19-speech-and-surveillance-response
INFO:root:rank=1 pagerank=6.3124e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-live-covid-19-speech-and-surveillance
INFO:root:rank=2 pagerank=1.5947e-01 url=www.lawfareblog.com/chinatalk-how-party-takes-its-propaganda-global
INFO:root:rank=3 pagerank=9.3360e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/trump-cant-reopen-country-over-state-objections
INFO:root:rank=4 pagerank=7.0277e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/fault-lines-foreign-policy-quarantined
INFO:root:rank=5 pagerank=6.9713e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-mom-and-dad-talk-clinical-trials-pandemic
INFO:root:rank=6 pagerank=6.4944e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/limits-world-health-organization
INFO:root:rank=7 pagerank=5.9492e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/chinatalk-dispatches-shanghai-beijing-and-hong-kong
INFO:root:rank=8 pagerank=5.1245e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/us-moves-dismiss-case-against-company-linked-ira-troll-farm
INFO:root:rank=9 pagerank=5.1245e-02 url=www.lawfareblog.com/livestream-house-armed-services-holds-hearing-national-security-challenges-north-and-south-america
You can see that there are many urls about concepts that are obviously related like "covid", "clinical trials", and "quarantine", but this algorithm also finds articles about Chinese propaganda and Trump's policy decisions. Both of these articles are highly relevant to coronavirus discussions, but a simple keyword search for corona or related terms would not find these articles.
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Create a new repo on github (not a fork of this repo).
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Run the following commands, and paste their output into the code blocks below.
Task 1, part 1:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/small.csv.gz --verbose DEBUG:root:computing indices DEBUG:root:computing values n= 6 DEBUG:root:i=0 residual=0.2562914192676544 DEBUG:root:i=1 residual=0.11841227114200592 DEBUG:root:i=2 residual=0.07070134580135345 DEBUG:root:i=3 residual=0.03181542828679085 DEBUG:root:i=4 residual=0.020496590062975883 DEBUG:root:i=5 residual=0.01010835450142622 DEBUG:root:i=6 residual=0.006371544674038887 DEBUG:root:i=7 residual=0.0034227892756462097 DEBUG:root:i=8 residual=0.002087961183860898 DEBUG:root:i=9 residual=0.0011749734403565526 DEBUG:root:i=10 residual=0.0007012754795141518 DEBUG:root:i=11 residual=0.00040320929838344455 DEBUG:root:i=12 residual=0.00023798426263965666 DEBUG:root:i=13 residual=0.00013812065299134701 DEBUG:root:i=14 residual=8.108324982458726e-05 DEBUG:root:i=15 residual=4.7269360948121175e-05 DEBUG:root:i=16 residual=2.7704918466042727e-05 DEBUG:root:i=17 residual=1.6170568414963782e-05 DEBUG:root:i=18 residual=9.479118489252869e-06 DEBUG:root:i=19 residual=5.4782999541203026e-06 DEBUG:root:i=20 residual=3.2123323308042018e-06 DEBUG:root:i=21 residual=1.8802053318722756e-06 DEBUG:root:i=22 residual=1.1228398761886638e-06 DEBUG:root:i=23 residual=6.322027275018627e-07 INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 6.6270e-01 url= 4 INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 5.2179e-01 url= 6 INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 4.1434e-01 url= 5 INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 2.3175e-01 url= 2 INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 1.8590e-01 url= 3 INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 1.6917e-01 url= 1Task 1, part 2:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --search_query='corona' n= 16862 INFO:gensim.models.keyedvectors:precomputing L2-norms of word weight vectors INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 1.8834e-08 url= www.lawfareblog.com/ted-cruz-vs-section-230-misrepresenting-communications-decency-act INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 1.8139e-08 url= www.lawfareblog.com/guess-what-play-ted-cruz-read-filibuster INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 1.8086e-08 url= www.lawfareblog.com/publicity-stunt-postscript-senators-cruz-and-paul-propose-legislation-targeted-killing-domestic INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 2.1523e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/ap-story-short-term-detention-facilities-afghanistan-and-gambling-casablanca INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-united-nations-and-coronavirus-crisis INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/house-oversight-committee-holds-day-two-hearing-government-coronavirus-response INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/britains-coronavirus-response INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/prosecuting-purposeful-coronavirus-exposure-terrorism INFO:root:rank = 8 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/israeli-emergency-regulations-location-tracking-coronavirus-carriers INFO:root:rank = 9 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/why-congress-conducting-business-usual-face-coronavirus $ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --search_query='trump' n= 