cdrom.cpp

#include "cdrom.h"
#include "common/align.h"
#include "common/cd_image.h"
#include "common/log.h"
#include "common/platform.h"
#include "common/state_wrapper.h"
#include "dma.h"
#include "imgui.h"
#include "interrupt_controller.h"
#include "settings.h"
#include "spu.h"
#include "system.h"
#include <cmath>
Log_SetChannel(CDROM);

#if defined(CPU_X64)
#include <emmintrin.h>
#endif

static constexpr std::array<const char*, 15> s_drive_state_names = {
  {"Idle", "Opening Shell", "Resetting", "Seeking (Physical)", "Seeking (Logical)", "Reading ID", "Reading TOC",
   "Reading", "Playing", "Pausing", "Stopping", "Changing Session", "Spinning Up", "Seeking (Implicit)",
   "Changing Speed/Implicit TOC Read"}};

struct CommandInfo
{
  const char* name;
  u8 expected_parameters;
};

static std::array<CommandInfo, 255> s_command_info = {{
  {"Sync", 0},       {"Getstat", 0},   {"Setloc", 3},  {"Play", 0},     {"Forward", 0}, {"Backward", 0},
  {"ReadN", 0},      {"MotorOn", 0},   {"Stop", 0},    {"Pause", 0},    {"Reset", 0},   {"Mute", 0},
  {"Demute", 0},     {"Setfilter", 2}, {"Setmode", 1}, {"Getparam", 0}, {"GetlocL", 0}, {"GetlocP", 0},
  {"SetSession", 1}, {"GetTN", 0},     {"GetTD", 1},   {"SeekL", 0},    {"SeekP", 0},   {"SetClock", 0},
  {"GetClock", 0},   {"Test", 1},      {"GetID", 0},   {"ReadS", 0},    {"Init", 0},    {"GetQ", 2},
  {"ReadTOC", 0},    {"VideoCD", 6},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},  {"Unknown", 0}, {"Unknown", 0},
  {"Unknown", 0},    {"Unknown", 0},   {nullptr, 0} // Unknown
}};

CDROM g_cdrom;

CDROM::CDROM() = default;

CDROM::~CDROM() = default;

void CDROM::Initialize()
{
  m_command_event = TimingEvents::CreateTimingEvent(
    "CDROM Command Event", 1, 1,
    [](void* param, TickCount ticks, TickCount ticks_late) { static_cast<CDROM*>(param)->ExecuteCommand(ticks_late); },
    this, false);
  m_command_second_response_event = TimingEvents::CreateTimingEvent(
    "CDROM Command Second Response Event", 1, 1,
    [](void* param, TickCount ticks, TickCount ticks_late) {
      static_cast<CDROM*>(param)->ExecuteCommandSecondResponse(ticks_late);
    },
    this, false);
  m_drive_event = TimingEvents::CreateTimingEvent(
    "CDROM Drive Event", 1, 1,
    [](void* param, TickCount ticks, TickCount ticks_late) { static_cast<CDROM*>(param)->ExecuteDrive(ticks_late); },
    this, false);

  if (g_settings.cdrom_readahead_sectors > 0)
    m_reader.StartThread(g_settings.cdrom_readahead_sectors);

  Reset();
}

void CDROM::Shutdown()
{
  m_command_event.reset();
  m_command_second_response_event.reset();
  m_drive_event.reset();
  m_reader.StopThread();
  m_reader.RemoveMedia();
}

void CDROM::Reset()
{
  m_command = Command::None;
  m_command_event->Deactivate();
  ClearCommandSecondResponse();
  ClearDriveState();
  m_status.bits = 0;
  m_secondary_status.bits = 0;
  m_secondary_status.motor_on = CanReadMedia();
  m_secondary_status.shell_open = !CanReadMedia();
  m_mode.bits = 0;
  m_mode.read_raw_sector = true;
  m_interrupt_enable_register = INTERRUPT_REGISTER_MASK;
  m_interrupt_flag_register = 0;
  m_pending_async_interrupt = 0;
  m_setloc_position = {};
  m_seek_start_lba = 0;
  m_seek_end_lba = 0;
  m_setloc_pending = false;
  m_read_after_seek = false;
  m_play_after_seek = false;
  m_muted = false;
  m_adpcm_muted = false;
  m_xa_filter_file_number = 0;
  m_xa_filter_channel_number = 0;
  m_xa_current_file_number = 0;
  m_xa_current_channel_number = 0;
  m_xa_current_set = false;
  std::memset(&m_last_sector_header, 0, sizeof(m_last_sector_header));
  std::memset(&m_last_sector_subheader, 0, sizeof(m_last_sector_subheader));
  m_last_sector_header_valid = false;
  std::memset(&m_last_subq, 0, sizeof(m_last_subq));
  m_last_cdda_report_frame_nibble = 0xFF;

  m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix[0][0] = 0x80;
  m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix[0][1] = 0x00;
  m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix[1][0] = 0x00;
  m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix[1][1] = 0x80;
  m_cd_audio_volume_matrix = m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix;
  ResetAudioDecoder();

  m_param_fifo.Clear();
  m_response_fifo.Clear();
  m_async_response_fifo.Clear();
  m_data_fifo.Clear();

  m_current_read_sector_buffer = 0;
  m_current_write_sector_buffer = 0;
  for (u32 i = 0; i < NUM_SECTOR_BUFFERS; i++)
  {
    m_sector_buffers[i].data.fill(0);
    m_sector_buffers[i].size = 0;
  }

  UpdateStatusRegister();

  SetHoldPosition(0, true);
}

void CDROM::SoftReset(TickCount ticks_late)
{
  const bool was_double_speed = m_mode.double_speed;

  ClearCommandSecondResponse();
  ClearDriveState();
  m_secondary_status.bits = 0;
  m_secondary_status.motor_on = CanReadMedia();
  m_secondary_status.shell_open = !CanReadMedia();
  m_mode.bits = 0;
  m_mode.read_raw_sector = true;
  m_pending_async_interrupt = 0;
  m_setloc_position = {};
  m_setloc_pending = false;
  m_read_after_seek = false;
  m_play_after_seek = false;
  m_muted = false;
  m_adpcm_muted = false;
  m_last_sector_header_valid = false;
  m_last_cdda_report_frame_nibble = 0xFF;

  ResetAudioDecoder();

  m_param_fifo.Clear();
  m_async_response_fifo.Clear();
  m_data_fifo.Clear();

  m_current_read_sector_buffer = 0;
  m_current_write_sector_buffer = 0;
  for (u32 i = 0; i < NUM_SECTOR_BUFFERS; i++)
  {
    m_sector_buffers[i].data.fill(0);
    m_sector_buffers[i].size = 0;
  }

  UpdateStatusRegister();

  if (HasMedia())
  {
    const TickCount toc_read_ticks = GetTicksForTOCRead();
    const TickCount speed_change_ticks = was_double_speed ? GetTicksForSpeedChange() : 0;
    const TickCount seek_ticks = (m_current_lba != 0) ? GetTicksForSeek(0) : 0;
    const TickCount total_ticks = toc_read_ticks + speed_change_ticks + seek_ticks - ticks_late;

    if (was_double_speed)
    {
      Log_DevPrintf("CDROM was double speed on reset, switching to single speed in %d ticks, reading TOC in %d ticks, "
                    "seeking in %d ticks",
                    speed_change_ticks, toc_read_ticks, seek_ticks);
    }
    else
    {
      Log_DevPrintf("CDROM reading TOC on reset in %d ticks and seeking in %d ticks", toc_read_ticks, seek_ticks);
    }

    if (m_current_lba != 0)
    {
      m_drive_state = DriveState::SeekingImplicit;
      m_drive_event->SetIntervalAndSchedule(total_ticks);
      m_requested_lba = 0;
      m_reader.QueueReadSector(m_requested_lba);
      m_seek_start_lba = m_current_lba;
      m_seek_end_lba = 0;
    }
    else
    {
      m_drive_state = DriveState::ChangingSpeedOrTOCRead;
      m_drive_event->Schedule(total_ticks);
    }
  }
}

bool CDROM::DoState(StateWrapper& sw)
{
  sw.Do(&m_command);
  sw.DoEx(&m_command_second_response, 53, Command::None);
  sw.Do(&m_drive_state);
  sw.Do(&m_status.bits);
  sw.Do(&m_secondary_status.bits);
  sw.Do(&m_mode.bits);

  bool current_double_speed = m_mode.double_speed;
  sw.Do(&current_double_speed);

  sw.Do(&m_interrupt_enable_register);
  sw.Do(&m_interrupt_flag_register);
  sw.Do(&m_pending_async_interrupt);
  sw.DoPOD(&m_setloc_position);
  sw.Do(&m_current_lba);
  sw.Do(&m_seek_start_lba);
  sw.Do(&m_seek_end_lba);
  sw.DoEx(&m_physical_lba, 49, m_current_lba);
  sw.DoEx(&m_physical_lba_update_tick, 49, static_cast<u32>(0));
  sw.DoEx(&m_physical_lba_update_carry, 54, static_cast<u32>(0));
  sw.Do(&m_setloc_pending);
  sw.Do(&m_read_after_seek);
  sw.Do(&m_play_after_seek);
  sw.Do(&m_muted);
  sw.Do(&m_adpcm_muted);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_filter_file_number);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_filter_channel_number);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_current_file_number);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_current_channel_number);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_current_set);
  sw.DoBytes(&m_last_sector_header, sizeof(m_last_sector_header));
  sw.DoBytes(&m_last_sector_subheader, sizeof(m_last_sector_subheader));
  sw.Do(&m_last_sector_header_valid);
  sw.DoBytes(&m_last_subq, sizeof(m_last_subq));
  sw.Do(&m_last_cdda_report_frame_nibble);
  sw.Do(&m_play_track_number_bcd);
  sw.Do(&m_async_command_parameter);

  sw.DoEx(&m_fast_forward_rate, 49, static_cast<s8>(0));

  sw.Do(&m_cd_audio_volume_matrix);
  sw.Do(&m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_last_samples);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_resample_ring_buffer);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_resample_p);
  sw.Do(&m_xa_resample_sixstep);
  sw.Do(&m_param_fifo);
  sw.Do(&m_response_fifo);
  sw.Do(&m_async_response_fifo);
  sw.Do(&m_data_fifo);

  sw.Do(&m_current_read_sector_buffer);
  sw.Do(&m_current_write_sector_buffer);
  for (u32 i = 0; i < NUM_SECTOR_BUFFERS; i++)
  {
    sw.Do(&m_sector_buffers[i].data);
    sw.Do(&m_sector_buffers[i].size);
  }

  sw.Do(&m_audio_fifo);
  sw.Do(&m_requested_lba);

  if (sw.IsReading())
  {
    if (m_reader.HasMedia())
      m_reader.QueueReadSector(m_requested_lba);
    UpdateCommandEvent();
    m_drive_event->SetState(!IsDriveIdle());

    // Time will get fixed up later.
    m_command_second_response_event->SetState(m_command_second_response != Command::None);
  }

  return !sw.HasError();
}

bool CDROM::IsMediaPS1Disc() const
{
  if (!m_reader.HasMedia())
    return false;

  // Check for a data track as the first track.
  if (m_reader.GetMedia()->GetTrackMode(1) == CDImage::TrackMode::Audio)
    return false;

  return true;
}

bool CDROM::DoesMediaRegionMatchConsole() const
{
  if (!g_settings.cdrom_region_check)
    return true;

  return System::GetRegion() == System::GetConsoleRegionForDiscRegion(m_disc_region);
}

void CDROM::InsertMedia(std::unique_ptr<CDImage> media)
{
  if (CanReadMedia())
    RemoveMedia();

  // set the region from the system area of the disc
  m_disc_region = System::GetRegionForImage(media.get());
  Log_InfoPrintf("Inserting new media, disc region: %s, console region: %s", Settings::GetDiscRegionName(m_disc_region),
                 Settings::GetConsoleRegionName(System::GetRegion()));

  // motor automatically spins up
  if (m_drive_state != DriveState::ShellOpening)
    StartMotor();

  m_reader.SetMedia(std::move(media));
  SetHoldPosition(0, true);
}

std::unique_ptr<CDImage> CDROM::RemoveMedia(bool force /* = false */)
{
  if (!HasMedia() && !force)
    return nullptr;

  const TickCount stop_ticks = GetTicksForStop(true);

