/
bignum.c
2706 lines (2396 loc) · 53.5 KB
/
bignum.c
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
/**********************************************************************
bignum.c -
$Author$
created at: Fri Jun 10 00:48:55 JST 1994
Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto
**********************************************************************/
#include "ruby/ruby.h"
#include <math.h>
#include <float.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#ifdef HAVE_IEEEFP_H
#include <ieeefp.h>
#endif
VALUE rb_cBignum;
#if defined __MINGW32__
#define USHORT _USHORT
#endif
#define BDIGITS(x) (RBIGNUM_DIGITS(x))
#define BITSPERDIG (SIZEOF_BDIGITS*CHAR_BIT)
#define BIGRAD ((BDIGIT_DBL)1 << BITSPERDIG)
#define DIGSPERLONG ((unsigned int)(SIZEOF_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS))
#if HAVE_LONG_LONG
# define DIGSPERLL ((unsigned int)(SIZEOF_LONG_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS))
#endif
#define BIGUP(x) ((BDIGIT_DBL)(x) << BITSPERDIG)
#define BIGDN(x) RSHIFT(x,BITSPERDIG)
#define BIGLO(x) ((BDIGIT)((x) & (BIGRAD-1)))
#define BDIGMAX ((BDIGIT)-1)
#define BIGZEROP(x) (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) == 0 || \
(BDIGITS(x)[0] == 0 && \
(RBIGNUM_LEN(x) == 1 || bigzero_p(x))))
static int
bigzero_p(VALUE x)
{
long i;
for (i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x) - 1; 0 <= i; i--) {
if (BDIGITS(x)[i]) return 0;
}
return 1;
}
int
rb_cmpint(VALUE val, VALUE a, VALUE b)
{
if (NIL_P(val)) {
rb_cmperr(a, b);
}
if (FIXNUM_P(val)) return FIX2INT(val);
if (TYPE(val) == T_BIGNUM) {
if (BIGZEROP(val)) return 0;
if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(val)) return 1;
return -1;
}
if (RTEST(rb_funcall(val, '>', 1, INT2FIX(0)))) return 1;
if (RTEST(rb_funcall(val, '<', 1, INT2FIX(0)))) return -1;
return 0;
}
#define RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(b,l) \
((RBASIC(b)->flags & RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG) ? \
(RBASIC(b)->flags = (RBASIC(b)->flags & ~RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MASK) | \
((l) << RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_SHIFT)) : \
(RBIGNUM(b)->as.heap.len = (l)))
static void
rb_big_realloc(VALUE big, long len)
{
BDIGIT *ds;
if (RBASIC(big)->flags & RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG) {
if (RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX < len) {
ds = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
MEMCPY(ds, RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, BDIGIT, RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX);
RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.len = RBIGNUM_LEN(big);
RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ds;
RBASIC(big)->flags &= ~RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
}
}
else {
if (len <= RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
ds = RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits;
RBASIC(big)->flags |= RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
if (ds) {
MEMCPY(RBIGNUM(big)->as.ary, ds, BDIGIT, len);
xfree(ds);
}
}
else {