16862 INFO:gensim.models.keyedvectors:precomputing L2-norms of word weight vectors INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 1.5450e-09 url= www.lawfareblog.com/donald-trump-and-politically-weaponized-executive-branch INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 5.1209e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/did-donald-trump-jr-admit-violating-computer-fraud-and-abuse-act INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 2.9098e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/documents-saifullah-paracha-v-donald-j-trump INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 2.1813e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/cta9-decides-al-nashiri-v-macdonald INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 1.9674e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/donald-trump-danger-our-national-security INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 1.8614e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/burden-donald-trump INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 1.8245e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/does-trump-want-lose-eo-battle-court-or-donald-mcgahn-simply-ineffectual-or-worse INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 1.8139e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/nashiri-v-macdonald-dismissed INFO:root:rank = 8 ranking = 1.8072e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/more-donald-trump-and-justice-department INFO:root:rank = 9 ranking = 1.8064e-10 url= www.lawfareblog.com/donald-trump-paul-manafort-and-pesky-witness-tampering-statute $ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --search_query='iran' n= 16862 INFO:gensim.models.keyedvectors:precomputing L2-norms of word weight vectors INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 1.1082e-05 url= www.lawfareblog.com/update-military-commissions-continued-health-issues-recusal-motion-and-new-cell-al-iraqi INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 9.7579e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/how-us-iran-tensions-could-disrupt-iraqs-fragile-peace INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 7.5628e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/france-makes-play-try-foreign-fighters-iraq INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 4.9849e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/document-sens-kaine-and-young-introduce-bill-revoke-iraq-force-authorizations INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 4.4441e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/haftar-attacking-tripoli-us-needs-re-engage-libya INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 4.2061e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/its-not-only-iraq-and-syria INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 3.8283e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/assessing-aclu-habeas-petition-behalf-unnamed-us-citizen-held-enemy-combatant-iraq INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 3.7903e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/primer-can-trump-administration-transfer-american-citizen-enemy-combatant-iraqi-custody INFO:root:rank = 8 ranking = 2.7731e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/2002-iraq-aumf-almost-certainly-authorizes-president-use-force-today-iraq-and-might-authorize-use INFO:root:rank = 9 ranking = 2.3138e-06 url= www.lawfareblog.com/iraq-inquiry-committee-releases-report-criticizing-uk-role-iraq-warTask 1, part 3:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gzi n= 16862 INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-job-board INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/masthead INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/litigation-documents-related-appointment-matthew-whitaker-acting-attorney-general INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/documents-related-mueller-investigation INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/topics INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/about-lawfare-brief-history-term-and-site INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/snowden-revelations INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/support-lawfare INFO:root:rank = 8 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/upcoming-events INFO:root:rank = 9 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/our-comments-policy $ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --filter_ratio=0.2 n= 16862 INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 3.4696e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/trump-asks-supreme-court-stay-congressional-subpeona-tax-returns INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 2.9521e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/livestream-nov-21-impeachment-hearings-0 INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 2.9040e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/opening-statement-david-holmes INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 