  Log_InfoPrintf("Removing CD...");
  std::unique_ptr<CDImage> image = m_reader.RemoveMedia();

  m_last_sector_header_valid = false;

  m_secondary_status.motor_on = false;
  m_secondary_status.shell_open = true;
  m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
  m_disc_region = DiscRegion::Other;

  // If the drive was doing anything, we need to abort the command.
  ClearDriveState();
  ClearCommandSecondResponse();
  m_command = Command::None;
  m_command_event->Deactivate();

  // The console sends an interrupt when the shell is opened regardless of whether a command was executing.
  if (HasPendingAsyncInterrupt())
    ClearAsyncInterrupt();
  SendAsyncErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, 0x08);

  // Begin spin-down timer, we can't swap the new disc in immediately for some games (e.g. Metal Gear Solid).
  if (!force)
  {
    m_drive_state = DriveState::ShellOpening;
    m_drive_event->SetIntervalAndSchedule(stop_ticks);
  }

  return image;
}

void CDROM::SetReadaheadSectors(u32 readahead_sectors)
{
  const bool want_thread = (readahead_sectors > 0);
  if (want_thread == m_reader.IsUsingThread() && m_reader.GetReadaheadCount() == readahead_sectors)
    return;

  if (want_thread)
    m_reader.StartThread(readahead_sectors);
  else
    m_reader.StopThread();

  m_reader.QueueReadSector(m_requested_lba);
}

void CDROM::CPUClockChanged()
{
  // reschedule the disc read event
  if (IsReadingOrPlaying())
    m_drive_event->SetInterval(GetTicksForRead());
}

u8 CDROM::ReadRegister(u32 offset)
{
  switch (offset)
  {
    case 0: // status register
      Log_TracePrintf("CDROM read status register -> 0x%08X", m_status.bits);
      return m_status.bits;

    case 1: // always response FIFO
    {
      if (m_response_fifo.IsEmpty())
      {
        Log_DevPrint("Response FIFO empty on read");
        return 0x00;
      }

      const u8 value = m_response_fifo.Pop();
      UpdateStatusRegister();
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM read response FIFO -> 0x%08X", ZeroExtend32(value));
      return value;
    }

    case 2: // always data FIFO
    {
      const u8 value = m_data_fifo.Pop();
      UpdateStatusRegister();
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM read data FIFO -> 0x%08X", ZeroExtend32(value));
      return value;
    }

    case 3:
    {
      if (m_status.index & 1)
      {
        const u8 value = m_interrupt_flag_register | ~INTERRUPT_REGISTER_MASK;
        Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM read interrupt flag register -> 0x%02X", ZeroExtend32(value));
        return value;
      }
      else
      {
        const u8 value = m_interrupt_enable_register | ~INTERRUPT_REGISTER_MASK;
        Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM read interrupt enable register -> 0x%02X", ZeroExtend32(value));
        return value;
      }
    }
    break;
  }

  Log_ErrorPrintf("Unknown CDROM register read: offset=0x%02X, index=%d", offset,
                  ZeroExtend32(m_status.index.GetValue()));
  Panic("Unknown CDROM register");
  return 0;
}

void CDROM::WriteRegister(u32 offset, u8 value)
{
  if (offset == 0)
  {
    Log_TracePrintf("CDROM status register <- 0x%02X", value);
    m_status.bits = (m_status.bits & static_cast<u8>(~3)) | (value & u8(3));
    return;
  }

  const u32 reg = (m_status.index * 3u) + (offset - 1);
  switch (reg)
  {
    case 0:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM command register <- 0x%02X (%s)", value, s_command_info[value].name);
      BeginCommand(static_cast<Command>(value));
      return;
    }

    case 1:
    {
      if (m_param_fifo.IsFull())
      {
        Log_WarningPrintf("Parameter FIFO overflow");
        m_param_fifo.RemoveOne();
      }

      m_param_fifo.Push(value);
      UpdateStatusRegister();
      return;
    }

    case 2:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Request register <- 0x%02X", value);
      const RequestRegister rr{value};

      // Sound map is not currently implemented, haven't found anything which uses it.
      if (rr.SMEN)
        Log_ErrorPrintf("Sound map enable set");
      if (rr.BFWR)
        Log_ErrorPrintf("Buffer write enable set");

      if (rr.BFRD)
      {
        LoadDataFIFO();
      }
      else
      {
        Log_DebugPrintf("Clearing data FIFO");
        m_data_fifo.Clear();
      }

      UpdateStatusRegister();
      return;
    }

    case 3:
    {
      Log_ErrorPrintf("Sound map data out <- 0x%02X", value);
      return;
    }

    case 4:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Interrupt enable register <- 0x%02X", value);
      m_interrupt_enable_register = value & INTERRUPT_REGISTER_MASK;
      UpdateInterruptRequest();
      return;
    }

    case 5:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Interrupt flag register <- 0x%02X", value);
      m_interrupt_flag_register &= ~(value & INTERRUPT_REGISTER_MASK);
      if (m_interrupt_flag_register == 0)
      {
        if (HasPendingAsyncInterrupt())
          DeliverAsyncInterrupt();
        else
          UpdateCommandEvent();
      }

      // Bit 6 clears the parameter FIFO.
      if (value & 0x40)
      {
        m_param_fifo.Clear();
        UpdateStatusRegister();
      }

      return;
    }

    case 6:
    {
      Log_ErrorPrintf("Sound map coding info <- 0x%02X", value);
      return;
    }

    case 7:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Audio volume for left-to-left output <- 0x%02X", value);
      m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix[0][0] = value;
      return;
    }

    case 8:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Audio volume for left-to-right output <- 0x%02X", value);
      m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix[0][1] = value;
      return;
    }

    case 9:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Audio volume for right-to-right output <- 0x%02X", value);
      m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix[1][1] = value;
      return;
    }

    case 10:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Audio volume for right-to-left output <- 0x%02X", value);
      m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix[1][0] = value;
      return;
    }

    case 11:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Audio volume apply changes <- 0x%02X", value);

      const bool adpcm_muted = ConvertToBoolUnchecked(value & u8(0x01));
      if (adpcm_muted != m_adpcm_muted ||
          (value & 0x20 && std::memcmp(m_cd_audio_volume_matrix.data(), m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix.data(),
                                       sizeof(m_cd_audio_volume_matrix)) != 0))
      {
        if (HasPendingDiscEvent())
          m_drive_event->InvokeEarly();
        g_spu.GeneratePendingSamples();
      }

      m_adpcm_muted = adpcm_muted;
      if (value & 0x20)
        m_cd_audio_volume_matrix = m_next_cd_audio_volume_matrix;
      return;
    }

    default:
    {
      Log_ErrorPrintf("Unknown CDROM register write: offset=0x%02X, index=%d, reg=%u, value=0x%02X", offset,
                      m_status.index.GetValue(), reg, value);
      return;
    }
  }
}

void CDROM::DMARead(u32* words, u32 word_count)
{
  const u32 words_in_fifo = m_data_fifo.GetSize() / 4;
  if (words_in_fifo < word_count)
  {
    Log_ErrorPrintf("DMA read on empty/near-empty data FIFO");
    std::memset(words + words_in_fifo, 0, sizeof(u32) * (word_count - words_in_fifo));
  }

  const u32 bytes_to_read = std::min<u32>(word_count * sizeof(u32), m_data_fifo.GetSize());
  m_data_fifo.PopRange(reinterpret_cast<u8*>(words), bytes_to_read);
}

void CDROM::SetInterrupt(Interrupt interrupt)
{
  m_interrupt_flag_register = static_cast<u8>(interrupt);
  UpdateInterruptRequest();
}

void CDROM::SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt interrupt)
{
  if (m_interrupt_flag_register == static_cast<u8>(interrupt))
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Not setting async interrupt %u because there is already one unacknowledged",
                  static_cast<u8>(interrupt));
    m_async_response_fifo.Clear();
    return;
  }

  Assert(m_pending_async_interrupt == 0);
  m_pending_async_interrupt = static_cast<u8>(interrupt);
  if (!HasPendingInterrupt())
    DeliverAsyncInterrupt();
}

void CDROM::ClearAsyncInterrupt()
{
  m_pending_async_interrupt = 0;
  m_async_response_fifo.Clear();
}

void CDROM::DeliverAsyncInterrupt()
{
  Assert(m_pending_async_interrupt != 0 && !HasPendingInterrupt());
  Log_DebugPrintf("Delivering async interrupt %u", m_pending_async_interrupt);

  if (m_pending_async_interrupt == static_cast<u8>(Interrupt::DataReady))
    m_current_read_sector_buffer = m_current_write_sector_buffer;

  m_response_fifo.Clear();
  m_response_fifo.PushFromQueue(&m_async_response_fifo);
  m_interrupt_flag_register = m_pending_async_interrupt;
  m_pending_async_interrupt = 0;
  UpdateInterruptRequest();
  UpdateStatusRegister();
  UpdateCommandEvent();
}

void CDROM::SendACKAndStat()
{
  m_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
  SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
}

void CDROM::SendErrorResponse(u8 stat_bits /* = STAT_ERROR */, u8 reason /* = 0x80 */)
{
  m_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits | stat_bits);
  m_response_fifo.Push(reason);
  SetInterrupt(Interrupt::Error);
}

void CDROM::SendAsyncErrorResponse(u8 stat_bits /* = STAT_ERROR */, u8 reason /* = 0x80 */)
{
  m_async_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits | stat_bits);
  m_async_response_fifo.Push(reason);
  SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt::Error);
}

void CDROM::UpdateStatusRegister()
{
  m_status.ADPBUSY = false;
  m_status.PRMEMPTY = m_param_fifo.IsEmpty();
  m_status.PRMWRDY = !m_param_fifo.IsFull();
  m_status.RSLRRDY = !m_response_fifo.IsEmpty();
  m_status.DRQSTS = !m_data_fifo.IsEmpty();
  m_status.BUSYSTS = HasPendingCommand();

  g_dma.SetRequest(DMA::Channel::CDROM, m_status.DRQSTS);
}

void CDROM::UpdateInterruptRequest()
{
  if ((m_interrupt_flag_register & m_interrupt_enable_register) == 0)
    return;

  g_interrupt_controller.InterruptRequest(InterruptController::IRQ::CDROM);
}

bool CDROM::HasPendingDiscEvent() const
{
  return (m_drive_event->IsActive() && m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution() <= 0);
}

TickCount CDROM::GetAckDelayForCommand(Command command)
{
  if (command == Command::Init)
  {
    // Init takes longer.
    return 120000;
  }

  // Tests show that the average time to acknowledge a command is significantly higher when a disc is in the drive,
  // presumably because the controller is busy doing discy-things.
  constexpr u32 default_ack_delay_no_disc = 15000;
  constexpr u32 default_ack_delay_with_disc = 25000;
  return CanReadMedia() ? default_ack_delay_with_disc : default_ack_delay_no_disc;
}

TickCount CDROM::GetTicksForSpinUp()
{
  // 1 second
  return System::GetTicksPerSecond();
}

TickCount CDROM::GetTicksForIDRead()
{
  TickCount ticks = ID_READ_TICKS;
  if (m_drive_state == DriveState::SpinningUp)
    ticks += m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution();

  return ticks;
}

TickCount CDROM::GetTicksForRead()
{
  const TickCount tps = System::GetTicksPerSecond();

  if (g_settings.cdrom_read_speedup > 1 && !m_mode.cdda && !m_mode.xa_enable && m_mode.double_speed)
    return tps / (150 * g_settings.cdrom_read_speedup);

  return m_mode.double_speed ? (tps / 150) : (tps / 75);
}

TickCount CDROM::GetTicksForSeek(CDImage::LBA new_lba, bool ignore_speed_change)
{
  static constexpr TickCount MIN_TICKS = 20000;

  if (g_settings.cdrom_seek_speedup == 0)
    return MIN_TICKS;

  u32 ticks = static_cast<u32>(MIN_TICKS);
  if (IsSeeking())
    ticks += m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution();
  else
    UpdatePhysicalPosition(false);

  const u32 ticks_per_sector =
    m_mode.double_speed ? static_cast<u32>(System::MASTER_CLOCK / 150) : static_cast<u32>(System::MASTER_CLOCK / 75);
  const u32 ticks_per_second = static_cast<u32>(System::MASTER_CLOCK);
  const CDImage::LBA current_lba = m_secondary_status.motor_on ? (IsSeeking() ? m_seek_end_lba : m_physical_lba) : 0;
  const u32 lba_diff = static_cast<u32>((new_lba > current_lba) ? (new_lba - current_lba) : (current_lba - new_lba));

