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Fixed randomness post
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Bruno Skvorc committed May 23, 2019
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14 changes: 7 additions & 7 deletions authors/swader/09-randomness/en_US/final.md
Expand Up @@ -61,12 +61,12 @@ If we have a number X, then for example a six-fold quadratic VDF of that X can b
```js
((((((5^2)^2)^2)^2)^2)^2)^2 =
(((((25^2)^2)^2)^2)^2)^2 =
((((225^2)^2)^2)^2)^2 =
(((50625^2)^2)^2)^2 =
((2562890625^2)^2)^2 =
(6568408355712890625^2)^2 =
43143988327398919500410556793212890625^2 =
1861403728794734215467410604755702820123364205073812627233564853668212890625
((((625^2)^2)^2)^2)^2 =
(((390625^2)^2)^2)^2 =
((152587890625^2)^2)^2 =
(23283064365386962890625^2)^2 =
542101086242752217003726400434970855712890625^2 =
293873587705571876992184134305561419454666389193021880377187926569604314863681793212890625
```

As we go deeper, the results get more absurdly large. A reasonably deep VDF would take a long time to calculate as the math gets pretty intense for any computer. This example was inspired by an actual VDF that's up until recently been a part of a [cryptographic puzzle for opening a time-capsule at MIT](https://www.wired.com/story/a-programmer-solved-a-20-year-old-forgotten-crypto-puzzle/) - it used a depth od 80 trillion squares.
Expand All @@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ In Ethereum 2.0, this VDF has been defined to be 102 minutes long - over an hour

Such a highly specialized machine makes sure that anyone else who attempts to develop a better ASIC to regain that final bit of influence has to make it [100 times more efficient](https://www.zeroknowledge.fm/74) for it to be effective. Developing this device would be financial suicide, barring some manner of high-profile exploit that would in all likelihood completely destroy Ethereum as we know it were it to be successful.

One epoch in Ethereum 2.0 is 6.4 minutes. One RANDAO reveal happens every epoch, which means we can run a new VDF for every epoch. This comes down to 16 VDFs - and thereby 16 random numbers - per hour. This randomness is then the seed from which the next set of validators is selected, guaranteeing fairness.
One epoch in Ethereum 2.0 is 6.4 minutes. One RANDAO reveal happens every epoch, which means we can run a new VDF for every epoch. This comes down to 16 VDFs - and thereby 16 random numbers - per VDF period of 102.4 minutes. This randomness is then the seed from which the next set of validators is selected, guaranteeing fairness.

## Randomness in Nimbus

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