Support the inc and dec operators for pointers in unsafe context (#514)

spicelang · Apr 7, 2024 · c4c4acd · c4c4acd
1 parent dec0730
commit c4c4acd
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Showing 12 changed files with 191 additions and 26 deletions.
diff --git a/.run/spice.run.xml b/.run/spice.run.xml
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <component name="ProjectRunConfigurationManager">
-  <configuration default="false" name="spice" type="CMakeRunConfiguration" factoryName="Application" PROGRAM_PARAMS="build -O2 -d ../../media/test-project/test.spice" REDIRECT_INPUT="false" ELEVATE="false" USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE="false" EMULATE_TERMINAL="false" PASS_PARENT_ENVS_2="true" PROJECT_NAME="Spice" TARGET_NAME="spice" CONFIG_NAME="Debug" RUN_TARGET_PROJECT_NAME="Spice" RUN_TARGET_NAME="spice">
+  <configuration default="false" name="spice" type="CMakeRunConfiguration" factoryName="Application" PROGRAM_PARAMS="run -O0 -d -ir ../../media/test-project/test.spice" REDIRECT_INPUT="false" ELEVATE="false" USE_EXTERNAL_CONSOLE="false" EMULATE_TERMINAL="false" PASS_PARENT_ENVS_2="true" PROJECT_NAME="Spice" TARGET_NAME="spice" CONFIG_NAME="Debug" RUN_TARGET_PROJECT_NAME="Spice" RUN_TARGET_NAME="spice">
     <envs>
       <env name="LLVM_ADDITIONAL_FLAGS" value="-lole32 -lws2_32" />
       <env name="LLVM_BUILD_INCLUDE_DIR" value="$PROJECT_DIR$/../llvm-project-latest/build/include" />

diff --git a/media/test-project/test.spice b/media/test-project/test.spice
@@ -1,17 +1,11 @@
-import "std/os/env";
-import "bootstrap/lexer/lexer";
-
 f<int> main() {
-    String filePath = getEnv("SPICE_STD_DIR") + "/../test/test-files/bootstrap-compiler/standalone-lexer-test/test-file.spice";
-    Lexer lexer = Lexer(filePath.getRaw());
-    unsigned long tokenCount = 0l;
-    while (!lexer.isEOF()) {
-        Token token = lexer.getToken();
-        token.print();
-        lexer.advance();
-        tokenCount++;
+    int[3] a = [1, 2, 3];
+    int* aPtr = a;
+    printf("%d\n", *aPtr);
+    unsafe {
+        aPtr++;
     }
-    printf("\nLexed tokens: %d\n", tokenCount);
+    printf("%d\n", *aPtr);
 }
 
 /*import "bootstrap/util/block-allocator";

