filewriter.go

/*
Copyright 2011 Google Inc.

Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/

package schema

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"os"
	"strings"

	"camlistore.org/pkg/blobref"
	"camlistore.org/pkg/blobserver"
	"camlistore.org/pkg/rollsum"
)

const (
	// maxBlobSize is the largest blob we ever make when cutting up
	// a file.
	maxBlobSize = 1 << 20

	// firstChunkSize is the ideal size of the first chunk of a
	// file.  It's kept smaller for the file(1) command, which
	// likes to read 96 kB on Linux and 256 kB on OS X.  Related
	// are tools which extract the EXIF metadata from JPEGs,
	// ID3 from mp3s, etc.  Nautilus, OS X Finder, etc.
	// The first chunk may be larger than this if cutting the file
	// here would create a small subsequent chunk (e.g. a file one
	// byte larger than firstChunkSize)
	firstChunkSize = 256 << 10

	// bufioReaderSize is an explicit size for our bufio.Reader,
	// so we don't rely on NewReader's implicit size.
	// We care about the buffer size because it affects how far
	// in advance we can detect EOF from an io.Reader that doesn't
	// know its size.  Detecting an EOF bufioReaderSize bytes early
	// means we can plan for the final chunk.
	bufioReaderSize = 32 << 10

	// tooSmallThreshold is the threshold at which rolling checksum
	// boundaries are ignored if the current chunk being built is
	// smaller than this.
	tooSmallThreshold = 64 << 10
)

// WriteFileFromReader creates and uploads a "file" JSON schema
// composed of chunks of r, also uploading the chunks.  The returned
// BlobRef is of the JSON file schema blob.
func WriteFileFromReader(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, filename string, r io.Reader) (*blobref.BlobRef, error) {
	m := NewFileMap(filename)
	return WriteFileMap(bs, m, r)
}

// WriteFileMap uploads chunks of r to bs while populating file and
// finally uploading file's Blob. The returned blobref is of file's
// JSON blob.
func WriteFileMap(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, file *Builder, r io.Reader) (*blobref.BlobRef, error) {
	return writeFileMapRolling(bs, file, r)
}

// This is the simple 1MB chunk version. The rolling checksum version is below.
func writeFileMapOld(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, file *Builder, r io.Reader) (*blobref.BlobRef, error) {
	parts, size := []BytesPart{}, int64(0)

	var buf bytes.Buffer
	for {
		buf.Reset()
		n, err := io.Copy(&buf, io.LimitReader(r, maxBlobSize))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if n == 0 {
			break
		}

		hash := blobref.NewHash()
		io.Copy(hash, bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
		br := blobref.FromHash(hash)
		hasBlob, err := serverHasBlob(bs, br)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		if !hasBlob {
			sb, err := bs.ReceiveBlob(br, &buf)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			if expect := (blobref.SizedBlobRef{br, n}); !expect.Equal(sb) {
				return nil, fmt.Errorf("schema/filewriter: wrote %s bytes, got %s ack'd", expect, sb)
			}
		}

		size += n
		parts = append(parts, BytesPart{
			BlobRef: br,
			Size:    uint64(n),
			Offset:  0, // into BlobRef to read from (not of dest)
		})
	}

	err := file.PopulateParts(size, parts)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	json := file.Blob().JSON()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	br := blobref.SHA1FromString(json)
	sb, err := bs.ReceiveBlob(br, strings.NewReader(json))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if expect := (blobref.SizedBlobRef{br, int64(len(json))}); !expect.Equal(sb) {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("schema/filewriter: wrote %s bytes, got %s ack'd", expect, sb)
	}

	return br, nil
}

func serverHasBlob(bs blobserver.BlobStatter, br *blobref.BlobRef) (have bool, err error) {
	_, err = blobserver.StatBlob(bs, br)
	if err == nil {
		have = true
	} else if err == os.ErrNotExist {
		err = nil
	}
	return
}

type span struct {
	from, to int64
	bits     int
	br       *blobref.BlobRef
	children []span
}

func (s *span) isSingleBlob() bool {
	return len(s.children) == 0
}

func (s *span) size() int64 {
	size := s.to - s.from
	for _, cs := range s.children {
		size += cs.size()
	}
	return size
}