  // Motor spin-up time.
  if (!m_secondary_status.motor_on)
  {
    ticks +=
      (m_drive_state == DriveState::SpinningUp) ? m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution() : GetTicksForSpinUp();
    if (m_drive_state == DriveState::ShellOpening || m_drive_state == DriveState::SpinningUp)
      ClearDriveState();
  }

  if (lba_diff < 32)
  {
    ticks += ticks_per_sector * std::min<u32>(5u, lba_diff);
  }
  else
  {
    // This is a still not a very accurate model, but it's roughly in line with the behavior of hardware tests.
    const float disc_distance = 0.2323384936f * std::log(static_cast<float>((new_lba / 4500) + 1u));

    float seconds;
    if (lba_diff <= CDImage::FRAMES_PER_SECOND)
    {
      // 30ms + (diff * 30ms) + (disc distance * 30ms)
      seconds = 0.03f + ((static_cast<float>(lba_diff) / static_cast<float>(CDImage::FRAMES_PER_SECOND)) * 0.03f) +
                (disc_distance * 0.03f);
    }
    else if (lba_diff <= CDImage::FRAMES_PER_MINUTE)
    {
      // 150ms + (diff * 30ms) + (disc distance * 50ms)
      seconds = 0.15f + ((static_cast<float>(lba_diff) / static_cast<float>(CDImage::FRAMES_PER_MINUTE)) * 0.03f) +
                (disc_distance * 0.05f);
    }
    else
    {
      // 200ms + (diff * 500ms)
      seconds = 0.2f + ((static_cast<float>(lba_diff) / static_cast<float>(72 * CDImage::FRAMES_PER_MINUTE)) * 0.4f);
    }

    ticks += static_cast<u32>(seconds * static_cast<float>(ticks_per_second));
  }

  if (m_drive_state == DriveState::ChangingSpeedOrTOCRead && !ignore_speed_change)
  {
    // we're still reading the TOC, so add that time in
    const TickCount remaining_change_ticks = m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution();
    ticks += remaining_change_ticks;

    Log_DevPrintf("Seek time for %u LBAs: %d (%.3f ms) (%d for speed change/implicit TOC read)", lba_diff, ticks,
                  (static_cast<float>(ticks) / static_cast<float>(ticks_per_second)) * 1000.0f, remaining_change_ticks);
  }
  else
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Seek time for %u LBAs: %d (%.3f ms)", lba_diff, ticks,
                  (static_cast<float>(ticks) / static_cast<float>(ticks_per_second)) * 1000.0f);
  }

  if (g_settings.cdrom_seek_speedup > 1)
    ticks = std::min<u32>(ticks / g_settings.cdrom_seek_speedup, MIN_TICKS);

  return System::ScaleTicksToOverclock(static_cast<TickCount>(ticks));
}

TickCount CDROM::GetTicksForStop(bool motor_was_on)
{
  return System::ScaleTicksToOverclock(motor_was_on ? (m_mode.double_speed ? 25000000 : 13000000) : 7000);
}

TickCount CDROM::GetTicksForSpeedChange()
{
  static constexpr u32 ticks_single_to_double = static_cast<u32>(0.8 * static_cast<double>(System::MASTER_CLOCK));
  static constexpr u32 ticks_double_to_single = static_cast<u32>(1.0 * static_cast<double>(System::MASTER_CLOCK));
  return System::ScaleTicksToOverclock(m_mode.double_speed ? ticks_single_to_double : ticks_double_to_single);
}

TickCount CDROM::GetTicksForTOCRead()
{
  if (!HasMedia())
    return 0;

  return System::GetTicksPerSecond() / 2u;
}

CDImage::LBA CDROM::GetNextSectorToBeRead()
{
  if (!IsReadingOrPlaying())
    return m_current_lba;

  m_reader.WaitForReadToComplete();
  return m_reader.GetLastReadSector();
}

void CDROM::BeginCommand(Command command)
{
  TickCount ack_delay = GetAckDelayForCommand(command);

  if (HasPendingCommand())
  {
    // The behavior here is kinda.. interesting. Some commands seem to take precedence over others, for example
    // sending a Nop command followed by a GetlocP will return the GetlocP response, and the same for the inverse.
    // However, other combinations result in strange behavior, for example sending a Setloc followed by a ReadN will
    // fail with ERROR_REASON_INCORRECT_NUMBER_OF_PARAMETERS. This particular example happens in Voice Idol
    // Collection - Pool Bar Story, and the loading time is lengthened as well as audio slowing down if this
    // behavior is not correct. So, let's use a heuristic; if the number of parameters of the "old" command is
    // greater than the "new" command, empty the FIFO, which will return the error when the command executes.
    // Otherwise, override the command with the new one.
    if (s_command_info[static_cast<u8>(m_command)].expected_parameters >
        s_command_info[static_cast<u8>(command)].expected_parameters)
    {
      Log_WarningPrintf("Ignoring command 0x%02X (%s) and emptying FIFO as 0x%02x (%s) is still pending",
                        static_cast<u8>(command), s_command_info[static_cast<u8>(command)].name,
                        static_cast<u8>(m_command), s_command_info[static_cast<u8>(m_command)].name);
      m_param_fifo.Clear();
      return;
    }

    Log_WarningPrintf("Cancelling pending command 0x%02X (%s) for new command 0x%02X (%s)", static_cast<u8>(m_command),
                      s_command_info[static_cast<u8>(m_command)].name, static_cast<u8>(command),
                      s_command_info[static_cast<u8>(command)].name);

    // subtract the currently-elapsed ack ticks from the new command
    if (m_command_event->IsActive())
    {
      const TickCount elapsed_ticks = m_command_event->GetInterval() - m_command_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution();
      ack_delay = std::max(ack_delay - elapsed_ticks, 1);
      m_command_event->Deactivate();
    }
  }

  if (m_command_second_response != Command::None)
  {
    Log_WarningPrintf("Cancelling pending command 0x%02X (%s) second response",
                      static_cast<u16>(m_command_second_response),
                      s_command_info[static_cast<u16>(m_command_second_response)].name);

    ClearCommandSecondResponse();
  }

  m_command = command;
  m_command_event->SetIntervalAndSchedule(ack_delay);
  UpdateCommandEvent();
  UpdateStatusRegister();
}

void CDROM::EndCommand()
{
  m_param_fifo.Clear();

  m_command = Command::None;
  m_command_event->Deactivate();
  UpdateStatusRegister();
}

void CDROM::AbortCommand()
{
  m_command = Command::None;
  m_command_event->Deactivate();
  UpdateStatusRegister();
}

void CDROM::ExecuteCommand(TickCount ticks_late)
{
  const CommandInfo& ci = s_command_info[static_cast<u8>(m_command)];
  Log_DevPrintf("CDROM executing command 0x%02X (%s), stat = 0x%02X", static_cast<u8>(m_command), ci.name,
                m_secondary_status.bits);
  if (m_param_fifo.GetSize() < ci.expected_parameters)
  {
    Log_WarningPrintf("Too few parameters for command 0x%02X (%s), expecting %u got %u", static_cast<u8>(m_command),
                      ci.name, ci.expected_parameters, m_param_fifo.GetSize());
    SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INCORRECT_NUMBER_OF_PARAMETERS);
    EndCommand();
    return;
  }

  if (!m_response_fifo.IsEmpty())
  {
    Log_DebugPrintf("Response FIFO not empty on command begin");
    m_response_fifo.Clear();
  }

  switch (m_command)
  {
    case Command::Getstat:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM Getstat command");

      // if bit 0 or 2 is set, send an additional byte
      SendACKAndStat();

      // shell open bit is cleared after sending the status
      if (CanReadMedia())
        m_secondary_status.shell_open = false;

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Test:
    {
      const u8 subcommand = m_param_fifo.Pop();
      ExecuteTestCommand(subcommand);
      return;
    }

    case Command::GetID:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM GetID command");

      if (!CanReadMedia())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();
        QueueCommandSecondResponse(Command::GetID, GetTicksForIDRead());
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::ReadTOC:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM ReadTOC command");
      if (!CanReadMedia())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();
        SetHoldPosition(0, true);
        QueueCommandSecondResponse(Command::ReadTOC, GetTicksForTOCRead());
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Setfilter:
    {
      const u8 file = m_param_fifo.Peek(0);
      const u8 channel = m_param_fifo.Peek(1);
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM setfilter command 0x%02X 0x%02X", ZeroExtend32(file), ZeroExtend32(channel));
      m_xa_filter_file_number = file;
      m_xa_filter_channel_number = channel;
      m_xa_current_set = false;
      SendACKAndStat();
      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Setmode:
    {
      const u8 mode = m_param_fifo.Peek(0);
      const bool speed_change = (mode & 0x80) != (m_mode.bits & 0x80);
      Log_DevPrintf("CDROM setmode command 0x%02X", ZeroExtend32(mode));

      m_mode.bits = mode;
      SendACKAndStat();
      EndCommand();

      if (speed_change)
      {
        if (m_drive_state == DriveState::ChangingSpeedOrTOCRead)
        {
          // cancel the speed change if it's less than a quarter complete
          if (m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution() >= (GetTicksForSpeedChange() / 4))
          {
            Log_DevPrintf("Cancelling speed change event");
            ClearDriveState();
          }
        }
        else if (m_drive_state != DriveState::SeekingImplicit && m_drive_state != DriveState::ShellOpening)
        {
          // if we're seeking or reading, we need to add time to the current seek/read
          const TickCount change_ticks = GetTicksForSpeedChange();
          if (m_drive_state != DriveState::Idle)
          {
            Log_DevPrintf("Drive is %s, delaying event by %d ticks for speed change to %s-speed",
                          s_drive_state_names[static_cast<u8>(m_drive_state)], change_ticks,
                          m_mode.double_speed ? "double" : "single");
            m_drive_event->Delay(change_ticks);
          }
          else
          {
            Log_DevPrintf("Drive is idle, speed change takes %d ticks", change_ticks);
            m_drive_state = DriveState::ChangingSpeedOrTOCRead;
            m_drive_event->Schedule(change_ticks);
          }
        }
      }

      return;
    }

    case Command::Setloc:
    {
      const u8 mm = m_param_fifo.Peek(0);
      const u8 ss = m_param_fifo.Peek(1);
      const u8 ff = m_param_fifo.Peek(2);
      Log_DevPrintf("CDROM setloc command (%02X, %02X, %02X)", mm, ss, ff);

      // MM must be BCD, SS must be BCD and <0x60, FF must be BCD and <0x75
      if (((mm & 0x0F) > 0x09) || (mm > 0x99) || ((ss & 0x0F) > 0x09) || (ss >= 0x60) || ((ff & 0x0F) > 0x09) ||
          (ff >= 0x75))
      {
        Log_ErrorPrintf("Invalid/out of range seek to %02X:%02X:%02X", mm, ss, ff);
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();

        m_setloc_position.minute = PackedBCDToBinary(mm);
        m_setloc_position.second = PackedBCDToBinary(ss);
        m_setloc_position.frame = PackedBCDToBinary(ff);
        m_setloc_pending = true;
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::SeekL:
    case Command::SeekP:
    {
      const bool logical = (m_command == Command::SeekL);
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM %s command", logical ? "SeekL" : "SeekP");

      if (IsSeeking())
        UpdatePositionWhileSeeking();

      if (!CanReadMedia())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();
        BeginSeeking(logical, false, false);
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::SetSession:
    {
      const u8 session = m_param_fifo.Peek(0);
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM SetSession command, session=%u", session);

      if (!CanReadMedia() || m_drive_state == DriveState::Reading || m_drive_state == DriveState::Playing)
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else if (session == 0)
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();

        m_async_command_parameter = session;
        m_drive_state = DriveState::ChangingSession;
        m_drive_event->Schedule(GetTicksForTOCRead());
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::ReadN:
    case Command::ReadS:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM read command");
      if (!CanReadMedia())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else if ((!IsMediaPS1Disc() || !DoesMediaRegionMatchConsole()) && !m_mode.cdda)
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INVALID_COMMAND);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();

        if ((!m_setloc_pending || m_setloc_position.ToLBA() == GetNextSectorToBeRead()) &&
            (m_drive_state == DriveState::Reading || (IsSeeking() && m_read_after_seek)))
        {
          Log_DevPrintf("Ignoring read command with %s setloc, already reading/reading after seek",
                        m_setloc_pending ? "pending" : "same");
          m_setloc_pending = false;
        }
        else
        {
          if (IsSeeking())
            UpdatePositionWhileSeeking();