diff --git a/src/irgenerator/OpRuleConversionManager.cpp b/src/irgenerator/OpRuleConversionManager.cpp
@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ LLVMExprResult OpRuleConversionManager::getPlusEqualInst(const ASTNode *node, LL
   case COMB(TY_PTR, TY_SHORT): // fallthrough
   case COMB(TY_PTR, TY_LONG): {
     llvm::Type *elementTy = lhsSTy.getContainedTy().toLLVMType(context, accessScope);
-    return {.value = builder.CreateGEP(elementTy, lhsV(), rhsV())};
+    llvm::Value* rhsVExt = builder.CreateSExt(rhsV(), builder.getInt64Ty());
+    return {.value = builder.CreateGEP(elementTy, lhsV(), rhsVExt)};
   }
   default:                                                             // GCOV_EXCL_LINE
     throw CompilerError(UNHANDLED_BRANCH, "Operator fallthrough: +="); // GCOV_EXCL_LINE
@@ -116,8 +117,10 @@ LLVMExprResult OpRuleConversionManager::getMinusEqualInst(const ASTNode *node, L
   case COMB(TY_PTR, TY_INT):   // fallthrough
   case COMB(TY_PTR, TY_SHORT): // fallthrough
   case COMB(TY_PTR, TY_LONG): {
-    llvm::Type *elementType = lhsSTy.getContainedTy().toLLVMType(context, accessScope);
-    return {.value = builder.CreateGEP(elementType, lhsV(), rhsV())};
+    llvm::Type *elementTy = lhsSTy.getContainedTy().toLLVMType(context, accessScope);
+    llvm::Value* rhsVExt = builder.CreateSExt(rhsV(), builder.getInt64Ty());
+    llvm::Value* rhsVNeg = builder.CreateNeg(rhsVExt);
+    return {.value = builder.CreateGEP(elementTy, lhsV(), rhsVNeg)};
   }
   default:                                                             // GCOV_EXCL_LINE
     throw CompilerError(UNHANDLED_BRANCH, "Operator fallthrough: -="); // GCOV_EXCL_LINE
@@ -1481,6 +1484,10 @@ LLVMExprResult OpRuleConversionManager::getPrefixPlusPlusInst(const ASTNode *nod
     return {.value = builder.CreateAdd(lhsV(), builder.getInt16(1), "", false, lhsSTy.isSigned())};
   case TY_LONG:
     return {.value = builder.CreateAdd(lhsV(), builder.getInt64(1), "", false, lhsSTy.isSigned())};
+  case TY_PTR: {
+    llvm::Type *elementTy = lhsSTy.getContainedTy().toLLVMType(context, accessScope);
+    return {.value = builder.CreateGEP(elementTy, lhsV(), builder.getInt64(1))};
+  }
   default:
     break;
   }
@@ -1499,6 +1506,10 @@ LLVMExprResult OpRuleConversionManager::getPrefixMinusMinusInst(const ASTNode *n
     return {.value = builder.CreateSub(lhsV(), builder.getInt16(1), "", false, lhsSTy.isSigned())};
   case TY_LONG:
     return {.value = builder.CreateSub(lhsV(), builder.getInt64(1), "", false, lhsSTy.isSigned())};
+  case TY_PTR: {
+    llvm::Type *elementTy = lhsSTy.getContainedTy().toLLVMType(context, accessScope);
+    return {.value = builder.CreateGEP(elementTy, lhsV(), builder.getInt64(-1))};
+  }
   default:
     break;
   }
@@ -1552,6 +1563,10 @@ LLVMExprResult OpRuleConversionManager::getPostfixPlusPlusInst(const ASTNode *no
     return {.value = builder.CreateAdd(lhsV(), builder.getInt16(1), "", false, lhsSTy.isSigned())};
   case TY_LONG:
     return {.value = builder.CreateAdd(lhsV(), builder.getInt64(1), "", false, lhsSTy.isSigned())};
+  case TY_PTR: {
+    llvm::Type *elementTy = lhsSTy.getContainedTy().toLLVMType(context, accessScope);
+    return {.value = builder.CreateGEP(elementTy, lhsV(), builder.getInt64(1))};
+  }
   default:
     break;
   }
@@ -1575,6 +1590,10 @@ LLVMExprResult OpRuleConversionManager::getPostfixMinusMinusInst(const ASTNode *
     return {.value = builder.CreateSub(lhsV(), builder.getInt16(1), "", false, lhsSTy.isSigned())};
   case TY_LONG:
     return {.value = builder.CreateSub(lhsV(), builder.getInt64(1), "", false, lhsSTy.isSigned())};
+  case TY_PTR: {
+    llvm::Type *elementTy = lhsSTy.getContainedTy().toLLVMType(context, accessScope);
+    return {.value = builder.CreateGEP(elementTy, lhsV(), builder.getInt64(-1))};
+  }
   default:
     break;
   }

diff --git a/src/typechecker/OpRuleManager.cpp b/src/typechecker/OpRuleManager.cpp
@@ -512,6 +512,12 @@ SymbolType OpRuleManager::getPrefixPlusPlusResultType(const ASTNode *node, const
   // Remove reference wrappers
   SymbolType lhsType = lhs.type.removeReferenceWrapper();
 
