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aisejohan committed Aug 31, 2019
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Expand Up @@ -1765,14 +1765,15 @@ \section{Obtaining a scheme}
\item the action $a$ is free,
\item $X \to S$ is affine, or quasi-affine, or projective, or
quasi-projective, or $X$ is isomorphic to an open subscheme of an
affine scheme or isomorphic to an open subscheme of $\text{Proj}(A)$
for some graded ring $A$.
affine scheme, or $X$ is isomorphic to an open subscheme of $\text{Proj}(A)$
for some graded ring $A$, or $G \to S$ is radicial.
\end{enumerate}
Then the fppf quotient sheaf $X/G$ is a scheme.
Then the fppf quotient sheaf $X/G$ is a scheme and $X \to X/G$
is an fppf $G$-torsor.
\end{lemma}

\begin{proof}
Since the action is free the morphism
We first show that $X/G$ is a scheme. Since the action is free the morphism
$j = (a, \text{pr}) : G \times_S X \to X \times_S X$
is a monomorphism and hence an equivalence relation, see
Groupoids, Lemma \ref{groupoids-lemma-free-action}. The maps
Expand All @@ -1786,8 +1787,22 @@ \section{Obtaining a scheme}
affine scheme or isomorphic to an open subscheme of $\text{Proj}(A)$
for some graded ring $A$ this follows from
Properties, Lemma \ref{properties-lemma-ample-finite-set-in-affine}.
In the remaining cases, we may replace $S$ by an affine open and we
get back to the case we just dealt with. Some details omitted.
If $X \to S$ is affine, or quasi-affine, or projective, or
quasi-projective, we may replace $S$ by an affine open and we
get back to the case we just dealt with. If $G \to S$ is radicial,
then the orbits of points on $X$ under the action of $G$ are singletons
and the condition trivially holds. Some details omitted.

\medskip\noindent
To see that $X \to X/G$ is an fppf $G$-torsor
(Groupoids, Definition \ref{groupoids-definition-principal-homogeneous-space})
we have to show that $G \times_S X \to X \times_{X/G} X$
is an isomorphism and that $X \to X/G$ fppf locally has sections.
The second part is clear from the fact that $X \to X/G$ is surjective
as a map of fppf sheaves (by construction). The first part follows from
the isomorphism $R = U \times_M U$ in the conclusion of
Proposition \ref{proposition-finite-flat-equivalence-global}
(note that $R = G \times_S X$ in our case).
\end{proof}

\begin{lemma}
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