          BeginReading();
        }
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Play:
    {
      const u8 track = m_param_fifo.IsEmpty() ? 0 : PackedBCDToBinary(m_param_fifo.Peek(0));
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM play command, track=%u", track);

      if (!CanReadMedia())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();

        if (track == 0 && (!m_setloc_pending || m_setloc_position.ToLBA() == GetNextSectorToBeRead()) &&
            (m_drive_state == DriveState::Playing || (IsSeeking() && m_play_after_seek)))
        {
          Log_DevPrintf("Ignoring play command with no/same setloc, already playing/playing after seek");
          m_fast_forward_rate = 0;
        }
        else
        {
          if (IsSeeking())
            UpdatePositionWhileSeeking();

          BeginPlaying(track);
        }
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Forward:
    {
      if (m_drive_state != DriveState::Playing || !CanReadMedia())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();

        if (m_fast_forward_rate < 0)
          m_fast_forward_rate = 0;

        m_fast_forward_rate += static_cast<s8>(FAST_FORWARD_RATE_STEP);
        m_fast_forward_rate = std::min<s8>(m_fast_forward_rate, static_cast<s8>(MAX_FAST_FORWARD_RATE));
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Backward:
    {
      if (m_drive_state != DriveState::Playing || !CanReadMedia())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();

        if (m_fast_forward_rate > 0)
          m_fast_forward_rate = 0;

        m_fast_forward_rate -= static_cast<s8>(FAST_FORWARD_RATE_STEP);
        m_fast_forward_rate = std::max<s8>(m_fast_forward_rate, -static_cast<s8>(MAX_FAST_FORWARD_RATE));
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Pause:
    {
      SendACKAndStat();

      const bool was_reading = (m_drive_state == DriveState::Reading || m_drive_state == DriveState::Playing);
      const TickCount pause_time = was_reading ? (m_mode.double_speed ? 2000000 : 1000000) : 7000;

      if (m_drive_state == DriveState::SeekingLogical || m_drive_state == DriveState::SeekingPhysical)
      {
        // TODO: On console, this returns an error. But perhaps only during the coarse/fine seek part? Needs more
        // hardware tests.
        Log_WarningPrintf("CDROM Pause command while seeking from %u to %u - jumping to seek target", m_seek_start_lba,
                          m_seek_end_lba);
        m_read_after_seek = false;
        m_play_after_seek = false;
        CompleteSeek();
      }
      else
      {
        // Stop reading.
        m_drive_state = DriveState::Idle;
        m_drive_event->Deactivate();
        m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
      }

      // Reset audio buffer here - control room cutscene audio repeats in Dino Crisis otherwise.
      ResetAudioDecoder();

      QueueCommandSecondResponse(Command::Pause, pause_time);

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Stop:
    {
      const TickCount stop_time = GetTicksForStop(m_secondary_status.motor_on);
      SendACKAndStat();

      StopMotor();
      QueueCommandSecondResponse(Command::Stop, stop_time);

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::Reset:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM reset command");
      SendACKAndStat();

      if (m_command_second_response == Command::Reset)
      {
        // still pending
        EndCommand();
        return;
      }

      if (IsSeeking())
        UpdatePositionWhileSeeking();

      SoftReset(ticks_late);

      QueueCommandSecondResponse(Command::Reset, RESET_TICKS);
      return;
    }
    break;

    case Command::MotorOn:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM motor on command");
      if (m_secondary_status.motor_on)
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INCORRECT_NUMBER_OF_PARAMETERS);
      }
      else
      {
        SendACKAndStat();

        // still pending?
        if (m_command_second_response != Command::MotorOn)
        {
          if (CanReadMedia())
            StartMotor();

          QueueCommandSecondResponse(Command::MotorOn, MOTOR_ON_RESPONSE_TICKS);
        }
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }
    break;

    case Command::Mute:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM mute command");
      m_muted = true;
      SendACKAndStat();
      EndCommand();
    }
    break;

    case Command::Demute:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM demute command");
      m_muted = false;
      SendACKAndStat();
      EndCommand();
    }
    break;

    case Command::GetlocL:
    {
      if (!m_last_sector_header_valid)
      {
        Log_DevPrintf("CDROM GetlocL command - header invalid, status 0x%02X", m_secondary_status.bits);
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else
      {
        UpdatePhysicalPosition(true);

        Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM GetlocL command - [%02X:%02X:%02X]", m_last_sector_header.minute,
                        m_last_sector_header.second, m_last_sector_header.frame);

        m_response_fifo.PushRange(reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(&m_last_sector_header), sizeof(m_last_sector_header));
        m_response_fifo.PushRange(reinterpret_cast<const u8*>(&m_last_sector_subheader),
                                  sizeof(m_last_sector_subheader));
        SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::GetlocP:
    {
      if (!CanReadMedia())
      {
        Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM GetlocP command - not ready");
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else
      {
        if (IsSeeking())
          UpdatePositionWhileSeeking();
        else
          UpdatePhysicalPosition(false);

        Log_DevPrintf("CDROM GetlocP command - T%02x I%02x R[%02x:%02x:%02x] A[%02x:%02x:%02x]",
                      m_last_subq.track_number_bcd, m_last_subq.index_number_bcd, m_last_subq.relative_minute_bcd,
                      m_last_subq.relative_second_bcd, m_last_subq.relative_frame_bcd, m_last_subq.absolute_minute_bcd,
                      m_last_subq.absolute_second_bcd, m_last_subq.absolute_frame_bcd);

        m_response_fifo.Push(m_last_subq.track_number_bcd);
        m_response_fifo.Push(m_last_subq.index_number_bcd);
        m_response_fifo.Push(m_last_subq.relative_minute_bcd);
        m_response_fifo.Push(m_last_subq.relative_second_bcd);
        m_response_fifo.Push(m_last_subq.relative_frame_bcd);
        m_response_fifo.Push(m_last_subq.absolute_minute_bcd);
        m_response_fifo.Push(m_last_subq.absolute_second_bcd);
        m_response_fifo.Push(m_last_subq.absolute_frame_bcd);
        SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      }

      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case Command::GetTN:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM GetTN command");
      if (CanReadMedia())
      {
        Log_DevPrintf("GetTN -> %u %u", m_reader.GetMedia()->GetFirstTrackNumber(),
                      m_reader.GetMedia()->GetLastTrackNumber());

        m_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
        m_response_fifo.Push(BinaryToBCD(Truncate8(m_reader.GetMedia()->GetFirstTrackNumber())));
        m_response_fifo.Push(BinaryToBCD(Truncate8(m_reader.GetMedia()->GetLastTrackNumber())));
        SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      }
      else
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }

      EndCommand();
    }
    break;

    case Command::GetTD:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM GetTD command");
      Assert(m_param_fifo.GetSize() >= 1);
      const u8 track = PackedBCDToBinary(m_param_fifo.Peek());

      if (!CanReadMedia())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_NOT_READY);
      }
      else if (track > m_reader.GetMedia()->GetTrackCount())
      {
        SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INVALID_ARGUMENT);
      }
      else
      {
        CDImage::Position pos;
        if (track == 0)
          pos = CDImage::Position::FromLBA(m_reader.GetMedia()->GetLBACount());
        else
          pos = m_reader.GetMedia()->GetTrackStartMSFPosition(track);

        m_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
        m_response_fifo.Push(BinaryToBCD(Truncate8(pos.minute)));
        m_response_fifo.Push(BinaryToBCD(Truncate8(pos.second)));
        Log_DevPrintf("GetTD %u -> %u %u", track, pos.minute, pos.second);

        SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      }

      EndCommand();
    }
    break;

    case Command::Getparam:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM Getparam command");

      m_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
      m_response_fifo.Push(m_mode.bits);
      m_response_fifo.Push(0);
      m_response_fifo.Push(m_xa_filter_file_number);
      m_response_fifo.Push(m_xa_filter_channel_number);
      SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      EndCommand();
    }
    break;

    case Command::Sync:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM sync command");

      SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INVALID_COMMAND);
      EndCommand();
    }
    break;

    case Command::VideoCD:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("CDROM VideoCD command");
      SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INVALID_COMMAND);

      // According to nocash this doesn't clear the parameter FIFO.
      m_command = Command::None;
      m_command_event->Deactivate();
      UpdateStatusRegister();
    }
    break;

    default:
    {
      Log_ErrorPrintf("Unknown CDROM command 0x%04X with %u parameters, please report", static_cast<u16>(m_command),
                      m_param_fifo.GetSize());
      SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INVALID_COMMAND);
      EndCommand();
    }
    break;
  }
}

void CDROM::ExecuteTestCommand(u8 subcommand)
{
  switch (subcommand)
  {
    case 0x04: // Reset SCEx counters
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Reset SCEx counters");
      m_secondary_status.motor_on = true;
      m_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
      SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case 0x05: // Read SCEx counters
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Read SCEx counters");
      m_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
      m_response_fifo.Push(0); // # of TOC reads?
      m_response_fifo.Push(0); // # of SCEx strings received
      SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case 0x20: // Get CDROM BIOS Date/Version
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Get CDROM BIOS Date/Version");

      static constexpr u8 response[] = {0x95, 0x05, 0x16, 0xC1};
      m_response_fifo.PushRange(response, countof(response));
      SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    case 0x22:
    {
      Log_DebugPrintf("Get CDROM region ID string");

      switch (System::GetRegion())
      {
        case ConsoleRegion::NTSC_J:
        {
          static constexpr u8 response[] = {'f', 'o', 'r', ' ', 'J', 'a', 'p', 'a', 'n'};
          m_response_fifo.PushRange(response, countof(response));
        }
        break;

        case ConsoleRegion::PAL:
        {
          static constexpr u8 response[] = {'f', 'o', 'r', ' ', 'E', 'u', 'r', 'o', 'p', 'e'};
          m_response_fifo.PushRange(response, countof(response));
        }
        break;

        case ConsoleRegion::NTSC_U:
        default:
        {
          static constexpr u8 response[] = {'f', 'o', 'r', ' ', 'U', '/', 'C'};
          m_response_fifo.PushRange(response, countof(response));
        }
        break;
      }

      SetInterrupt(Interrupt::ACK);
      EndCommand();
      return;
    }

    default:
    {
      Log_ErrorPrintf("Unknown test command 0x%02X, %u parameters", subcommand, m_param_fifo.GetSize());
      SendErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, ERROR_REASON_INVALID_COMMAND);
      EndCommand();
      return;
    }
  }
}

void CDROM::ExecuteCommandSecondResponse(TickCount ticks_late)
{
  switch (m_command_second_response)
  {
    case Command::GetID:
      DoIDRead();
      break;

    case Command::ReadTOC:
    case Command::Pause:
    case Command::Reset:
    case Command::MotorOn:
    case Command::Stop:
      DoStatSecondResponse();
      break;
  }

  m_command_second_response = Command::None;
  m_command_second_response_event->Deactivate();
}

void CDROM::QueueCommandSecondResponse(Command command, TickCount ticks)
{
  ClearCommandSecondResponse();
  m_command_second_response = command;
  m_command_second_response_event->Schedule(ticks);
}

void CDROM::ClearCommandSecondResponse()
{
  m_command_second_response_event->Deactivate();
  m_command_second_response = Command::None;
}

void CDROM::UpdateCommandEvent()
{
  // if there's a pending interrupt, we can't execute the command yet
  // so deactivate it until the interrupt is acknowledged
  if (!HasPendingCommand() || HasPendingInterrupt())
  {
    m_command_event->Deactivate();
    return;
  }
  else if (HasPendingCommand())
  {
    m_command_event->Activate();
  }
}

void CDROM::ExecuteDrive(TickCount ticks_late)
{
  switch (m_drive_state)
  {
    case DriveState::ShellOpening:
      DoShellOpenComplete(ticks_late);
      break;

    case DriveState::SeekingPhysical:
    case DriveState::SeekingLogical:
      DoSeekComplete(ticks_late);
      break;

    case DriveState::SeekingImplicit:
      CompleteSeek();
      break;

    case DriveState::Reading:
    case DriveState::Playing:
      DoSectorRead();
      break;

    case DriveState::ChangingSession:
      DoChangeSessionComplete();
      break;

    case DriveState::SpinningUp:
      DoSpinUpComplete();
      break;

    case DriveState::ChangingSpeedOrTOCRead:
      DoSpeedChangeOrImplicitTOCReadComplete();
      break;