if (RBIGNUM_LEN(big) == 0) {
RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits = ALLOC_N(BDIGIT, len);
}
else {
REALLOC_N(RBIGNUM(big)->as.heap.digits, BDIGIT, len);
}
}
}
}
void
rb_big_resize(VALUE big, long len)
{
rb_big_realloc(big, len);
RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
}
static VALUE
bignew_1(VALUE klass, long len, int sign)
{
NEWOBJ(big, struct RBignum);
OBJSETUP(big, klass, T_BIGNUM);
RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, sign?1:0);
if (len <= RBIGNUM_EMBED_LEN_MAX) {
RBASIC(big)->flags |= RBIGNUM_EMBED_FLAG;
RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, len);
}
else {
rb_big_resize((VALUE)big, len);
}
return (VALUE)big;
}
#define bignew(len,sign) bignew_1(rb_cBignum,len,sign)
VALUE
rb_big_clone(VALUE x)
{
VALUE z = bignew_1(CLASS_OF(x), RBIGNUM_LEN(x), RBIGNUM_SIGN(x));
MEMCPY(BDIGITS(z), BDIGITS(x), BDIGIT, RBIGNUM_LEN(x));
return z;
}
/* modify a bignum by 2's complement */
static void
get2comp(VALUE x)
{
long i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
BDIGIT_DBL num;
if (!i) return;
while (i--) ds[i] = ~ds[i];
i = 0; num = 1;
do {
num += ds[i];
ds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
num = BIGDN(num);
} while (i < RBIGNUM_LEN(x));
if (num != 0) {
rb_big_resize(x, RBIGNUM_LEN(x)+1);
ds = BDIGITS(x);
ds[RBIGNUM_LEN(x)-1] = 1;
}
}
void
rb_big_2comp(VALUE x) /* get 2's complement */
{
get2comp(x);
}
static VALUE
bigtrunc(VALUE x)
{
long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
if (len == 0) return x;
while (--len && !ds[len]);
rb_big_resize(x, len+1);
return x;
}
static VALUE
bigfixize(VALUE x)
{
long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
BDIGIT *ds = BDIGITS(x);
if (len*SIZEOF_BDIGITS <= sizeof(long)) {
long num = 0;
while (len--) {
num = BIGUP(num) + ds[len];
}
if (num >= 0) {
if (RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)) {
if (POSFIXABLE(num)) return LONG2FIX(num);
}
else {
if (NEGFIXABLE(-(long)num)) return LONG2FIX(-(long)num);
}
}
}
return x;
}
static VALUE
bignorm(VALUE x)
{
if (!FIXNUM_P(x) && TYPE(x) == T_BIGNUM) {
x = bigfixize(bigtrunc(x));
}
return x;
}
VALUE
rb_big_norm(VALUE x)
{
return bignorm(x);
}
VALUE
rb_uint2big(VALUE n)
{
BDIGIT_DBL num = n;
long i = 0;
BDIGIT *digits;
VALUE big;
big = bignew(DIGSPERLONG, 1);
digits = BDIGITS(big);
while (i < DIGSPERLONG) {
digits[i++] = BIGLO(num);
num = BIGDN(num);
}
i = DIGSPERLONG;
while (--i && !digits[i]) ;
RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
return big;
}
VALUE
rb_int2big(SIGNED_VALUE n)
{
long neg = 0;
VALUE big;
if (n < 0) {
n = -n;
neg = 1;
}
big = rb_uint2big(n);
if (neg) {
RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
}
return big;
}
VALUE
rb_uint2inum(VALUE n)
{
if (POSFIXABLE(n)) return LONG2FIX(n);
return rb_uint2big(n);
}
VALUE
rb_int2inum(SIGNED_VALUE n)
{
if (FIXABLE(n)) return LONG2FIX(n);
return rb_int2big(n);
}
#ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
void
rb_quad_pack(char *buf, VALUE val)
{
LONG_LONG q;
val = rb_to_int(val);
if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
q = FIX2LONG(val);
}
else {