1.5179e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-ben-nimmo-whack-mole-game-disinformation INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 1.5099e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1963 INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 1.5099e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1964 INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 1.5071e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-week-was-impeachment INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 1.4957e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1962 INFO:root:rank = 8 ranking = 1.4367e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/cyberlaw-podcast-mistrusting-google INFO:root:rank = 9 ranking = 1.4240e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-bonus-edition-gordon-sondland-vs-committee-no-bullTask 1, part 4:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose DEBUG:root:computing indices DEBUG:root:computing values n= 16862 DEBUG:root:i=0 residual=1.3793821334838867 DEBUG:root:i=1 residual=0.11642514914274216 DEBUG:root:i=2 residual=0.07495073974132538 DEBUG:root:i=3 residual=0.031712669879198074 DEBUG:root:i=4 residual=0.01746140420436859 DEBUG:root:i=5 residual=0.008529536426067352 DEBUG:root:i=6 residual=0.0044392067939043045 DEBUG:root:i=7 residual=0.002238823566585779 DEBUG:root:i=8 residual=0.0011464565759524703 DEBUG:root:i=9 residual=0.0005798051133751869 DEBUG:root:i=10 residual=0.00029213540256023407 DEBUG:root:i=11 residual=0.00014553092478308827 DEBUG:root:i=12 residual=7.149828888941556e-05 DEBUG:root:i=13 residual=3.433692472754046e-05 DEBUG:root:i=14 residual=1.5638515833416022e-05 DEBUG:root:i=15 residual=6.266389391385019e-06 DEBUG:root:i=16 residual=2.8251236017240444e-06 DEBUG:root:i=17 residual=1.3609912912215805e-06 DEBUG:root:i=18 residual=4.311152963509812e-07 INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-job-board INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/masthead INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/litigation-documents-related-appointment-matthew-whitaker-acting-attorney-general INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/documents-related-mueller-investigation INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/topics INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/about-lawfare-brief-history-term-and-site INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/snowden-revelations INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 2.8741e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/support-lawfare $ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --alpha=0.99999 DEBUG:root:computing indices DEBUG:root:computing values n= 16862 DEBUG:root:i=0 residual=1.3845856189727783 DEBUG:root:i=1 residual=0.07088156789541245 DEBUG:root:i=2 residual=0.01882227510213852 DEBUG:root:i=3 residual=0.006958262529224157 DEBUG:root:i=4 residual=0.0027358194347471 DEBUG:root:i=5 residual=0.0010345563059672713 DEBUG:root:i=6 residual=0.0003774634387809783 DEBUG:root:i=7 residual=0.00013533401943277568 DEBUG:root:i=8 residual=4.8224112106254324e-05 DEBUG:root:i=9 residual=1.7172435036627576e-05 DEBUG:root:i=10 residual=6.118058081483468e-06 DEBUG:root:i=11 residual=2.173422217310872e-06 DEBUG:root:i=12 residual=7.82504116614291e-07 INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-job-board INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/masthead INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/litigation-documents-related-appointment-matthew-whitaker-acting-attorney-general INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/documents-related-mueller-investigation INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/topics INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/about-lawfare-brief-history-term-and-site INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/snowden-revelations INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/support-lawfare INFO:root:rank = 8 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/upcoming-events INFO:root:rank = 9 ranking = 2.8859e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/our-comments-policy $ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --filter_ratio=0.2 DEBUG:root:computing indices DEBUG:root:computing values n= 16862 DEBUG:root:i=0 residual=1.2609827518463135 DEBUG:root:i=1 residual=0.49858558177948 DEBUG:root:i=2 residual=0.13420072197914124 DEBUG:root:i=3 residual=0.0692318007349968 DEBUG:root:i=4 residual=0.023411516100168228 DEBUG:root:i=5 residual=0.010188630782067776 DEBUG:root:i=6 residual=0.004910613875836134 DEBUG:root:i=7 residual=0.002279882086440921 DEBUG:root:i=8 residual=0.0010739191202446818 DEBUG:root:i=9 residual=0.0005249588284641504 DEBUG:root:i=10 residual=0.00026969940518029034 DEBUG:root:i=11 residual=0.00014575093518942595 DEBUG:root:i=12 residual=8.241771865868941e-05 DEBUG:root:i=13 residual=4.819605601369403e-05 DEBUG:root:i=14 residual=2.881278851418756e-05 DEBUG:root:i=15 residual=1.7407368432031944e-05 DEBUG:root:i=16 residual=1.0556699635344557e-05 DEBUG:root:i=17 