+  // Check if this is an unsafe operation
+  if (lhsType.isPtr()) {
+    ensureUnsafeAllowed(node, "++", lhsType);
+    return lhsType;
+  }
+
   return validateUnaryOperation(node, PREFIX_PLUS_PLUS_OP_RULES, ARRAY_LENGTH(PREFIX_PLUS_PLUS_OP_RULES), "++", lhsType);
 }
 
@@ -522,6 +528,12 @@ SymbolType OpRuleManager::getPrefixMinusMinusResultType(const ASTNode *node, con
   // Remove reference wrappers
   SymbolType lhsType = lhs.type.removeReferenceWrapper();
 
+  // Check if this is an unsafe operation
+  if (lhsType.isPtr()) {
+    ensureUnsafeAllowed(node, "--", lhsType);
+    return lhsType;
+  }
+
   return validateUnaryOperation(node, PREFIX_MINUS_MINUS_OP_RULES, ARRAY_LENGTH(PREFIX_MINUS_MINUS_OP_RULES), "--", lhsType);
 }
 
@@ -567,8 +579,13 @@ ExprResult OpRuleManager::getPostfixPlusPlusResultType(ASTNode *node, const Expr
   // Remove reference wrappers
   SymbolType lhsType = lhs.type.removeReferenceWrapper();
 
-  return ExprResult(
-      validateUnaryOperation(node, POSTFIX_PLUS_PLUS_OP_RULES, ARRAY_LENGTH(POSTFIX_PLUS_PLUS_OP_RULES), "++", lhsType));
+  // Check if this is an unsafe operation
+  if (lhsType.isPtr()) {
+    ensureUnsafeAllowed(node, "++", lhsType);
+    return {lhs};
+  }
+
+  return {validateUnaryOperation(node, POSTFIX_PLUS_PLUS_OP_RULES, ARRAY_LENGTH(POSTFIX_PLUS_PLUS_OP_RULES), "++", lhsType)};
 }
 
 ExprResult OpRuleManager::getPostfixMinusMinusResultType(ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs, size_t opIdx) {
@@ -583,6 +600,12 @@ ExprResult OpRuleManager::getPostfixMinusMinusResultType(ASTNode *node, const Ex
   // Remove reference wrappers
   SymbolType lhsType = lhs.type.removeReferenceWrapper();
 
+  // Check if this is an unsafe operation
+  if (lhsType.isPtr()) {
+    ensureUnsafeAllowed(node, "--", lhsType);
+    return {lhs};
+  }
+
   return {validateUnaryOperation(node, POSTFIX_MINUS_MINUS_OP_RULES, ARRAY_LENGTH(POSTFIX_MINUS_MINUS_OP_RULES), "--", lhsType)};
 }
 
@@ -713,6 +736,16 @@ SemanticError OpRuleManager::getExceptionBinary(const ASTNode *node, const char
   return {node, OPERATOR_WRONG_DATA_TYPE, errorMsg.str()};
 }
 
+void OpRuleManager::ensureUnsafeAllowed(const ASTNode *node, const char *name, const SymbolType &lhs) const {
+  if (typeChecker->currentScope->doesAllowUnsafeOperations())
+    return;
+  // Print error message
+  const std::string lhsName = lhs.getName(true);
+  const std::string errorMsg = "Cannot apply '" + std::string(name) + "' operator on type " + lhsName +
+                               " as this is an unsafe operation. Please use unsafe blocks if you know what you are doing.";
+  SOFT_ERROR_VOID(node, UNSAFE_OPERATION_IN_SAFE_CONTEXT, errorMsg)
+}
+
 void OpRuleManager::ensureUnsafeAllowed(const ASTNode *node, const char *name, const SymbolType &lhs,
                                         const SymbolType &rhs) const {
   if (typeChecker->currentScope->doesAllowUnsafeOperations())