long len = RBIGNUM_LEN(val);
BDIGIT *ds;
if (len > SIZEOF_LONG_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS) {
len = SIZEOF_LONG_LONG/SIZEOF_BDIGITS;
}
ds = BDIGITS(val);
q = 0;
while (len--) {
q = BIGUP(q);
q += ds[len];
}
if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(val)) q = -q;
}
memcpy(buf, (char*)&q, SIZEOF_LONG_LONG);
}
VALUE
rb_quad_unpack(const char *buf, int sign)
{
unsigned LONG_LONG q;
long neg = 0;
long i;
BDIGIT *digits;
VALUE big;
memcpy(&q, buf, SIZEOF_LONG_LONG);
if (sign) {
if (FIXABLE((LONG_LONG)q)) return LONG2FIX((LONG_LONG)q);
if ((LONG_LONG)q < 0) {
q = -(LONG_LONG)q;
neg = 1;
}
}
else {
if (POSFIXABLE(q)) return LONG2FIX(q);
}
i = 0;
big = bignew(DIGSPERLL, 1);
digits = BDIGITS(big);
while (i < DIGSPERLL) {
digits[i++] = BIGLO(q);
q = BIGDN(q);
}
i = DIGSPERLL;
while (i-- && !digits[i]) ;
RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
if (neg) {
RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
}
return bignorm(big);
}
#else
#define QUAD_SIZE 8
void
rb_quad_pack(char *buf, VALUE val)
{
long len;
memset(buf, 0, QUAD_SIZE);
val = rb_to_int(val);
if (FIXNUM_P(val)) {
val = rb_int2big(FIX2LONG(val));
}
len = RBIGNUM_LEN(val) * SIZEOF_BDIGITS;
if (len > QUAD_SIZE) {
rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `quad int'");
}
memcpy(buf, (char*)BDIGITS(val), len);
if (!RBIGNUM_SIGN(val)) {
len = QUAD_SIZE;
while (len--) {
*buf = ~*buf;
buf++;
}
}
}
#define BNEG(b) (RSHIFT(((BDIGIT*)b)[QUAD_SIZE/SIZEOF_BDIGITS-1],BITSPERDIG-1) != 0)
VALUE
rb_quad_unpack(const char *buf, int sign)
{
VALUE big = bignew(QUAD_SIZE/SIZEOF_BDIGITS, 1);
memcpy((char*)BDIGITS(big), buf, QUAD_SIZE);
if (sign && BNEG(buf)) {
long len = QUAD_SIZE;
char *tmp = (char*)BDIGITS(big);
RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
while (len--) {
*tmp = ~*tmp;
tmp++;
}
}
return bignorm(big);
}
#endif
VALUE
rb_cstr_to_inum(const char *str, int base, int badcheck)
{
const char *s = str;
char *end;
char sign = 1, nondigit = 0;
int c;
BDIGIT_DBL num;
long len, blen = 1;
long i;
VALUE z;
BDIGIT *zds;
#define conv_digit(c) \
(!ISASCII(c) ? -1 : \
ISDIGIT(c) ? ((c) - '0') : \
ISLOWER(c) ? ((c) - 'a' + 10) : \
ISUPPER(c) ? ((c) - 'A' + 10) : \
-1)
if (!str) {
if (badcheck) goto bad;
return INT2FIX(0);
}
while (ISSPACE(*str)) str++;
if (str[0] == '+') {
str++;
}
else if (str[0] == '-') {
str++;
sign = 0;
}
if (str[0] == '+' || str[0] == '-') {
if (badcheck) goto bad;
return INT2FIX(0);
}
if (base <= 0) {
if (str[0] == '0') {
switch (str[1]) {
case 'x': case 'X':
base = 16;
break;
case 'b': case 'B':
base = 2;
break;
case 'o': case 'O':
base = 8;
break;
case 'd': case 'D':
base = 10;
break;
default:
base = 8;
}
}
else if (base < -1) {
base = -base;
}
else {
base = 10;
}
}
switch (base) {
case 2:
len = 1;
if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'b'||str[1] == 'B')) {
str += 2;
}
break;
case 3:
len = 2;
break;
case 8:
if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'o'||str[1] == 'O')) {
str += 2;
}
case 4: case 5: case 6: case 7:
len = 3;
break;
case 10:
if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'd'||str[1] == 'D')) {
