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Fix detector StringConcatenation to detect bug SBSC_USE_STRINGBUFFER_…
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…CONCATENATION also in Java 11 and above (#2186)

* Test for Issue #2182

* Fix detector `StringConcatenation` to detect bug `SBSC_USE_STRINGBUFFER_CONCATENATION` also in Java 11 and above

Instead of using `StringBuffer` or `StringBuilder` internally, Java 11 and above uses a dynamic call to `makeConcatWithConstants()` to append strings. However, in case of loops, this is still less efficient than creating a `StringBuffer` or `StringBuilder` outside the loop and using it inside to build the string. Previously, the `StringConcatenation` detector missed all the cases in Java 11 and higher, but this PR fixes this. See issue [#2182](#2182).

* Updated according to the comments of @ThrawnCA

Co-authored-by: Kengo TODA <skypencil@gmail.com>
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baloghadamsoftware and KengoTODA committed Oct 11, 2022
1 parent c4c26c1 commit b4560e0
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1 change: 1 addition & 0 deletions CHANGELOG.md
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Expand Up @@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ Currently the versioning policy of this project follows [Semantic Versioning v2.
- Fixed detector `DontUseFloatsAsLoopCounters` to prevent false positives. ([#2126](https://github.com/spotbugs/spotbugs/issues/2126))
- Fixed regression in `4.7.2` caused by ([#2141](https://github.com/spotbugs/spotbugs/pull/2141))
- improve compatibility with later version of jdk (>= 13). ([#2188](https://github.com/spotbugs/spotbugs/issues/2188))
- Fixed detector `StringConcatenation` to detect bug `SBSC_USE_STRINGBUFFER_CONCATENATION` also in Java 11 and above ([#2182](https://github.com/spotbugs/spotbugs/issues/2182))
- Fixed `OpcodeStackDetector` to to handle propagation of taints properly in case of string concatenation in Java 9 and above ([#2183](https://github.com/spotbugs/spotbugs/issues/2183))
- Bump up log4j2 binding to `2.19.0`
- Bump ObjectWeb ASM from 9.3 to 9.4 supporting JDK 20 ([#2200](https://github.com/spotbugs/spotbugs/pull/2200))
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@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
package edu.umd.cs.findbugs.detect;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.AbstractIntegrationTest;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.test.matcher.BugInstanceMatcher;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.test.matcher.BugInstanceMatcherBuilder;

import static org.junit.Assume.assumeFalse;
import static org.junit.Assume.assumeThat;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.hasItem;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.number.OrderingComparison.greaterThanOrEqualTo;

public class Issue2182Test extends AbstractIntegrationTest {
@Before
public void verifyJavaVersion() {
assumeFalse(System.getProperty("java.specification.version").startsWith("1."));
int javaVersion = Integer.parseInt(System.getProperty("java.specification.version"));
assumeThat(javaVersion, is(greaterThanOrEqualTo(11)));
}

@Test
public void test() {
performAnalysis("../java11/ghIssues/Issue2182.class");
BugInstanceMatcher matcher = new BugInstanceMatcherBuilder()
.bugType("SBSC_USE_STRINGBUFFER_CONCATENATION")
.inClass("Issue2182")
.inMethod("test")
.atLine(22)
.build();
assertThat(getBugCollection(), hasItem(matcher));
}
}
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Expand Up @@ -29,9 +29,10 @@

import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.BugInstance;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.BugReporter;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.BytecodeScanningDetector;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.StatelessDetector;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.SystemProperties;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.OpcodeStack.Item;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.bcel.OpcodeStackDetector;
import edu.umd.cs.findbugs.visitclass.DismantleBytecode;

/**
Expand All @@ -42,7 +43,7 @@
* @author Dave Brosius
* @author William Pugh
*/
public class StringConcatenation extends BytecodeScanningDetector implements StatelessDetector {
public class StringConcatenation extends OpcodeStackDetector implements StatelessDetector {
private static final boolean DEBUG = SystemProperties.getBoolean("sbsc.debug");

static final int SEEN_NOTHING = 0;
Expand All @@ -61,8 +62,6 @@ public class StringConcatenation extends BytecodeScanningDetector implements Sta

private boolean reportedThisMethod;

private int registerOnStack = -1;

private int stringSource = -1;

private int createPC = -1;
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -91,7 +90,6 @@ public void visit(Method obj) {
private void reset() {
state = SEEN_NOTHING;
createPC = -1;
registerOnStack = -1;
stringSource = -1;

// For debugging: print what call to reset() is being invoked.
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -119,6 +117,23 @@ private boolean storeIntoRegister(int seen, int reg) {
}
}

private int getRegisterOnStack() {
return getRegisterOnStack(0);
}

private int getRegisterOnStack(int idx) {
if (idx >= stack.getStackDepth()) {
return -1;
}

Item item = stack.getStackItem(idx);
if (item == null) {
return -1;
}

return item.getRegisterNumber();
}

@Override
public void sawOpcode(int seen) {
if (reportedThisMethod) {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -161,10 +176,15 @@ public void sawOpcode(int seen) {
if ((seen == Const.NEW) && getClassConstantOperand().startsWith("java/lang/StringBu")) {
state = SEEN_NEW;
createPC = getPC();
} else if (seen == Const.INVOKEDYNAMIC && "makeConcatWithConstants".equals(getNameConstantOperand())) {
state = CONSTRUCTED_STRING_ON_STACK;
stringSource = getRegisterOnStack(1);
createPC = getPC();
}
break;

case SEEN_NEW:
int registerOnStack = getRegisterOnStack();
if (seen == Const.INVOKESPECIAL && Const.CONSTRUCTOR_NAME.equals(getNameConstantOperand())
&& "(Ljava/lang/String;)V".equals(getSigConstantOperand())
&& getClassConstantOperand().startsWith("java/lang/StringBu") && registerOnStack >= 0) {
Expand Down Expand Up @@ -263,32 +283,10 @@ && getClassConstantOperand().startsWith("java/lang/StringBu")) {
if (seen == Const.INVOKESTATIC && "valueOf".equals(getNameConstantOperand())
&& "java/lang/String".equals(getClassConstantOperand())
&& "(Ljava/lang/Object;)Ljava/lang/String;".equals(getSigConstantOperand())) {
// leave registerOnStack unchanged
} else {
registerOnStack = -1;
switch (seen) {
case Const.ALOAD_0:
registerOnStack = 0;
break;
case Const.ALOAD_1:
registerOnStack = 1;
break;
case Const.ALOAD_2:
registerOnStack = 2;
break;
case Const.ALOAD_3:
registerOnStack = 3;
break;
case Const.ALOAD:
registerOnStack = getRegisterOperand();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
if (DEBUG && state != oldState) {
System.out.println("At PC " + getPC() + " changing from state " + oldState + " to state " + state + ", regOnStack = "
+ registerOnStack);
+ getRegisterOnStack());
}
}
}
28 changes: 28 additions & 0 deletions spotbugsTestCases/src/java11/Issue2182.java
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@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
package ghIssues;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;

public class Issue2182 {

public void test() {
List<String> A = new ArrayList<String>();
A.add("Alex");
A.add("john");
A.add("lily");
A.add("tracy");
Iterator <String>it = A.iterator();

it = A.iterator();
String add = "";
while (it.hasNext()) {
String retrieve = it.next();
if (retrieve != null && !"".equals(retrieve)) {
add += retrieve;
}
System.out.println(add);
}
}

}

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