residual=6.386945642589126e-06 DEBUG:root:i=18 residual=3.835165898635751e-06 DEBUG:root:i=19 residual=2.295828835485736e-06 DEBUG:root:i=20 residual=1.3655146631208481e-06 DEBUG:root:i=21 residual=8.102273341137334e-07 INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 3.4696e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/trump-asks-supreme-court-stay-congressional-subpeona-tax-returns INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 2.9521e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/livestream-nov-21-impeachment-hearings-0 INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 2.9040e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/opening-statement-david-holmes INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 1.5179e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-ben-nimmo-whack-mole-game-disinformation INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 1.5099e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1963 INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 1.5099e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1964 INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 1.5071e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-week-was-impeachment INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 1.4957e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/todays-headlines-and-commentary-1962 INFO:root:rank = 8 ranking = 1.4367e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/cyberlaw-podcast-mistrusting-google INFO:root:rank = 9 ranking = 1.4240e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-bonus-edition-gordon-sondland-vs-committee-no-bull $ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --verbose --filter_ratio=0.2 --alpha=0.99999 DEBUG:root:computing indices DEBUG:root:computing values n= 16862 DEBUG:root:i=0 residual=1.2827345132827759 DEBUG:root:i=1 residual=0.5695679783821106 DEBUG:root:i=2 residual=0.38298743963241577 DEBUG:root:i=3 residual=0.2173907607793808 DEBUG:root:i=4 residual=0.14045004546642303 DEBUG:root:i=5 residual=0.10851320624351501 DEBUG:root:i=6 residual=0.09284130483865738 DEBUG:root:i=7 residual=0.08225572854280472 DEBUG:root:i=8 residual=0.07338864356279373 DEBUG:root:i=9 residual=0.06561222672462463 DEBUG:root:i=10 residual=0.059096433222293854 DEBUG:root:i=11 residual=0.0541754886507988 DEBUG:root:i=12 residual=0.05111689865589142 DEBUG:root:i=13 residual=0.04999383166432381 DEBUG:root:i=14 residual=0.05060902237892151 DEBUG:root:i=15 residual=0.0525263175368309 DEBUG:root:i=16 residual=0.0551888681948185 DEBUG:root:i=17 residual=0.05803852900862694 DEBUG:root:i=18 residual=0.06059221178293228 DEBUG:root:i=19 residual=0.0624784380197525 DEBUG:root:i=20 residual=0.06345319747924805 DEBUG:root:i=21 residual=0.06340522319078445 DEBUG:root:i=22 residual=0.06234566867351532 DEBUG:root:i=23 residual=0.06038395315408707 DEBUG:root:i=24 residual=0.05769402161240578 DEBUG:root:i=25 residual=0.05447976291179657 DEBUG:root:i=26 residual=0.05094277113676071 DEBUG:root:i=27 residual=0.0472610704600811 DEBUG:root:i=28 residual=0.043578535318374634 DEBUG:root:i=29 residual=0.04000161215662956 DEBUG:root:i=30 residual=0.03660248592495918 DEBUG:root:i=31 residual=0.033424295485019684 DEBUG:root:i=32 residual=0.030489472672343254 DEBUG:root:i=33 residual=0.02780323475599289 DEBUG:root:i=34 residual=0.025360697880387306 DEBUG:root:i=35 residual=0.023150015622377396 DEBUG:root:i=36 residual=0.02115531638264656 DEBUG:root:i=37 residual=0.019359197467565536 DEBUG:root:i=38 residual=0.01774349994957447 DEBUG:root:i=39 residual=0.016290761530399323 DEBUG:root:i=40 residual=0.0149843106046319 DEBUG:root:i=41 residual=0.01380856242030859 DEBUG:root:i=42 residual=0.012749706394970417 DEBUG:root:i=43 residual=0.011794854886829853 DEBUG:root:i=44 residual=0.010932852514088154 DEBUG:root:i=45 residual=0.010153341107070446 DEBUG:root:i=46 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residual=1.0612884580041282e-06 DEBUG:root:i=680 residual=1.050175683303678e-06 DEBUG:root:i=681 residual=1.03606441825832e-06 DEBUG:root:i=682 residual=1.0244245913781924e-06 DEBUG:root:i=683 residual=1.014870690596581e-06 DEBUG:root:i=684 residual=1.0036894764198223e-06 DEBUG:root:i=685 residual=9.915290775097674e-07 INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 7.0149e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/covid-19-speech-and-surveillance-response INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 7.0149e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-live-covid-19-speech-and-surveillance INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 1.0552e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/cost-using-zero-days INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 3.1757e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-former-congressman-brian-baird-and-daniel-schuman-how-congress-can-continue-function INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 2.2040e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/events INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 