      // old states, no longer used, but kept for save state compatibility
    case DriveState::UNUSED_ReadingID:
    {
      ClearDriveState();
      DoIDRead();
    }
    break;

    case DriveState::UNUSED_Resetting:
    case DriveState::UNUSED_ReadingTOC:
    {
      ClearDriveState();
      DoStatSecondResponse();
    }
    break;

    case DriveState::UNUSED_Pausing:
    {
      ClearDriveState();
      m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
      DoStatSecondResponse();
    }
    break;

    case DriveState::UNUSED_Stopping:
    {
      ClearDriveState();
      StopMotor();
      DoStatSecondResponse();
    }
    break;

    case DriveState::Idle:
    default:
      break;
  }
}

void CDROM::ClearDriveState()
{
  m_drive_state = DriveState::Idle;
  m_drive_event->Deactivate();
}

void CDROM::BeginReading(TickCount ticks_late /* = 0 */, bool after_seek /* = false */)
{
  ClearSectorBuffers();

  if (!after_seek && m_setloc_pending)
  {
    BeginSeeking(true, true, false);
    return;
  }

  // If we were seeking, we want to start reading from the seek target, not the current sector
  // Fixes crash in Disney's The Lion King - Simba's Mighty Adventure.
  if (IsSeeking())
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Read command while seeking, scheduling read after seek %u -> %u finishes in %d ticks",
                  m_seek_start_lba, m_seek_end_lba, m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution());
    m_read_after_seek = true;
    m_play_after_seek = false;
    return;
  }

  Log_DebugPrintf("Starting reading @ LBA %u", m_current_lba);

  const TickCount ticks = GetTicksForRead();
  const TickCount first_sector_ticks = ticks + (after_seek ? 0 : GetTicksForSeek(m_current_lba)) - ticks_late;

  ResetAudioDecoder();

  m_drive_state = DriveState::Reading;
  m_drive_event->SetInterval(ticks);
  m_drive_event->Schedule(first_sector_ticks);
  m_current_read_sector_buffer = 0;
  m_current_write_sector_buffer = 0;

  m_requested_lba = m_current_lba;
  m_reader.QueueReadSector(m_requested_lba);
}

void CDROM::BeginPlaying(u8 track, TickCount ticks_late /* = 0 */, bool after_seek /* = false */)
{
  Log_DebugPrintf("Starting playing CDDA track %x", track);
  m_last_cdda_report_frame_nibble = 0xFF;
  m_play_track_number_bcd = track;
  m_fast_forward_rate = 0;

  // if track zero, start from current position
  if (track != 0)
  {
    // play specific track?
    if (track > m_reader.GetMedia()->GetTrackCount())
    {
      // restart current track
      track = Truncate8(m_reader.GetMedia()->GetTrackNumber());
    }

    m_setloc_position = m_reader.GetMedia()->GetTrackStartMSFPosition(track);
    m_setloc_pending = true;
  }

  if (m_setloc_pending)
  {
    BeginSeeking(false, false, true);
    return;
  }

  const TickCount ticks = GetTicksForRead();
  const TickCount first_sector_ticks = ticks + (after_seek ? 0 : GetTicksForSeek(m_current_lba, true)) - ticks_late;

  ClearSectorBuffers();
  ResetAudioDecoder();

  m_drive_state = DriveState::Playing;
  m_drive_event->SetInterval(ticks);
  m_drive_event->Schedule(first_sector_ticks);
  m_current_read_sector_buffer = 0;
  m_current_write_sector_buffer = 0;

  m_requested_lba = m_current_lba;
  m_reader.QueueReadSector(m_requested_lba);
}

void CDROM::BeginSeeking(bool logical, bool read_after_seek, bool play_after_seek)
{
  if (!m_setloc_pending)
    Log_WarningPrintf("Seeking without setloc set");

  m_read_after_seek = read_after_seek;
  m_play_after_seek = play_after_seek;

  // TODO: Pending should stay set on seek command.
  m_setloc_pending = false;

  Log_DebugPrintf("Seeking to [%02u:%02u:%02u] (LBA %u) (%s)", m_setloc_position.minute, m_setloc_position.second,
                  m_setloc_position.frame, m_setloc_position.ToLBA(), logical ? "logical" : "physical");

  const CDImage::LBA seek_lba = m_setloc_position.ToLBA();
  const TickCount seek_time = GetTicksForSeek(seek_lba, play_after_seek);

  m_secondary_status.SetSeeking();
  m_last_sector_header_valid = false;
  ResetAudioDecoder();

  m_drive_state = logical ? DriveState::SeekingLogical : DriveState::SeekingPhysical;
  m_drive_event->SetIntervalAndSchedule(seek_time);

  m_seek_start_lba = m_current_lba;
  m_seek_end_lba = seek_lba;
  m_requested_lba = seek_lba;
  m_reader.QueueReadSector(m_requested_lba);
}

void CDROM::UpdatePositionWhileSeeking()
{
  DebugAssert(IsSeeking());

  const float completed_frac = 1.0f - (static_cast<float>(m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution()) /
                                       static_cast<float>(m_drive_event->GetInterval()));

  CDImage::LBA current_lba;
  if (m_seek_end_lba > m_seek_start_lba)
  {
    current_lba =
      m_seek_start_lba +
      std::max<CDImage::LBA>(
        static_cast<CDImage::LBA>(static_cast<float>(m_seek_end_lba - m_seek_start_lba) * completed_frac), 1);
  }
  else if (m_seek_end_lba < m_seek_start_lba)
  {
    current_lba =
      m_seek_start_lba -
      std::max<CDImage::LBA>(
        static_cast<CDImage::LBA>(static_cast<float>(m_seek_start_lba - m_seek_end_lba) * completed_frac), 1);
  }
  else
  {
    // strange seek...
    return;
  }

  Log_DevPrintf("Update position while seeking from %u to %u - %u (%.2f)", m_seek_start_lba, m_seek_end_lba,
                current_lba, completed_frac);

  // access the image directly since we want to preserve the cached data for the seek complete
  CDImage::SubChannelQ subq;
  if (!m_reader.ReadSectorUncached(current_lba, &subq, nullptr))
    Log_ErrorPrintf("Failed to read subq for sector %u for physical position", current_lba);
  else if (subq.IsCRCValid())
    m_last_subq = subq;

  m_current_lba = current_lba;
  m_physical_lba = current_lba;
  m_physical_lba_update_tick = TimingEvents::GetGlobalTickCounter();
  m_physical_lba_update_carry = 0;
}

void CDROM::UpdatePhysicalPosition(bool update_logical)
{
  const u32 ticks = TimingEvents::GetGlobalTickCounter();
  if (IsSeeking() || IsReadingOrPlaying() || !m_secondary_status.motor_on)
  {
    // If we're seeking+reading the first sector (no stat bits set), we need to return the set/current lba, not the last
    // physical LBA. Failing to do so may result in a track-jumped position getting returned in GetlocP, which causes
    // Mad Panic Coaster to go into a seek+play loop.
    if ((m_secondary_status.bits & (STAT_READING | STAT_PLAYING_CDDA | STAT_MOTOR_ON)) == STAT_MOTOR_ON &&
        m_current_lba != m_physical_lba)
    {
      Log_WarningPrintf("Jumping to hold position [%u->%u] while %s first sector", m_physical_lba, m_current_lba,
                        (m_drive_state == DriveState::Reading) ? "reading" : "playing");
      SetHoldPosition(m_current_lba, true);
    }

    // Otherwise, this gets updated by the read event.
    return;
  }

  const u32 ticks_per_read = GetTicksForRead();
  const u32 diff = ticks - m_physical_lba_update_tick + m_physical_lba_update_carry;
  const u32 sector_diff = diff / ticks_per_read;
  const u32 carry = diff % ticks_per_read;
  if (sector_diff > 0)
  {
    CDImage::LBA hold_offset;
    CDImage::LBA sectors_per_track;

    // hardware tests show that it holds much closer to the target sector in logical mode
    if (m_last_sector_header_valid)
    {
      hold_offset = 2;
      sectors_per_track = 4;
    }
    else
    {
      hold_offset = 0;
      sectors_per_track =
        static_cast<CDImage::LBA>(7.0f + 2.811844405f * std::log(static_cast<float>(m_current_lba / 4500u) + 1u));
    }

    const CDImage::LBA hold_position = m_current_lba + hold_offset;
    const CDImage::LBA base =
      (hold_position >= (sectors_per_track - 1)) ? (hold_position - (sectors_per_track - 1)) : hold_position;
    if (m_physical_lba < base)
      m_physical_lba = base;

    const CDImage::LBA old_offset = m_physical_lba - base;
    const CDImage::LBA new_offset = (old_offset + sector_diff) % sectors_per_track;
    const CDImage::LBA new_physical_lba = base + new_offset;
#ifdef _DEBUG
    const CDImage::Position old_pos(CDImage::Position::FromLBA(m_physical_lba));
    const CDImage::Position new_pos(CDImage::Position::FromLBA(new_physical_lba));
    Log_DevPrintf("Tick diff %u, sector diff %u, old pos %02u:%02u:%02u, new pos %02u:%02u:%02u", diff, sector_diff,
                  old_pos.minute, old_pos.second, old_pos.frame, new_pos.minute, new_pos.second, new_pos.frame);
#endif
    if (m_physical_lba != new_physical_lba)
    {
      m_physical_lba = new_physical_lba;

      CDImage::SubChannelQ subq;
      CDROMAsyncReader::SectorBuffer raw_sector;
      if (!m_reader.ReadSectorUncached(new_physical_lba, &subq, update_logical ? &raw_sector : nullptr))
      {
        Log_ErrorPrintf("Failed to read subq for sector %u for physical position", new_physical_lba);
      }
      else
      {
        if (subq.IsCRCValid())
          m_last_subq = subq;

        if (update_logical)
          ProcessDataSectorHeader(raw_sector.data());
      }

      m_physical_lba_update_tick = ticks;
      m_physical_lba_update_carry = carry;
    }
  }
}

void CDROM::SetHoldPosition(CDImage::LBA lba, bool update_subq)
{
  if (update_subq && m_physical_lba != lba && CanReadMedia())
  {
    CDImage::SubChannelQ subq;
    if (!m_reader.ReadSectorUncached(lba, &subq, nullptr))
      Log_ErrorPrintf("Failed to read subq for sector %u for physical position", lba);
    else if (subq.IsCRCValid())
      m_last_subq = subq;
  }

  m_current_lba = lba;
  m_physical_lba = lba;
  m_physical_lba_update_tick = TimingEvents::GetGlobalTickCounter();
  m_physical_lba_update_carry = 0;
}

void CDROM::DoShellOpenComplete(TickCount ticks_late)
{
  // media is now readable (if any)
  ClearDriveState();

  if (CanReadMedia())
    StartMotor();
}

bool CDROM::CompleteSeek()
{
  const bool logical = (m_drive_state == DriveState::SeekingLogical);
  ClearDriveState();

  bool seek_okay = m_reader.WaitForReadToComplete();
  if (seek_okay)
  {
    const CDImage::SubChannelQ& subq = m_reader.GetSectorSubQ();
    if (subq.IsCRCValid())
    {
      // seek and update sub-q for ReadP command
      m_last_subq = subq;
      const auto [seek_mm, seek_ss, seek_ff] = CDImage::Position::FromLBA(m_reader.GetLastReadSector()).ToBCD();
      seek_okay = (subq.IsCRCValid() && subq.absolute_minute_bcd == seek_mm && subq.absolute_second_bcd == seek_ss &&
                   subq.absolute_frame_bcd == seek_ff);
      if (seek_okay)
      {
        if (subq.IsData())
        {
          if (logical)
          {
            ProcessDataSectorHeader(m_reader.GetSectorBuffer().data());
            seek_okay = (m_last_sector_header.minute == seek_mm && m_last_sector_header.second == seek_ss &&
                         m_last_sector_header.frame == seek_ff);
          }
        }
        else
        {
          if (logical)
          {
            Log_WarningPrintf("Logical seek to non-data sector [%02x:%02x:%02x]%s", seek_mm, seek_ss, seek_ff,
                              m_read_after_seek ? ", reading after seek" : "");