// noteEOFReader keeps track of when it's seen EOF, but otherwise
// delegates entirely to r.
type noteEOFReader struct {
	r      io.Reader
	sawEOF bool
}

func (r *noteEOFReader) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
	n, err = r.r.Read(p)
	if err == io.EOF {
		r.sawEOF = true
	}
	return
}

func uploadString(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, br *blobref.BlobRef, s string) (*blobref.BlobRef, error) {
	if br == nil {
		panic("nil blobref")
	}
	hasIt, err := serverHasBlob(bs, br)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if hasIt {
		return br, nil
	}
	_, err = bs.ReceiveBlob(br, strings.NewReader(s))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return br, nil
}

// uploadBytes populates bb (a builder of either type "bytes" or
// "file", which is a superset of "bytes"), sets it to the provided
// size, and populates with provided spans.  The bytes or file schema
// blob is uploaded and its blobref is returned.
func uploadBytes(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, bb *Builder, size int64, s []span) *uploadBytesFuture {
	future := newUploadBytesFuture()
	parts := []BytesPart{}
	addBytesParts(bs, &parts, s, future)

	if err := bb.PopulateParts(size, parts); err != nil {
		future.errc <- err
		return future
	}

	// Hack until camlistore.org/issue/102 is fixed. If we happen to upload
	// the "file" schema before any of its parts arrive, then the indexer
	// can get confused.  So wait on the parts before, and then upload
	// the "file" blob afterwards.
	if bb.Type() == "file" {
		future.errc <- nil
		_, err := future.Get() // may not be nil, if children parts failed
		future = newUploadBytesFuture()
		if err != nil {
			future.errc <- err
			return future
		}
	}

	json := bb.Blob().JSON()
	br := blobref.SHA1FromString(json)
	future.br = br
	go func() {
		_, err := uploadString(bs, br, json)
		future.errc <- err
	}()
	return future
}

func newUploadBytesFuture() *uploadBytesFuture {
	return &uploadBytesFuture{
		errc: make(chan error, 1),
	}
}

// An uploadBytesFuture is an eager result of a still-in-progress uploadBytes call.
// Call Get to wait and get its final result.
type uploadBytesFuture struct {
	br       *blobref.BlobRef
	errc     chan error
	children []*uploadBytesFuture
}

// BlobRef returns the optimistic blobref of this uploadBytes call without blocking.
func (f *uploadBytesFuture) BlobRef() *blobref.BlobRef {
	return f.br
}

// Get blocks for all children and returns any final error.
func (f *uploadBytesFuture) Get() (*blobref.BlobRef, error) {
	for _, f := range f.children {
		if _, err := f.Get(); err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}
	return f.br, <-f.errc
}

// addBytesParts uploads the provided spans to bs, appending elements to *dst.
func addBytesParts(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, dst *[]BytesPart, spans []span, parent *uploadBytesFuture) {
	for _, sp := range spans {
		if len(sp.children) == 1 && sp.children[0].isSingleBlob() {
			// Remove an occasional useless indirection of
			// what would become a bytes schema blob
			// pointing to a single blobref.  Just promote
			// the blobref child instead.
			child := sp.children[0]
			*dst = append(*dst, BytesPart{
				BlobRef: child.br,
				Size:    uint64(child.size()),
			})
			sp.children = nil
		}
		if len(sp.children) > 0 {
			childrenSize := int64(0)
			for _, cs := range sp.children {
				childrenSize += cs.size()
			}
			future := uploadBytes(bs, newBytes(), childrenSize, sp.children)
			parent.children = append(parent.children, future)
			*dst = append(*dst, BytesPart{
				BytesRef: future.BlobRef(),
				Size:     uint64(childrenSize),
			})
		}
		if sp.from == sp.to {
			panic("Shouldn't happen. " + fmt.Sprintf("weird span with same from & to: %#v", sp))
		}
		*dst = append(*dst, BytesPart{
			BlobRef: sp.br,
			Size:    uint64(sp.to - sp.from),
		})
	}
}