str += 2;
}
case 9: case 11: case 12: case 13: case 14: case 15:
len = 4;
break;
case 16:
len = 4;
if (str[0] == '0' && (str[1] == 'x'||str[1] == 'X')) {
str += 2;
}
break;
default:
if (base < 2 || 36 < base) {
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
}
if (base <= 32) {
len = 5;
}
else {
len = 6;
}
break;
}
if (*str == '0') { /* squeeze preceding 0s */
int us = 0;
while ((c = *++str) == '0' || c == '_') {
if (c == '_') {
if (++us >= 2)
break;
} else
us = 0;
}
if (!(c = *str) || ISSPACE(c)) --str;
}
c = *str;
c = conv_digit(c);
if (c < 0 || c >= base) {
if (badcheck) goto bad;
return INT2FIX(0);
}
len *= strlen(str)*sizeof(char);
if (len <= (sizeof(long)*CHAR_BIT)) {
unsigned long val = STRTOUL(str, &end, base);
if (str < end && *end == '_') goto bigparse;
if (badcheck) {
if (end == str) goto bad; /* no number */
while (*end && ISSPACE(*end)) end++;
if (*end) goto bad; /* trailing garbage */
}
if (POSFIXABLE(val)) {
if (sign) return LONG2FIX(val);
else {
long result = -(long)val;
return LONG2FIX(result);
}
}
else {
VALUE big = rb_uint2big(val);
RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, sign);
return bignorm(big);
}
}
bigparse:
len = (len/BITSPERDIG)+1;
if (badcheck && *str == '_') goto bad;
z = bignew(len, sign);
zds = BDIGITS(z);
for (i=len;i--;) zds[i]=0;
while ((c = *str++) != 0) {
if (c == '_') {
if (nondigit) {
if (badcheck) goto bad;
break;
}
nondigit = c;
continue;
}
else if ((c = conv_digit(c)) < 0) {
break;
}
if (c >= base) break;
nondigit = 0;
i = 0;
num = c;
for (;;) {
while (i<blen) {
num += (BDIGIT_DBL)zds[i]*base;
zds[i++] = BIGLO(num);
num = BIGDN(num);
}
if (num) {
blen++;
continue;
}
break;
}
}
if (badcheck) {
str--;
if (s+1 < str && str[-1] == '_') goto bad;
while (*str && ISSPACE(*str)) str++;
if (*str) {
bad:
rb_invalid_str(s, "Integer");
}
}
return bignorm(z);
}
VALUE
rb_str_to_inum(VALUE str, int base, int badcheck)
{
char *s;
long len;
StringValue(str);
if (badcheck) {
s = StringValueCStr(str);
}
else {
s = RSTRING_PTR(str);
}
if (s) {
len = RSTRING_LEN(str);
if (s[len]) { /* no sentinel somehow */
char *p = ALLOCA_N(char, len+1);
MEMCPY(p, s, char, len);
p[len] = '\0';
s = p;
}
}
return rb_cstr_to_inum(s, base, badcheck);
}
#if HAVE_LONG_LONG
static VALUE
rb_ull2big(unsigned LONG_LONG n)
{
BDIGIT_DBL num = n;
long i = 0;
BDIGIT *digits;
VALUE big;
big = bignew(DIGSPERLL, 1);
digits = BDIGITS(big);
while (i < DIGSPERLL) {
digits[i++] = BIGLO(num);
num = BIGDN(num);
}
i = DIGSPERLL;
while (i-- && !digits[i]) ;
RBIGNUM_SET_LEN(big, i+1);
return big;
}
static VALUE
rb_ll2big(LONG_LONG n)
{
long neg = 0;
VALUE big;
if (n < 0) {
n = -n;
neg = 1;
}
big = rb_ull2big(n);
if (neg) {
RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(big, 0);
}
return big;
}
VALUE
rb_ull2inum(unsigned LONG_LONG n)
{
if (POSFIXABLE(n)) return LONG2FIX(n);
return rb_ull2big(n);
}
VALUE
rb_ll2inum(LONG_LONG n)
{
if (FIXABLE(n)) return LONG2FIX(n);
return rb_ll2big(n);
}
#endif /* HAVE_LONG_LONG */
VALUE
rb_cstr2inum(const char *str, int base)
{
return rb_cstr_to_inum(str, base, base==0);
}
VALUE
rb_str2inum(VALUE str, int base)
{