1.6027e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-increased-us-focus-indo-pacific INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 1.6026e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-drill-maybe-drill INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 1.6023e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-disjointed-operations-south-china-sea INFO:root:rank = 8 ranking = 1.6020e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-song-oil-and-fire INFO:root:rank = 9 ranking = 1.6020e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/water-wars-sinking-feeling-philippine-china-relationsTask 2, part 1:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --filter_ratio=0.2 --personalization_vector_query='corona' n= 16862 v= tensor([0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]) INFO:gensim.models.keyedvectors:precomputing L2-norms of word weight vectors INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 6.3217e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/covid-19-speech-and-surveillance-response INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 6.3215e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-live-covid-19-speech-and-surveillance INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 1.5565e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/chinatalk-how-party-takes-its-propaganda-global INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 1.1977e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/rational-security-my-corona-edition INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 1.1977e-01 url= www.lawfareblog.com/brexit-not-immune-coronavirus INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 9.1832e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/trump-cant-reopen-country-over-state-objections INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 8.9400e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/britains-coronavirus-response INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 8.9400e-02 url= www.lawfareblog.com/prosecuting-purposeful-coronavirus-exposure-terrorismTask 2, part 2:
$ python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --filter_ratio=0.2 --personalization_vector_query='corona' --search_query='-corona' python3 pagerank.py --data=data/lawfareblog.csv.gz --filter_ratio=0.2 --personalization_vector_query='corona' --search_query='-corona' n= 16862 v= tensor([0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]) INFO:gensim.models.keyedvectors:precomputing L2-norms of word weight vectors INFO:root:rank = 0 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/covid-19-speech-and-surveillance-response INFO:root:rank = 1 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-live-covid-19-speech-and-surveillance INFO:root:rank = 2 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/chinatalk-how-party-takes-its-propaganda-global INFO:root:rank = 3 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/trump-cant-reopen-country-over-state-objections INFO:root:rank = 4 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/lawfare-podcast-mom-and-dad-talk-clinical-trials-pandemic INFO:root:rank = 5 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/fault-lines-foreign-policy-quarantined INFO:root:rank = 6 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/limits-world-health-organization INFO:root:rank = 7 ranking = 0.0000e+00 url= www.lawfareblog.com/chinatalk-dispatches-shanghai-beijing-and-hong-kong -
Ensure that all your changes to the
pagerank.pyandREADME.mdfiles are committed to your repo and pushed to github. -
Get at least 5 stars on your repo. (You may trade stars with other students in the class.)
NOTE:
Recruiters use github profiles to determine who to hire, and pagerank is used to rank user profiles and projects. Links in this graph correspond to who has starred/followed who's repo. By getting more stars on your repo, you'll be increasing your github pagerank, which increases the likelihood that recruiters will hire you. To see an example, perform a search for
data mining. Notice that the results are returned "approximately" ranked by the number of stars, but because "some stars count more than others" the results are not exactly ranked by the number of stars. (I asked you not to fork this repo because forks are ranked lower than non-forks.)In some sense, we are doing a "dual problem" to data mining by getting these stars. Recruiters are using data mining to find out who the best people to recruit are, and we are hacking their data mining algorithms by making those algorithms select you instead of someone else.
If you're interested in exploring this idea further, here's a python tutorial for extracting GitHub's social graph: https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/mining-the-social/9781449368180/ch07.html ; if you're interested in learning more about how recruiters use github profiles, read this Hacker News post: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19413348.
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Submit the url of your repo to sakai.
Each part is worth 2 points, for 12 points overall.