            // If CDDA mode isn't enabled and we're reading an audio sector, we need to fail the seek.
            // Test cases:
            //  - Wizard's Harmony does a logical seek to an audio sector, and expects it to succeed.
            //  - Vib-ribbon starts a read at an audio sector, and expects it to fail.
            if (m_read_after_seek)
              seek_okay = m_mode.cdda;
          }
        }

        if (subq.track_number_bcd == CDImage::LEAD_OUT_TRACK_NUMBER)
        {
          Log_WarningPrintf("Invalid seek to lead-out area (LBA %u)", m_reader.GetLastReadSector());
          seek_okay = false;
        }
      }
    }

    m_current_lba = m_reader.GetLastReadSector();
  }

  m_physical_lba = m_current_lba;
  m_physical_lba_update_tick = TimingEvents::GetGlobalTickCounter();
  m_physical_lba_update_carry = 0;
  return seek_okay;
}

void CDROM::DoSeekComplete(TickCount ticks_late)
{
  const bool logical = (m_drive_state == DriveState::SeekingLogical);
  const bool seek_okay = CompleteSeek();
  if (seek_okay)
  {
    // seek complete, transition to play/read if requested
    // INT2 is not sent on play/read
    if (m_read_after_seek)
    {
      BeginReading(ticks_late, true);
    }
    else if (m_play_after_seek)
    {
      BeginPlaying(0, ticks_late, true);
    }
    else
    {
      m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
      m_async_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
      SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt::Complete);
    }
  }
  else
  {
    CDImage::Position pos(CDImage::Position::FromLBA(m_reader.GetLastReadSector()));
    Log_WarningPrintf("%s seek to [%02u:%02u:%02u] failed", logical ? "Logical" : "Physical", pos.minute, pos.second,
                      pos.frame);

    m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
    SendAsyncErrorResponse(STAT_SEEK_ERROR, 0x04);
    m_last_sector_header_valid = false;
  }

  m_setloc_pending = false;
  m_read_after_seek = false;
  m_play_after_seek = false;
  UpdateStatusRegister();
}

void CDROM::DoStatSecondResponse()
{
  // Mainly for Reset/MotorOn.
  if (!CanReadMedia())
  {
    SendAsyncErrorResponse(STAT_ERROR, 0x08);
    return;
  }

  m_async_response_fifo.Clear();
  m_async_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
  SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt::Complete);
}

void CDROM::DoChangeSessionComplete()
{
  Log_DebugPrintf("Changing session complete");
  ClearDriveState();
  m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
  m_secondary_status.motor_on = true;

  m_async_response_fifo.Clear();
  if (m_async_command_parameter == 0x01)
  {
    m_async_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
    SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt::Complete);
  }
  else
  {
    // we don't emulate multisession discs.. for now
    SendAsyncErrorResponse(STAT_SEEK_ERROR, 0x40);
  }
}

void CDROM::DoSpinUpComplete()
{
  Log_DebugPrintf("Spinup complete");
  m_drive_state = DriveState::Idle;
  m_drive_event->Deactivate();
  m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
  m_secondary_status.motor_on = true;
}

void CDROM::DoSpeedChangeOrImplicitTOCReadComplete()
{
  Log_DebugPrintf("Speed change/implicit TOC read complete");
  m_drive_state = DriveState::Idle;
  m_drive_event->Deactivate();
}

void CDROM::DoIDRead()
{
  Log_DebugPrintf("ID read complete");
  m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
  m_secondary_status.motor_on = CanReadMedia();

  // TODO: Audio CD.
  u8 stat_byte = m_secondary_status.bits;
  u8 flags_byte = 0;
  if (!CanReadMedia())
  {
    stat_byte |= STAT_ID_ERROR;
    flags_byte |= (1 << 6); // Disc Missing
  }
  else
  {
    if (!IsMediaPS1Disc())
    {
      stat_byte |= STAT_ID_ERROR;
      flags_byte |= (1 << 7) | (1 << 4); // Unlicensed + Audio CD
    }
    else if (!DoesMediaRegionMatchConsole())
    {
      stat_byte |= STAT_ID_ERROR;
      flags_byte |= (1 << 7); // Unlicensed
    }
  }

  m_async_response_fifo.Clear();
  m_async_response_fifo.Push(stat_byte);
  m_async_response_fifo.Push(flags_byte);
  m_async_response_fifo.Push(0x20); // TODO: Disc type from TOC
  m_async_response_fifo.Push(0x00); // TODO: Session info?

  static constexpr u32 REGION_STRING_LENGTH = 4;
  static constexpr std::array<std::array<u8, REGION_STRING_LENGTH>, static_cast<size_t>(DiscRegion::Count)>
    region_strings = {{{'S', 'C', 'E', 'I'}, {'S', 'C', 'E', 'A'}, {'S', 'C', 'E', 'E'}, {0, 0, 0, 0}}};
  m_async_response_fifo.PushRange(region_strings[static_cast<u8>(m_disc_region)].data(), REGION_STRING_LENGTH);

  SetAsyncInterrupt((flags_byte != 0) ? Interrupt::Error : Interrupt::Complete);
}

void CDROM::StopReadingWithDataEnd()
{
  ClearAsyncInterrupt();
  m_async_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
  SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt::DataEnd);

  m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
  ClearDriveState();
}

void CDROM::StartMotor()
{
  if (m_drive_state == DriveState::SpinningUp)
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Starting motor - already spinning up");
    return;
  }

  Log_DevPrintf("Starting motor");
  m_drive_state = DriveState::SpinningUp;
  m_drive_event->Schedule(GetTicksForSpinUp());
}

void CDROM::StopMotor()
{
  m_secondary_status.ClearActiveBits();
  m_secondary_status.motor_on = false;
  ClearDriveState();
  SetHoldPosition(0, false);
  m_last_sector_header_valid = false; // TODO: correct?
}

void CDROM::DoSectorRead()
{
  // TODO: Queue the next read here and swap the buffer.
  // TODO: Error handling
  if (!m_reader.WaitForReadToComplete())
    Panic("Sector read failed");

  m_current_lba = m_reader.GetLastReadSector();
  m_physical_lba = m_current_lba;
  m_physical_lba_update_tick = TimingEvents::GetGlobalTickCounter();
  m_physical_lba_update_carry = 0;

  m_secondary_status.SetReadingBits(m_drive_state == DriveState::Playing);

  const CDImage::SubChannelQ& subq = m_reader.GetSectorSubQ();
  const bool subq_valid = subq.IsCRCValid();
  if (subq_valid)
  {
    m_last_subq = subq;
  }
  else
  {
    const CDImage::Position pos(CDImage::Position::FromLBA(m_current_lba));
    Log_DevPrintf("Sector %u [%02u:%02u:%02u] has invalid subchannel Q", m_current_lba, pos.minute, pos.second,
                  pos.frame);
  }

  if (subq.track_number_bcd == CDImage::LEAD_OUT_TRACK_NUMBER)
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Read reached lead-out area of disc at LBA %u, stopping", m_reader.GetLastReadSector());
    StopReadingWithDataEnd();
    StopMotor();
    return;
  }

  const bool is_data_sector = subq.IsData();
  if (!is_data_sector)
  {
    if (m_play_track_number_bcd == 0)
    {
      // track number was not specified, but we've found the track now
      m_play_track_number_bcd = subq.track_number_bcd;
      Log_DebugPrintf("Setting playing track number to %u", m_play_track_number_bcd);
    }
    else if (m_mode.auto_pause && subq.track_number_bcd != m_play_track_number_bcd)
    {
      // we don't want to update the position if the track changes, so we check it before reading the actual sector.
      Log_DevPrintf("Auto pause at the start of track %02x (LBA %u)", m_last_subq.track_number_bcd, m_current_lba);
      StopReadingWithDataEnd();
      return;
    }
  }
  else
  {
    ProcessDataSectorHeader(m_reader.GetSectorBuffer().data());
  }

  u32 next_sector = m_current_lba + 1u;
  if (is_data_sector && m_drive_state == DriveState::Reading)
  {
    ProcessDataSector(m_reader.GetSectorBuffer().data(), subq);
  }
  else if (!is_data_sector &&
           (m_drive_state == DriveState::Playing || (m_drive_state == DriveState::Reading && m_mode.cdda)))
  {
    ProcessCDDASector(m_reader.GetSectorBuffer().data(), subq);

    if (m_fast_forward_rate != 0)
      next_sector = m_current_lba + SignExtend32(m_fast_forward_rate);
  }
  else if (m_drive_state != DriveState::Reading && m_drive_state != DriveState::Playing)
  {
    Panic("Not reading or playing");
  }
  else
  {
    Log_WarningPrintf("Skipping sector %u as it is a %s sector and we're not %s", m_current_lba,
                      is_data_sector ? "data" : "audio", is_data_sector ? "reading" : "playing");
  }

  m_requested_lba = next_sector;
  m_reader.QueueReadSector(m_requested_lba);
}

void CDROM::ProcessDataSectorHeader(const u8* raw_sector)
{
  std::memcpy(&m_last_sector_header, &raw_sector[SECTOR_SYNC_SIZE], sizeof(m_last_sector_header));
  std::memcpy(&m_last_sector_subheader, &raw_sector[SECTOR_SYNC_SIZE + sizeof(m_last_sector_header)],
              sizeof(m_last_sector_subheader));
  m_last_sector_header_valid = true;
}

void CDROM::ProcessDataSector(const u8* raw_sector, const CDImage::SubChannelQ& subq)
{
  const u32 sb_num = (m_current_write_sector_buffer + 1) % NUM_SECTOR_BUFFERS;
  Log_DevPrintf("Read sector %u: mode %u submode 0x%02X into buffer %u", m_current_lba,
                ZeroExtend32(m_last_sector_header.sector_mode), ZeroExtend32(m_last_sector_subheader.submode.bits),
                sb_num);

  if (m_mode.xa_enable && m_last_sector_header.sector_mode == 2)
  {
    if (m_last_sector_subheader.submode.realtime && m_last_sector_subheader.submode.audio)
    {
      ProcessXAADPCMSector(raw_sector, subq);

      // Audio+realtime sectors aren't delivered to the CPU.
      return;
    }
  }

  // TODO: How does XA relate to this buffering?
  SectorBuffer* sb = &m_sector_buffers[sb_num];
  if (sb->size > 0)
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Sector buffer %u was not read, previous sector dropped",
                  (m_current_write_sector_buffer - 1) % NUM_SECTOR_BUFFERS);
  }

  if (m_mode.ignore_bit)
    Log_WarningPrintf("SetMode.4 bit set on read of sector %u", m_current_lba);

  if (m_mode.read_raw_sector)
  {
    std::memcpy(sb->data.data(), raw_sector + SECTOR_SYNC_SIZE, RAW_SECTOR_OUTPUT_SIZE);
    sb->size = RAW_SECTOR_OUTPUT_SIZE;
  }
  else
  {
    // TODO: This should actually depend on the mode...
    if (m_last_sector_header.sector_mode != 2)
    {
      Log_WarningPrintf("Ignoring non-mode2 sector at %u", m_current_lba);
      return;
    }

    std::memcpy(sb->data.data(), raw_sector + CDImage::SECTOR_SYNC_SIZE + 12, DATA_SECTOR_OUTPUT_SIZE);
    sb->size = DATA_SECTOR_OUTPUT_SIZE;
  }

  m_current_write_sector_buffer = sb_num;