diff --git a/src/typechecker/OpRuleManager.h b/src/typechecker/OpRuleManager.h
@@ -648,8 +648,8 @@ class OpRuleManager {
   ExprResult getDivResultType(ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs, const ExprResult &rhs, size_t opIdx);
   static ExprResult getRemResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs, const ExprResult &rhs);
   static SymbolType getPrefixMinusResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs);
-  static SymbolType getPrefixPlusPlusResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs);
-  static SymbolType getPrefixMinusMinusResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs);
+  SymbolType getPrefixPlusPlusResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs);
+  SymbolType getPrefixMinusMinusResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs);
   static SymbolType getPrefixNotResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs);
   static SymbolType getPrefixBitwiseNotResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs);
   static SymbolType getPrefixMulResultType(const ASTNode *node, const ExprResult &lhs);
@@ -676,6 +676,7 @@ class OpRuleManager {
   static SemanticError getExceptionUnary(const ASTNode *node, const char *name, const SymbolType &lhs);
   static SemanticError getExceptionBinary(const ASTNode *node, const char *name, const SymbolType &lhs, const SymbolType &rhs,
                                           const char *messagePrefix);
+  void ensureUnsafeAllowed(const ASTNode *node, const char *name, const SymbolType &lhs) const;
   void ensureUnsafeAllowed(const ASTNode *node, const char *name, const SymbolType &lhs, const SymbolType &rhs) const;
   static void ensureNoConstAssign(const ASTNode *node, const SymbolType &lhs);
 };

diff --git a/src/typechecker/TypeChecker.cpp b/src/typechecker/TypeChecker.cpp
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ std::any TypeChecker::visitPrefixUnaryExpr(PrefixUnaryExprNode *node) {
     operandType = OpRuleManager::getPrefixMinusResultType(node, operand);
     break;
   case PrefixUnaryExprNode::OP_PLUS_PLUS:
-    operandType = OpRuleManager::getPrefixPlusPlusResultType(node, operand);
+    operandType = opRuleManager.getPrefixPlusPlusResultType(node, operand);
 
     if (operandEntry) {
       // In case the lhs is captured, notify the capture about the write access
@@ -1263,7 +1263,7 @@ std::any TypeChecker::visitPrefixUnaryExpr(PrefixUnaryExprNode *node) {
 
     break;
   case PrefixUnaryExprNode::OP_MINUS_MINUS:
-    operandType = OpRuleManager::getPrefixMinusMinusResultType(node, operand);
+    operandType = opRuleManager.getPrefixMinusMinusResultType(node, operand);
 
     if (operandEntry) {
       // In case the lhs is captured, notify the capture about the write access

diff --git a/test/test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex/debug.out b/test/test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex/debug.out
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:
 For help, type "help".
 Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...
 Reading symbols from ./source...
-Haltepunkt 1: file source.spice, line 42.
+Breakpoint 1: file source.spice, line 42.
 [Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
 Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
 
@@ -27,4 +27,4 @@ pair = {first = 2, second = }
 $1 = {contents = , capacity = 5, size = 5}
 $2 = 5
 All assertions passed!
-[Inferior 1 (process 685913) exited normally]
+[Inferior 1 (process 75215) exited normally]
diff --git a/test/test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex/ir-code.ll b/test/test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex/ir-code.ll
@@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ attributes #3 = { cold noreturn nounwind }
 !0 = !DIGlobalVariableExpression(var: !1, expr: !DIExpression())
 !1 = distinct !DIGlobalVariable(name: "printf.str.0", linkageName: "printf.str.0", scope: !2, file: !5, line: 68, type: !6, isLocal: true, isDefinition: true)
 !2 = distinct !DICompileUnit(language: DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_14, file: !3, producer: "spice version dev (https://github.com/spicelang/spice)", isOptimized: false, runtimeVersion: 0, emissionKind: FullDebug, globals: !4, splitDebugInlining: false, nameTableKind: None)
-!3 = !DIFile(filename: "/home/marc/Dokumente/Dev/spice/cmake-build-release/test/./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex/source.spice", directory: "./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex")
+!3 = !DIFile(filename: "/home/marc/Dokumente/Dev/spice/cmake-build-debug/test/./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex/source.spice", directory: "./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex")
 !4 = !{!0}
 !5 = !DIFile(filename: "source.spice", directory: "./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-complex")
 !6 = !DIStringType(name: "printf.str.0", size: 192)