// writeFileMap uploads chunks of r to bs while populating fileMap and
// finally uploading fileMap. The returned blobref is of fileMap's
// JSON blob. It uses rolling checksum for the chunks sizes.
func writeFileMapRolling(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, file *Builder, r io.Reader) (*blobref.BlobRef, error) {
	n, spans, err := writeFileChunks(bs, file, r)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	// The top-level content parts
	return uploadBytes(bs, file, n, spans).Get()
}

// WriteFileChunks uploads chunks of r to bs while populating file.
// It does not upload file.
func WriteFileChunks(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, file *Builder, r io.Reader) error {
	size, spans, err := writeFileChunks(bs, file, r)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	parts := []BytesPart{}
	future := newUploadBytesFuture()
	addBytesParts(bs, &parts, spans, future)
	future.errc <- nil // Get will still block on addBytesParts' children
	if _, err := future.Get(); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return file.PopulateParts(size, parts)
}

func writeFileChunks(bs blobserver.StatReceiver, file *Builder, r io.Reader) (n int64, spans []span, outerr error) {
	src := &noteEOFReader{r: r}
	bufr := bufio.NewReaderSize(src, bufioReaderSize)
	spans = []span{} // the tree of spans, cut on interesting rollsum boundaries
	rs := rollsum.New()
	var last int64
	var buf bytes.Buffer
	blobSize := 0 // of the next blob being built, should be same as buf.Len()

	const chunksInFlight = 32 // at ~64 KB chunks, this is ~2MB memory per file
	gatec := make(chan bool, chunksInFlight)
	firsterrc := make(chan error, 1)

	// uploadLastSpan runs in the same goroutine as the loop below and is responsible for
	// starting uploading the contents of the buf.  It returns false if there's been
	// an error and the loop below should be stopped.
	uploadLastSpan := func() bool {
		chunk := buf.String()
		buf.Reset()
		br := blobref.SHA1FromString(chunk)
		spans[len(spans)-1].br = br
		select {
		case outerr = <-firsterrc:
			return false
		default:
			// No error seen so far, continue.
		}
		gatec <- true
		go func() {
			if _, err := uploadString(bs, br, chunk); err != nil {
				select {
				case firsterrc <- err:
				default:
				}
			}
			<-gatec
		}()
		return true
	}

	for {
		c, err := bufr.ReadByte()
		if err == io.EOF {
			if n != last {
				spans = append(spans, span{from: last, to: n})
				if !uploadLastSpan() {
					return
				}
			}
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return 0, nil, err
		}

		buf.WriteByte(c)
		n++
		blobSize++
		rs.Roll(c)

		var bits int
		onRollSplit := rs.OnSplit()
		switch {
		case blobSize == maxBlobSize:
			bits = 20 // arbitrary node weight; 1<<20 == 1MB
		case src.sawEOF:
			// Don't split. End is coming soon enough.
			continue
		case onRollSplit && n > firstChunkSize && blobSize > tooSmallThreshold:
			bits = rs.Bits()
		case n == firstChunkSize:
			bits = 18 // 1 << 18 == 256KB
		default:
			// Don't split.
			continue
		}
		blobSize = 0

		// Take any spans from the end of the spans slice that
		// have a smaller 'bits' score and make them children
		// of this node.
		var children []span
		childrenFrom := len(spans)
		for childrenFrom > 0 && spans[childrenFrom-1].bits < bits {
			childrenFrom--
		}
		if nCopy := len(spans) - childrenFrom; nCopy > 0 {
			children = make([]span, nCopy)
			copy(children, spans[childrenFrom:])
			spans = spans[:childrenFrom]
		}

		spans = append(spans, span{from: last, to: n, bits: bits, children: children})
		last = n
		if !uploadLastSpan() {
			return
		}
	}

	// Loop was already hit earlier.
	if outerr != nil {
		return 0, nil, outerr
	}

	// Wait for all uploads to finish, one way or another, and then
	// see if any generated errors.
	// Once this loop is done, we own all the tokens in gatec, so nobody
	// else can have one outstanding.
	for i := 0; i < chunksInFlight; i++ {
		gatec <- true
	}
	select {
	case err := <-firsterrc:
		return 0, nil, err
	default:
	}

	return n, spans, nil

}