Angular: Add type support for Angular's output signals

[valentinpalkovic]

Closes N/A

What I did

Support the new signal-based output function in Angular 17.3 and upwards in Storybook's helper types as Meta, StoryObj or StoryFn. I also ensured that TypeScript doesn't complain in Angular versions that don't support this feature.

Please be aware that controls might not reflect the proper types when Signals are used. For component and property analysis, we are relying on Compodoc. Compodoc doesn't support the new output signal yet.

Checklist for Contributors

Testing

The changes in this PR are covered in the following automated tests:

• stories
• unit tests
• integration tests
• end-to-end tests

Manual testing

1. Run a latest Angular sandbox (angular-cli/default-ts)
2. Open the story src/stories/frameworks/angular_angular-cli-prerelease/signal/button.stories.ts
3. Make sure that, for example the type for the onClick argument gets correctly inferred

Documentation

• Add or update documentation reflecting your changes
• If you are deprecating/removing a feature, make sure to update
  MIGRATION.MD

Checklist for Maintainers

• When this PR is ready for testing, make sure to add ci:normal, ci:merged or ci:daily GH label to it to run a specific set of sandboxes. The particular set of sandboxes can be found in code/lib/cli/src/sandbox-templates.ts

• Make sure this PR contains one of the labels below:

  Available labels

  • bug: Internal changes that fixes incorrect behavior.
  • maintenance: User-facing maintenance tasks.
  • dependencies: Upgrading (sometimes downgrading) dependencies.
  • build: Internal-facing build tooling & test updates. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • cleanup: Minor cleanup style change. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • documentation: Documentation only changes. Will not show up in release changelog.
  • feature request: Introducing a new feature.
  • BREAKING CHANGE: Changes that break compatibility in some way with current major version.
  • other: Changes that don't fit in the above categories.

🦋 Canary release

This PR does not have a canary release associated. You can request a canary release of this pull request by mentioning the @storybookjs/core team here.

core team members can create a canary release here or locally with gh workflow run --repo storybookjs/storybook canary-release-pr.yml --field pr=<PR_NUMBER>

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