diff --git a/test/test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-simple/ir-code.ll b/test/test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-simple/ir-code.ll
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ attributes #3 = { nofree nounwind }
 !0 = !DIGlobalVariableExpression(var: !1, expr: !DIExpression())
 !1 = distinct !DIGlobalVariable(name: "anon.string.0", linkageName: "anon.string.0", scope: !2, file: !7, line: 8, type: !15, isLocal: true, isDefinition: true)
 !2 = distinct !DICompileUnit(language: DW_LANG_C_plus_plus_14, file: !3, producer: "spice version dev (https://github.com/spicelang/spice)", isOptimized: false, runtimeVersion: 0, emissionKind: FullDebug, globals: !4, splitDebugInlining: false, nameTableKind: None)
-!3 = !DIFile(filename: "/home/marc/Dokumente/Dev/spice/cmake-build-release/test/./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-simple/source.spice", directory: "./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-simple")
+!3 = !DIFile(filename: "/home/marc/Dokumente/Dev/spice/cmake-build-debug/test/./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-simple/source.spice", directory: "./test-files/irgenerator/debug-info/success-dbg-info-simple")
 !4 = !{!0, !5, !9, !12}
 !5 = !DIGlobalVariableExpression(var: !6, expr: !DIExpression())
 !6 = distinct !DIGlobalVariable(name: "printf.str.0", linkageName: "printf.str.0", scope: !2, file: !7, line: 15, type: !8, isLocal: true, isDefinition: true)