return rb_str_to_inum(str, base, base==0);
}
const char ruby_digitmap[] = "0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
static VALUE bigsqr(VALUE x);
static void bigdivmod(VALUE x, VALUE y, VALUE *divp, VALUE *modp);
#define POW2_P(x) (((x)&((x)-1))==0)
static inline int
ones(register unsigned long x)
{
#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
# define MASK_55 0x5555555555555555UL
# define MASK_33 0x3333333333333333UL
# define MASK_0f 0x0f0f0f0f0f0f0f0fUL
#else
# define MASK_55 0x55555555UL
# define MASK_33 0x33333333UL
# define MASK_0f 0x0f0f0f0fUL
#endif
x -= (x >> 1) & MASK_55;
x = ((x >> 2) & MASK_33) + (x & MASK_33);
x = ((x >> 4) + x) & MASK_0f;
x += (x >> 8);
x += (x >> 16);
#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
x += (x >> 32);
#endif
return (int)(x & 0x7f);
#undef MASK_0f
#undef MASK_33
#undef MASK_55
}
static inline unsigned long
next_pow2(register unsigned long x)
{
x |= x >> 1;
x |= x >> 2;
x |= x >> 4;
x |= x >> 8;
x |= x >> 16;
#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
x |= x >> 32;
#endif
return x + 1;
}
static inline int
floor_log2(register unsigned long x)
{
x |= x >> 1;
x |= x >> 2;
x |= x >> 4;
x |= x >> 8;
x |= x >> 16;
#if SIZEOF_LONG == 8
x |= x >> 32;
#endif
return (int)ones(x) - 1;
}
static inline int
ceil_log2(register unsigned long x)
{
return floor_log2(x) + !POW2_P(x);
}
#define LOG2_KARATSUBA_DIGITS 7
#define KARATSUBA_DIGITS (1L<<LOG2_KARATSUBA_DIGITS)
#define MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES 64
static VALUE big2str_power_cache[35][MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES];
static void
power_cache_init(void)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 35; ++i) {
for (j = 0; j < MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES; ++j) {
big2str_power_cache[i][j] = Qnil;
}
}
}
static inline VALUE
power_cache_get_power0(int base, int i)
{
if (NIL_P(big2str_power_cache[base - 2][i])) {
big2str_power_cache[base - 2][i] =
i == 0 ? rb_big_pow(rb_int2big(base), INT2FIX(KARATSUBA_DIGITS))
: bigsqr(power_cache_get_power0(base, i - 1));
rb_gc_register_mark_object(big2str_power_cache[base - 2][i]);
}
return big2str_power_cache[base - 2][i];
}
static VALUE
power_cache_get_power(int base, long n1, long* m1)
{
long i, j, m;
VALUE t;
if (n1 <= KARATSUBA_DIGITS)
rb_bug("n1 > KARATSUBA_DIGITS");
m = ceil_log2(n1);
if (m1) *m1 = 1 << m;
i = m - LOG2_KARATSUBA_DIGITS;
if (i >= MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES)
i = MAX_BIG2STR_TABLE_ENTRIES - 1;
t = power_cache_get_power0(base, i);
j = KARATSUBA_DIGITS*(1 << i);
while (n1 > j) {
t = bigsqr(t);
j *= 2;
}
return t;
}
/* big2str_muraken_find_n1
*
* Let a natural number x is given by:
* x = 2^0 * x_0 + 2^1 * x_1 + ... + 2^(B*n_0 - 1) * x_{B*n_0 - 1},
* where B is BITSPERDIG (i.e. BDIGITS*CHAR_BIT) and n_0 is
* RBIGNUM_LEN(x).
*
* Now, we assume n_1 = min_n \{ n | 2^(B*n_0/2) <= b_1^(n_1) \}, so
* it is realized that 2^(B*n_0) <= {b_1}^{2*n_1}, where b_1 is a
* given radix number. And then, we have n_1 <= (B*n_0) /
* (2*log_2(b_1)), therefore n_1 is given by ceil((B*n_0) /
* (2*log_2(b_1))).