  // Deliver to CPU
  if (HasPendingAsyncInterrupt())
  {
    Log_WarningPrintf("Data interrupt was not delivered");
    ClearAsyncInterrupt();
  }

  if (HasPendingInterrupt())
  {
    const u32 sectors_missed = (m_current_write_sector_buffer - m_current_read_sector_buffer) % NUM_SECTOR_BUFFERS;
    if (sectors_missed > 1)
      Log_WarningPrintf("Interrupt not processed in time, missed %u sectors", sectors_missed - 1);
  }

  m_async_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
  SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt::DataReady);
}

static std::array<std::array<s16, 29>, 7> s_zigzag_table = {
  {{0,      0x0,     0x0,     0x0,    0x0,     -0x0002, 0x000A,  -0x0022, 0x0041, -0x0054,
    0x0034, 0x0009,  -0x010A, 0x0400, -0x0A78, 0x234C,  0x6794,  -0x1780, 0x0BCD, -0x0623,
    0x0350, -0x016D, 0x006B,  0x000A, -0x0010, 0x0011,  -0x0008, 0x0003,  -0x0001},
   {0,       0x0,    0x0,     -0x0002, 0x0,    0x0003,  -0x0013, 0x003C,  -0x004B, 0x00A2,
    -0x00E3, 0x0132, -0x0043, -0x0267, 0x0C9D, 0x74BB,  -0x11B4, 0x09B8,  -0x05BF, 0x0372,
    -0x01A8, 0x00A6, -0x001B, 0x0005,  0x0006, -0x0008, 0x0003,  -0x0001, 0x0},
   {0,      0x0,     -0x0001, 0x0003,  -0x0002, -0x0005, 0x001F,  -0x004A, 0x00B3, -0x0192,
    0x02B1, -0x039E, 0x04F8,  -0x05A6, 0x7939,  -0x05A6, 0x04F8,  -0x039E, 0x02B1, -0x0192,
    0x00B3, -0x004A, 0x001F,  -0x0005, -0x0002, 0x0003,  -0x0001, 0x0,     0x0},
   {0,       -0x0001, 0x0003,  -0x0008, 0x0006, 0x0005,  -0x001B, 0x00A6, -0x01A8, 0x0372,
    -0x05BF, 0x09B8,  -0x11B4, 0x74BB,  0x0C9D, -0x0267, -0x0043, 0x0132, -0x00E3, 0x00A2,
    -0x004B, 0x003C,  -0x0013, 0x0003,  0x0,    -0x0002, 0x0,     0x0,    0x0},
   {-0x0001, 0x0003,  -0x0008, 0x0011,  -0x0010, 0x000A, 0x006B,  -0x016D, 0x0350, -0x0623,
    0x0BCD,  -0x1780, 0x6794,  0x234C,  -0x0A78, 0x0400, -0x010A, 0x0009,  0x0034, -0x0054,
    0x0041,  -0x0022, 0x000A,  -0x0001, 0x0,     0x0001, 0x0,     0x0,     0x0},
   {0x0002,  -0x0008, 0x0010,  -0x0023, 0x002B, 0x001A,  -0x00EB, 0x027B,  -0x0548, 0x0AFA,
    -0x16FA, 0x53E0,  0x3C07,  -0x1249, 0x080E, -0x0347, 0x015B,  -0x0044, -0x0017, 0x0046,
    -0x0023, 0x0011,  -0x0005, 0x0,     0x0,    0x0,     0x0,     0x0,     0x0},
   {-0x0005, 0x0011,  -0x0023, 0x0046, -0x0017, -0x0044, 0x015B,  -0x0347, 0x080E, -0x1249,
    0x3C07,  0x53E0,  -0x16FA, 0x0AFA, -0x0548, 0x027B,  -0x00EB, 0x001A,  0x002B, -0x0023,
    0x0010,  -0x0008, 0x0002,  0x0,    0x0,     0x0,     0x0,     0x0,     0x0}}};

static s16 ZigZagInterpolate(const s16* ringbuf, const s16* table, u8 p)
{
  s32 sum = 0;
  for (u8 i = 0; i < 29; i++)
    sum += (s32(ringbuf[(p - i) & 0x1F]) * s32(table[i])) / 0x8000;

  return static_cast<s16>(std::clamp<s32>(sum, -0x8000, 0x7FFF));
}

template<bool STEREO, bool SAMPLE_RATE>
void CDROM::ResampleXAADPCM(const s16* frames_in, u32 num_frames_in)
{
  // Since the disc reads and SPU are running at different speeds, we might be _slightly_ behind, which is fine, since
  // the SPU will over-read in the next batch to catch up.
  if (m_audio_fifo.GetSize() > AUDIO_FIFO_LOW_WATERMARK)
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Dropping %u XA frames because audio FIFO still has %u frames", num_frames_in,
                  m_audio_fifo.GetSize());
    return;
  }

  s16* left_ringbuf = m_xa_resample_ring_buffer[0].data();
  s16* right_ringbuf = m_xa_resample_ring_buffer[1].data();
  u8 p = m_xa_resample_p;
  u8 sixstep = m_xa_resample_sixstep;
  for (u32 in_sample_index = 0; in_sample_index < num_frames_in; in_sample_index++)
  {
    const s16 left = *(frames_in++);
    const s16 right = STEREO ? *(frames_in++) : left;

    if constexpr (!STEREO)
    {
      UNREFERENCED_VARIABLE(right);
    }

    for (u32 sample_dup = 0; sample_dup < (SAMPLE_RATE ? 2 : 1); sample_dup++)
    {
      left_ringbuf[p] = left;
      if constexpr (STEREO)
        right_ringbuf[p] = right;
      p = (p + 1) % 32;
      sixstep--;

      if (sixstep == 0)
      {
        sixstep = 6;
        for (u32 j = 0; j < 7; j++)
        {
          const s16 left_interp = ZigZagInterpolate(left_ringbuf, s_zigzag_table[j].data(), p);
          const s16 right_interp = STEREO ? ZigZagInterpolate(right_ringbuf, s_zigzag_table[j].data(), p) : left_interp;
          AddCDAudioFrame(left_interp, right_interp);
        }
      }
    }
  }

  m_xa_resample_p = p;
  m_xa_resample_sixstep = sixstep;
}

void CDROM::ResetCurrentXAFile()
{
  m_xa_current_channel_number = 0;
  m_xa_current_file_number = 0;
  m_xa_current_set = false;
}

void CDROM::ResetAudioDecoder()
{
  ResetCurrentXAFile();

  m_xa_last_samples.fill(0);
  for (u32 i = 0; i < 2; i++)
  {
    m_xa_resample_ring_buffer[i].fill(0);
    m_xa_resample_p = 0;
    m_xa_resample_sixstep = 6;
  }
  m_audio_fifo.Clear();
}

void CDROM::ProcessXAADPCMSector(const u8* raw_sector, const CDImage::SubChannelQ& subq)
{
  // Check for automatic ADPCM filter.
  if (m_mode.xa_filter && (m_last_sector_subheader.file_number != m_xa_filter_file_number ||
                           m_last_sector_subheader.channel_number != m_xa_filter_channel_number))
  {
    Log_DebugPrintf("Skipping sector due to filter mismatch (expected %u/%u got %u/%u)", m_xa_filter_file_number,
                    m_xa_filter_channel_number, m_last_sector_subheader.file_number,
                    m_last_sector_subheader.channel_number);
    return;
  }

  // Track the current file being played. If this is not set by the filter, it'll be set by the first file/sector which
  // is read. Fixes audio in Tomb Raider III menu.
  if (!m_xa_current_set)
  {
    // Some games (Taxi 2 and Blues Blues) have junk audio sectors with a channel number of 255.
    // We need to skip them otherwise it ends up playing the incorrect file.
    // TODO: Verify with a hardware test.
    if (m_last_sector_subheader.channel_number == 255 && (!m_mode.xa_filter || m_xa_filter_channel_number != 255))
    {
      Log_WarningPrintf("Skipping XA file with file number %u and channel number %u (submode 0x%02X coding 0x%02X)",
                        m_last_sector_subheader.file_number, m_last_sector_subheader.channel_number,
                        m_last_sector_subheader.submode.bits, m_last_sector_subheader.codinginfo.bits);
      return;
    }

    m_xa_current_file_number = m_last_sector_subheader.file_number;
    m_xa_current_channel_number = m_last_sector_subheader.channel_number;
    m_xa_current_set = true;
  }
  else if (m_last_sector_subheader.file_number != m_xa_current_file_number ||
           m_last_sector_subheader.channel_number != m_xa_current_channel_number)
  {
    Log_DebugPrintf("Skipping sector due to current file mismatch (expected %u/%u got %u/%u)", m_xa_current_file_number,
                    m_xa_current_channel_number, m_last_sector_subheader.file_number,
                    m_last_sector_subheader.channel_number);
    return;
  }

  // Reset current file on EOF, and play the file in the next sector.
  if (m_last_sector_subheader.submode.eof)
    ResetCurrentXAFile();

  std::array<s16, CDXA::XA_ADPCM_SAMPLES_PER_SECTOR_4BIT> sample_buffer;
  CDXA::DecodeADPCMSector(raw_sector, sample_buffer.data(), m_xa_last_samples.data());

  // Only send to SPU if we're not muted.
  if (m_muted || m_adpcm_muted || g_settings.cdrom_mute_cd_audio)
    return;

  g_spu.GeneratePendingSamples();

  if (m_last_sector_subheader.codinginfo.IsStereo())
  {
    const u32 num_samples = m_last_sector_subheader.codinginfo.GetSamplesPerSector() / 2;
    if (m_last_sector_subheader.codinginfo.IsHalfSampleRate())
      ResampleXAADPCM<true, true>(sample_buffer.data(), num_samples);
    else
      ResampleXAADPCM<true, false>(sample_buffer.data(), num_samples);
  }
  else
  {
    const u32 num_samples = m_last_sector_subheader.codinginfo.GetSamplesPerSector();
    if (m_last_sector_subheader.codinginfo.IsHalfSampleRate())
      ResampleXAADPCM<false, true>(sample_buffer.data(), num_samples);
    else
      ResampleXAADPCM<false, false>(sample_buffer.data(), num_samples);
  }
}

static s16 GetPeakVolume(const u8* raw_sector, u8 channel)
{
  static constexpr u32 NUM_SAMPLES = CDImage::RAW_SECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(s16);

#if defined(CPU_X64)
  static_assert(Common::IsAlignedPow2(NUM_SAMPLES, 8));
  const u8* current_ptr = raw_sector;
  __m128i v_peak = _mm_set1_epi16(0);
  for (u32 i = 0; i < NUM_SAMPLES; i += 8)
  {
    __m128i val = _mm_loadu_si128(reinterpret_cast<const __m128i*>(current_ptr));
    v_peak = _mm_max_epi16(val, v_peak);
    current_ptr += 16;
  }
  s16 v_peaks[8];
  _mm_store_si128(reinterpret_cast<__m128i*>(v_peaks), v_peak);
  if (channel == 0)
    return std::max(v_peaks[0], std::max(v_peaks[2], std::max(v_peaks[4], v_peaks[6])));
  else
    return std::max(v_peaks[1], std::max(v_peaks[3], std::max(v_peaks[5], v_peaks[7])));
#else
  const u8* current_ptr = raw_sector + (channel * sizeof(s16));
  s16 peak = 0;

  for (u32 i = 0; i < NUM_SAMPLES; i += 2)
  {
    s16 sample;
    std::memcpy(&sample, current_ptr, sizeof(sample));
    peak = std::max(peak, sample);
    current_ptr += sizeof(s16) * 2;
  }

  return peak;
#endif
}

void CDROM::ProcessCDDASector(const u8* raw_sector, const CDImage::SubChannelQ& subq)
{
  // For CDDA sectors, the whole sector contains the audio data.
  Log_DevPrintf("Read sector %u as CDDA", m_current_lba);

  // The reporting doesn't happen if we're reading with the CDDA mode bit set.
  if (m_drive_state == DriveState::Playing && m_mode.report_audio)
  {
    const u8 frame_nibble = subq.absolute_frame_bcd >> 4;

    if (m_last_cdda_report_frame_nibble != frame_nibble)
    {
      m_last_cdda_report_frame_nibble = frame_nibble;

