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Better proof of lemma what-does-it mean
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aisejohan committed May 7, 2024
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Expand Up @@ -23477,43 +23477,28 @@ \section{Criteria for flatness}
$\text{Tor}_1^R(N, M) = 0$ for any $R$-module $N$ annihilated by $I$.

\medskip\noindent
In particular, if we apply this to the
module $I/I^2$, then we conclude that the sequence
Let us prove (2) by induction on $m$. The case $m = 1$ was
done in the previous paragraph. For $N$ annihilated by $I^m$
for $m > 1$ we may choose an exact sequence
$0 \to N' \to N \to N'' \to 0$ with $N'$ and $N''$ annihilated
by $I^{m - 1}$. For example one can take $N' = IN$ and $N'' = N/IN$.
Then the exact sequence
$$
0 \to I^2 \otimes_R M \to I \otimes_R M \to I/I^2 \otimes_R M \to 0
\text{Tor}_1^R(N', M) \to
\text{Tor}_1^R(N, M) \to
\text{Tor}_1^R(N'', M)
$$
is short exact. This implies that $I^2 \otimes_R M \to M$ is injective
and it implies that $I/I^2 \otimes_{R/I} M/IM = IM/I^2M$.
and induction prove the vanishing we want.

\medskip\noindent
Let us prove that $M/I^2M$ is flat over $R/I^2$. Let $I^2 \subset J$
be an ideal. We have to show that
$J/I^2 \otimes_{R/I^2} M/I^2M \to M/I^2M$ is injective, see
Lemma \ref{lemma-flat}.
As $M/IM$ is flat over $R/I$ we know that the map
$(I + J)/I \otimes_{R/I} M/IM \to M/IM$ is injective.
The sequence
$$
(I \cap J)/I^2 \otimes_{R/I^2} M/I^2M \to
J/I^2 \otimes_{R/I^2} M/I^2M \to
(I + J)/I \otimes_{R/I} M/IM \to 0
$$
is exact, as you get it by tensoring the exact sequence
$0 \to (I \cap J) \to J \to (I + J)/I \to 0$ by $M/I^2M$.
Hence suffices to prove the injectivity of the map
$(I \cap J)/I^2 \otimes_{R/I} M/IM \to IM/I^2M$. However, the map
$(I \cap J)/I^2 \to I/I^2$ is injective and as $M/IM$
is flat over $R/I$ the map
$(I \cap J)/I^2 \otimes_{R/I} M/IM \to I/I^2 \otimes_{R/I} M/IM$
is injective. Since we have previously seen that
$I/I^2 \otimes_{R/I} M/IM = IM/I^2M$ we obtain the desired injectivity.

\medskip\noindent
Hence we have proven that the assumptions imply:
(a) $\text{Tor}_1^R(N, M) = 0$ for all $N$ annihilated by $I$,
(b) $I^2 \otimes_R M \to M$ is injective, and (c) $M/I^2M$ is flat
over $R/I^2$. Thus we can continue by induction to get the
same results for $I^n$ for all $n \geq 1$.
Finally, we prove (1). Given $n \geq 1$ we have to show that $M/I^nM$
is flat over $R/I^n$. In other words, we have to show that the functor
$N \mapsto N \otimes_{R/I^n} M/I^nM$ is exact on the category of $R$-modules
$N$ annihilated by $I^n$. However, for such $N$ we have
$N \otimes_{R/I^n} M/I^nM = N \otimes_R M$. By the vanishing of
$\text{Tor}_1$ in (2) we see that the functor $N \mapsto N \otimes_R M$
is exact on the category of $N$ annihilated by some power of $I$
and we conclude.
\end{proof}

\begin{lemma}
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