*/
static long
big2str_find_n1(VALUE x, int base)
{
static const double log_2[] = {
1.0, 1.58496250072116, 2.0,
2.32192809488736, 2.58496250072116, 2.8073549220576,
3.0, 3.16992500144231, 3.32192809488736,
3.4594316186373, 3.58496250072116, 3.70043971814109,
3.8073549220576, 3.90689059560852, 4.0,
4.08746284125034, 4.16992500144231, 4.24792751344359,
4.32192809488736, 4.39231742277876, 4.4594316186373,
4.52356195605701, 4.58496250072116, 4.64385618977472,
4.70043971814109, 4.75488750216347, 4.8073549220576,
4.85798099512757, 4.90689059560852, 4.95419631038688,
5.0, 5.04439411935845, 5.08746284125034,
5.12928301694497, 5.16992500144231
};
long bits;
if (base < 2 || 36 < base)
rb_bug("invalid radix %d", base);
if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
bits = (SIZEOF_LONG*CHAR_BIT - 1)/2 + 1;
}
else if (BIGZEROP(x)) {
return 0;
}
else if (RBIGNUM_LEN(x) >= LONG_MAX/BITSPERDIG) {
rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum too big to convert into `string'");
}
else {
bits = BITSPERDIG*RBIGNUM_LEN(x);
}
return (long)ceil(bits/log_2[base - 2]);
}
static long
big2str_orig(VALUE x, int base, char* ptr, long len, long hbase, int trim)
{
long i = RBIGNUM_LEN(x), j = len;
BDIGIT* ds = BDIGITS(x);
while (i && j > 0) {
long k = i;
BDIGIT_DBL num = 0;
while (k--) { /* x / hbase */
num = BIGUP(num) + ds[k];
ds[k] = (BDIGIT)(num / hbase);
num %= hbase;
}
if (trim && ds[i-1] == 0) i--;
k = SIZEOF_BDIGITS;
while (k--) {
ptr[--j] = ruby_digitmap[num % base];
num /= base;
if (j <= 0) break;
if (trim && i == 0 && num == 0) break;
}
}
if (trim) {
while (j < len && ptr[j] == '0') j++;
MEMMOVE(ptr, ptr + j, char, len - j);
len -= j;
}
return len;
}
static long
big2str_karatsuba(VALUE x, int base, char* ptr,
long n1, long len, long hbase, int trim)
{
long lh, ll, m1;
VALUE b, q, r;
if (BIGZEROP(x)) {
if (trim) return 0;
else {
memset(ptr, '0', len);
return len;
}
}
if (n1 <= KARATSUBA_DIGITS) {
return big2str_orig(x, base, ptr, len, hbase, trim);
}
b = power_cache_get_power(base, n1, &m1);
bigdivmod(x, b, &q, &r);
lh = big2str_karatsuba(q, base, ptr, (len - m1)/2,
len - m1, hbase, trim);
rb_big_resize(q, 0);
ll = big2str_karatsuba(r, base, ptr + lh, m1/2,
m1, hbase, !lh && trim);
rb_big_resize(r, 0);
return lh + ll;
}
VALUE
rb_big2str0(VALUE x, int base, int trim)
{
int off;
VALUE ss, xx;
long n1, n2, len, hbase;
char* ptr;
if (FIXNUM_P(x)) {
return rb_fix2str(x, base);
}
if (BIGZEROP(x)) {
return rb_usascii_str_new2("0");
}
if (base < 2 || 36 < base)
rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid radix %d", base);
n2 = big2str_find_n1(x, base);
n1 = (n2 + 1) / 2;
ss = rb_usascii_str_new(0, n2 + 1); /* plus one for sign */
ptr = RSTRING_PTR(ss);
ptr[0] = RBIGNUM_SIGN(x) ? '+' : '-';
hbase = base*base;
#if SIZEOF_BDIGITS > 2
hbase *= hbase;
#endif
off = !(trim && RBIGNUM_SIGN(x)); /* erase plus sign if trim */
xx = rb_big_clone(x);
RBIGNUM_SET_SIGN(xx, 1);
if (n1 <= KARATSUBA_DIGITS) {
len = off + big2str_orig(xx, base, ptr + off, n2, hbase, trim);
}
else {
len = off + big2str_karatsuba(xx, base, ptr + off, n1,
n2, hbase, trim);
}
rb_big_resize(xx, 0);
ptr[len] = '\0';
rb_str_resize(ss, len);
return ss;
}
VALUE
rb_big2str(VALUE x, int base)
{
return rb_big2str0(x, base, 1);
}
/*
* call-seq:
* big.to_s(base=10) => string
*
* Returns a string containing the representation of <i>big</i> radix
* <i>base</i> (2 through 36).
*
* 12345654321.to_s #=> "12345654321"
* 12345654321.to_s(2) #=> "1011011111110110111011110000110001"
* 12345654321.to_s(8) #=> "133766736061"
* 12345654321.to_s(16) #=> "2dfdbbc31"
* 78546939656932.to_s(36) #=> "rubyrules"
*/
static VALUE
rb_big_to_s(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE x)
{
int base;
if (argc == 0) base = 10;
else {
VALUE b;
rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "01", &b);
base = NUM2INT(b);
}
return rb_big2str(x, base);
}