      ClearAsyncInterrupt();
      m_async_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
      m_async_response_fifo.Push(subq.track_number_bcd);
      m_async_response_fifo.Push(subq.index_number_bcd);
      if (subq.absolute_frame_bcd & 0x10)
      {
        m_async_response_fifo.Push(subq.relative_minute_bcd);
        m_async_response_fifo.Push(0x80 | subq.relative_second_bcd);
        m_async_response_fifo.Push(subq.relative_frame_bcd);
      }
      else
      {
        m_async_response_fifo.Push(subq.absolute_minute_bcd);
        m_async_response_fifo.Push(subq.absolute_second_bcd);
        m_async_response_fifo.Push(subq.absolute_frame_bcd);
      }

      const u8 channel = subq.absolute_second_bcd & 1u;
      const s16 peak_volume = std::min<s16>(GetPeakVolume(raw_sector, channel), 32767);
      const u16 peak_value = (ZeroExtend16(channel) << 15) | peak_volume;

      m_async_response_fifo.Push(Truncate8(peak_value));      // peak low
      m_async_response_fifo.Push(Truncate8(peak_value >> 8)); // peak high
      SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt::DataReady);

      Log_DevPrintf("CDDA report at track[%02x] index[%02x] rel[%02x:%02x:%02x] abs[%02x:%02x:%02x] peak[%u:%d]",
                    subq.track_number_bcd, subq.index_number_bcd, subq.relative_minute_bcd, subq.relative_second_bcd,
                    subq.relative_frame_bcd, subq.absolute_minute_bcd, subq.absolute_second_bcd,
                    subq.absolute_frame_bcd, channel, peak_volume);
    }
  }

  // Apply volume when pushing sectors to SPU.
  if (m_muted || g_settings.cdrom_mute_cd_audio)
    return;

  g_spu.GeneratePendingSamples();

  constexpr bool is_stereo = true;
  constexpr u32 num_samples = CDImage::RAW_SECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(s16) / (is_stereo ? 2 : 1);
  const u32 remaining_space = m_audio_fifo.GetSpace();
  if (remaining_space < num_samples)
  {
    Log_WarningPrintf("Dropping %u frames from audio FIFO", num_samples - remaining_space);
    m_audio_fifo.Remove(num_samples - remaining_space);
  }

  const u8* sector_ptr = raw_sector;
  for (u32 i = 0; i < num_samples; i++)
  {
    s16 samp_left, samp_right;
    std::memcpy(&samp_left, sector_ptr, sizeof(samp_left));
    std::memcpy(&samp_right, sector_ptr + sizeof(s16), sizeof(samp_right));
    sector_ptr += sizeof(s16) * 2;
    AddCDAudioFrame(samp_left, samp_right);
  }
}

void CDROM::LoadDataFIFO()
{
  if (!m_data_fifo.IsEmpty())
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Load data fifo when not empty");
    return;
  }

  // any data to load?
  SectorBuffer& sb = m_sector_buffers[m_current_read_sector_buffer];
  if (sb.size == 0)
  {
    Log_WarningPrintf("Attempting to load empty sector buffer");
    m_data_fifo.PushRange(sb.data.data(), RAW_SECTOR_OUTPUT_SIZE);
  }
  else
  {
    m_data_fifo.PushRange(sb.data.data(), sb.size);
    sb.size = 0;
  }

  Log_DebugPrintf("Loaded %u bytes to data FIFO from buffer %u", m_data_fifo.GetSize(), m_current_read_sector_buffer);

  SectorBuffer& next_sb = m_sector_buffers[m_current_write_sector_buffer];
  if (next_sb.size > 0)
  {
    Log_DevPrintf("Sending additional INT1 for missed sector in buffer %u", m_current_write_sector_buffer);
    m_async_response_fifo.Push(m_secondary_status.bits);
    SetAsyncInterrupt(Interrupt::DataReady);
  }
}

void CDROM::ClearSectorBuffers()
{
  for (u32 i = 0; i < NUM_SECTOR_BUFFERS; i++)
    m_sector_buffers[i].size = 0;
}

void CDROM::DrawDebugWindow()
{
  static const ImVec4 active_color{1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
  static const ImVec4 inactive_color{0.4f, 0.4f, 0.4f, 1.0f};
  const float framebuffer_scale = ImGui::GetIO().DisplayFramebufferScale.x;

  ImGui::SetNextWindowSize(ImVec2(800.0f * framebuffer_scale, 550.0f * framebuffer_scale), ImGuiCond_FirstUseEver);
  if (!ImGui::Begin("CDROM State", nullptr))
  {
    ImGui::End();
    return;
  }

  // draw voice states
  if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Media", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
  {
    if (m_reader.HasMedia())
    {
      const CDImage* media = m_reader.GetMedia();
      const CDImage::Position disc_position = CDImage::Position::FromLBA(m_current_lba);

      if (media->HasSubImages())
      {
        ImGui::Text("Filename: %s [Subimage %u of %u] [%u buffered sectors]", media->GetFileName().c_str(),
                    media->GetCurrentSubImage() + 1u, media->GetSubImageCount(), m_reader.GetBufferedSectorCount());
      }
      else
      {
        ImGui::Text("Filename: %s [%u buffered sectors]", media->GetFileName().c_str(),
                    m_reader.GetBufferedSectorCount());
      }

      ImGui::Text("Disc Position: MSF[%02u:%02u:%02u] LBA[%u]", disc_position.minute, disc_position.second,
                  disc_position.frame, disc_position.ToLBA());

      if (media->GetTrackNumber() > media->GetTrackCount())
      {
        ImGui::Text("Track Position: Lead-out");
      }
      else
      {
        const CDImage::Position track_position = CDImage::Position::FromLBA(
          m_current_lba - media->GetTrackStartPosition(static_cast<u8>(media->GetTrackNumber())));
        ImGui::Text("Track Position: Number[%u] MSF[%02u:%02u:%02u] LBA[%u]", media->GetTrackNumber(),
                    track_position.minute, track_position.second, track_position.frame, track_position.ToLBA());
      }

      ImGui::Text("Last Sector: %02X:%02X:%02X (Mode %u)", m_last_sector_header.minute, m_last_sector_header.second,
                  m_last_sector_header.frame, m_last_sector_header.sector_mode);
    }
    else
    {
      ImGui::Text("No media inserted.");
    }
  }

  if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("Status/Mode", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
  {
    ImGui::Columns(3);

    ImGui::Text("Status");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::Text("Secondary Status");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::Text("Mode Status");
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::TextColored(m_status.ADPBUSY ? active_color : inactive_color, "ADPBUSY: %s",
                       m_status.ADPBUSY ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_secondary_status.error ? active_color : inactive_color, "Error: %s",
                       m_secondary_status.error ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_mode.cdda ? active_color : inactive_color, "CDDA: %s", m_mode.cdda ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::TextColored(m_status.PRMEMPTY ? active_color : inactive_color, "PRMEMPTY: %s",
                       m_status.PRMEMPTY ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_secondary_status.motor_on ? active_color : inactive_color, "Motor On: %s",
                       m_secondary_status.motor_on ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_mode.auto_pause ? active_color : inactive_color, "Auto Pause: %s",
                       m_mode.auto_pause ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::TextColored(m_status.PRMWRDY ? active_color : inactive_color, "PRMWRDY: %s",
                       m_status.PRMWRDY ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_secondary_status.seek_error ? active_color : inactive_color, "Seek Error: %s",
                       m_secondary_status.seek_error ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_mode.report_audio ? active_color : inactive_color, "Report Audio: %s",
                       m_mode.report_audio ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::TextColored(m_status.RSLRRDY ? active_color : inactive_color, "RSLRRDY: %s",
                       m_status.RSLRRDY ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_secondary_status.id_error ? active_color : inactive_color, "ID Error: %s",
                       m_secondary_status.id_error ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_mode.xa_filter ? active_color : inactive_color, "XA Filter: %s (File %u Channel %u)",
                       m_mode.xa_filter ? "Yes" : "No", m_xa_filter_file_number, m_xa_filter_channel_number);
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::TextColored(m_status.DRQSTS ? active_color : inactive_color, "DRQSTS: %s", m_status.DRQSTS ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_secondary_status.shell_open ? active_color : inactive_color, "Shell Open: %s",
                       m_secondary_status.shell_open ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_mode.ignore_bit ? active_color : inactive_color, "Ignore Bit: %s",
                       m_mode.ignore_bit ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::TextColored(m_status.BUSYSTS ? active_color : inactive_color, "BUSYSTS: %s",
                       m_status.BUSYSTS ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_secondary_status.reading ? active_color : inactive_color, "Reading: %s",
                       m_secondary_status.reading ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_mode.read_raw_sector ? active_color : inactive_color, "Read Raw Sectors: %s",
                       m_mode.read_raw_sector ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_secondary_status.seeking ? active_color : inactive_color, "Seeking: %s",
                       m_secondary_status.seeking ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_mode.xa_enable ? active_color : inactive_color, "XA Enable: %s",
                       m_mode.xa_enable ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_secondary_status.playing_cdda ? active_color : inactive_color, "Playing CDDA: %s",
                       m_secondary_status.playing_cdda ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();
    ImGui::TextColored(m_mode.double_speed ? active_color : inactive_color, "Double Speed: %s",
                       m_mode.double_speed ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::NextColumn();

    ImGui::Columns(1);
    ImGui::NewLine();

    if (HasPendingCommand())
    {
      ImGui::TextColored(active_color, "Command: %s (0x%02X) (%d ticks remaining)",
                         s_command_info[static_cast<u8>(m_command)].name, static_cast<u8>(m_command),
                         m_command_event->IsActive() ? m_command_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution() : 0);
    }
    else
    {
      ImGui::TextColored(inactive_color, "Command: None");
    }

    if (IsDriveIdle())
    {
      ImGui::TextColored(inactive_color, "Drive: Idle");
    }
    else
    {
      ImGui::TextColored(active_color, "Drive: %s (%d ticks remaining)",
                         s_drive_state_names[static_cast<u8>(m_drive_state)],
                         m_drive_event->IsActive() ? m_drive_event->GetTicksUntilNextExecution() : 0);
    }

    ImGui::Text("Interrupt Enable Register: 0x%02X", m_interrupt_enable_register);
    ImGui::Text("Interrupt Flag Register: 0x%02X", m_interrupt_flag_register);
  }

  if (ImGui::CollapsingHeader("CD Audio", ImGuiTreeNodeFlags_DefaultOpen))
  {
    if (m_drive_state == DriveState::Reading && m_mode.xa_enable)
    {
      ImGui::TextColored(active_color, "Playing: XA-ADPCM (File %u / Channel %u)", m_xa_current_file_number,
                         m_xa_current_channel_number);
    }
    else if (m_drive_state == DriveState::Playing)
    {
      ImGui::TextColored(active_color, "Playing: CDDA (Track %x)", m_last_subq.track_number_bcd);
    }
    else
    {
      ImGui::TextColored(inactive_color, "Playing: Inactive");
    }

    ImGui::TextColored(m_muted ? inactive_color : active_color, "Muted: %s", m_muted ? "Yes" : "No");
    ImGui::Text("Left Output: Left Channel=%02X (%u%%), Right Channel=%02X (%u%%)", m_cd_audio_volume_matrix[0][0],
                ZeroExtend32(m_cd_audio_volume_matrix[0][0]) * 100 / 0x80, m_cd_audio_volume_matrix[1][0],
                ZeroExtend32(m_cd_audio_volume_matrix[1][0]) * 100 / 0x80);
    ImGui::Text("Right Output: Left Channel=%02X (%u%%), Right Channel=%02X (%u%%)", m_cd_audio_volume_matrix[0][1],
                ZeroExtend32(m_cd_audio_volume_matrix[0][1]) * 100 / 0x80, m_cd_audio_volume_matrix[1][1],
                ZeroExtend32(m_cd_audio_volume_matrix[1][1]) * 100 / 0x80);

    ImGui::Text("Audio FIFO Size: %u frames", m_audio_fifo.GetSize());
  }

  ImGui::End();
}