Refactor to module pattern - deprecated bower support, changed output…

[zakhenry]

Refactor build, bootstrap & code to use commonjs module pattern. Deprecate bower entirely.

• Replace all bower dependencies with npm ones
• Refactor source ts to use module pattern
• Implement test runner
• fix tests
• implement production build phase
• add typings refs so dependent modules can pick them up
• verify code coverage is still processed (partial due to Better integration with other pre-processors gotwarlost/istanbul#212)
• update travis ci to use new process
• remove any redundant code from the gulpfile
• make sure the module has exports so the consumers can access the typed objects, or instantiate them directly.
• publish major version

Version type: #Major#

[coveralls]

Coverage decreased (-4.0%) to 96.026% when pulling ea8eada on feature/module-pattern-refactor into 97ea1c3 on master.

[coveralls]

Coverage remained the same at 100.0% when pulling f84d19f on feature/module-pattern-refactor into 97ea1c3 on master.