diff --git a/test/test-files/irgenerator/pointers/success-pointer-arithmetic/cout.out b/test/test-files/irgenerator/pointers/success-pointer-arithmetic/cout.out
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+All assertions passed!
diff --git a/test/test-files/irgenerator/pointers/success-pointer-arithmetic/ir-code.ll b/test/test-files/irgenerator/pointers/success-pointer-arithmetic/ir-code.ll
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
+; ModuleID = 'source.spice'
+source_filename = "source.spice"
+
+@anon.array.0 = private unnamed_addr constant [3 x i32] [i32 1, i32 2, i32 3]
+@anon.string.0 = private unnamed_addr constant [61 x i8] c"Assertion failed: Condition '*aPtr == 1' evaluated to false.\00", align 1
+@anon.string.1 = private unnamed_addr constant [61 x i8] c"Assertion failed: Condition '*aPtr == 2' evaluated to false.\00", align 1
+@anon.string.2 = private unnamed_addr constant [61 x i8] c"Assertion failed: Condition '*aPtr == 1' evaluated to false.\00", align 1
+@anon.string.3 = private unnamed_addr constant [61 x i8] c"Assertion failed: Condition '*aPtr == 3' evaluated to false.\00", align 1
+@anon.string.4 = private unnamed_addr constant [61 x i8] c"Assertion failed: Condition '*aPtr == 1' evaluated to false.\00", align 1
+@printf.str.0 = private unnamed_addr constant [23 x i8] c"All assertions passed!\00", align 1
+
+; Function Attrs: noinline nounwind optnone uwtable
+define dso_local i32 @main() #0 {
+  %result = alloca i32, align 4
+  %a = alloca [3 x i32], align 4
+  %aPtr = alloca ptr, align 8
+  store i32 0, ptr %result, align 4
+  store [3 x i32] [i32 1, i32 2, i32 3], ptr %a, align 4
+  %1 = getelementptr inbounds [3 x i32], ptr %a, i32 0, i32 0
+  store ptr %1, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %2 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %3 = load i32, ptr %2, align 4
+  %4 = icmp eq i32 %3, 1
+  br i1 %4, label %assert.exit.L4, label %assert.then.L4, !prof !0
+
+assert.then.L4:                                   ; preds = %0
+  %5 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @anon.string.0)
+  call void @exit(i32 1)
+  unreachable
+
+assert.exit.L4:                                   ; preds = %0
+  %6 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %7 = getelementptr i32, ptr %6, i64 1
+  store ptr %7, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %8 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %9 = load i32, ptr %8, align 4
+  %10 = icmp eq i32 %9, 2
+  br i1 %10, label %assert.exit.L6, label %assert.then.L6, !prof !0
+
+assert.then.L6:                                   ; preds = %assert.exit.L4
+  %11 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @anon.string.1)
+  call void @exit(i32 1)
+  unreachable
+
+assert.exit.L6:                                   ; preds = %assert.exit.L4
+  %12 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %13 = getelementptr i32, ptr %12, i64 -1
+  store ptr %13, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %14 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %15 = load i32, ptr %14, align 4
+  %16 = icmp eq i32 %15, 1
+  br i1 %16, label %assert.exit.L8, label %assert.then.L8, !prof !0
+
+assert.then.L8:                                   ; preds = %assert.exit.L6
+  %17 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @anon.string.2)
+  call void @exit(i32 1)
+  unreachable
+
+assert.exit.L8:                                   ; preds = %assert.exit.L6
+  %18 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %19 = getelementptr i32, ptr %18, i64 2
+  store ptr %19, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %20 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %21 = load i32, ptr %20, align 4
+  %22 = icmp eq i32 %21, 3
+  br i1 %22, label %assert.exit.L10, label %assert.then.L10, !prof !0
+
+assert.then.L10:                                  ; preds = %assert.exit.L8
+  %23 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @anon.string.3)
+  call void @exit(i32 1)
+  unreachable
+
+assert.exit.L10:                                  ; preds = %assert.exit.L8
+  %24 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %25 = getelementptr i32, ptr %24, i64 -2
+  store ptr %25, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %26 = load ptr, ptr %aPtr, align 8
+  %27 = load i32, ptr %26, align 4
+  %28 = icmp eq i32 %27, 1
+  br i1 %28, label %assert.exit.L12, label %assert.then.L12, !prof !0
+
+assert.then.L12:                                  ; preds = %assert.exit.L10
+  %29 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr @anon.string.4)
+  call void @exit(i32 1)
+  unreachable
+
+assert.exit.L12:                                  ; preds = %assert.exit.L10
+  %30 = call i32 (ptr, ...) @printf(ptr noundef @printf.str.0)
+  %31 = load i32, ptr %result, align 4
+  ret i32 %31
+}
+
+; Function Attrs: nofree nounwind
+declare noundef i32 @printf(ptr nocapture noundef readonly, ...) #1
+
+; Function Attrs: cold noreturn nounwind
+declare void @exit(i32) #2
+
+attributes #0 = { noinline nounwind optnone uwtable }
+attributes #1 = { nofree nounwind }
+attributes #2 = { cold noreturn nounwind }
+
+!0 = !{!"branch_weights", i32 2000, i32 1}
diff --git a/test/test-files/irgenerator/pointers/success-pointer-arithmetic/source.spice b/test/test-files/irgenerator/pointers/success-pointer-arithmetic/source.spice
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+f<int> main() {
+    int[3] a = [1, 2, 3];
+    int* aPtr = &a[0];
+    assert *aPtr == 1;
+    unsafe { aPtr++; }
+    assert *aPtr == 2;
+    unsafe { aPtr--; }
+    assert *aPtr == 1;
+    unsafe { aPtr += 2; }
+    assert *aPtr == 3;
+    unsafe { aPtr -= 2; }
+    assert *aPtr == 1;
+    printf("All assertions passed!");
+}