This repository is just a testing repo so we can try and straighten out the patchelf issues reported here. The Dockerfile held within will allow you to spin up a testing environment that builds a debuggable binutils, @staticfloat's patched patchelf, and copies in some example libraries from the linked issue. To use, run something akin to:
$ ./get-deps.sh
$ docker build -t patchelf_test .
$ docker run -ti patchelf_test /bin/bash
This will put you into a workspace that has libraries placed in the current working directory in a similar manner as described by @ogrisel, then run ./do_patchelf_dance.sh to run patchelf and then strip on the binaries, to make sure that everything works.
If something doesn't work, and you want to debug it, gdb and a debuggable strip are installed, just run gdb --args /usr/local/bin/strip -vS ./foo.so to debug and step through the strip binary.