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protocol.tex
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protocol.tex
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\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{ifxetex}
\usepackage{ifluatex}
% Dark magic. Woooooo.
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/488473/78411>
\ifluatex
\directlua{
luatexbase.add_to_callback("luaotfload.patch_font", function (fontdata)
local parameters = fontdata.parameters
if not parameters then return end
if not (parameters.x_height or parameters[5] or 0) == 0 then return end
if fontdata.characters and fontdata.characters[120] then
parameters.x_height = fontdata.characters[120].height
else
parameters.x_height = (parameters.ascender or 0)*0.5
end
end, "Fix x-height")
}
\fi
\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{bytefield}
\usepackage{graphicx}
\usepackage{mathtools}
\usepackage{xspace}
\usepackage{url}
\usepackage{changepage}
\usepackage{enumitem}
\usepackage{tabularx}
\usepackage{hhline}
\usepackage[usestackEOL]{stackengine}
\usepackage{comment}
\usepackage{needspace}
\usepackage[nobottomtitles,explicit]{titlesec}
\usepackage[hang]{footmisc}
\usepackage{xstring}
\usepackage[usenames,dvipsnames]{xcolor}
% Must be loaded before hyperref. <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/22014/78411>
% noautomatic is used because either latexmk or the Makefile will take care of running
% mymakeindex.sh (which runs makeindex and then fixes duplicate page numbers).
\usepackage[nonewpage]{imakeidx}
\makeindex[noautomatic,columnsep=2.5em]
% This is used by the output of mymakeindex.sh in some cases.
% <https://stackoverflow.com/a/49406814/393146>
\newcommand{\increment}[1]{\the\numexpr #1+1\relax}
% The destlabel option creates "destination names" in the PDF, which allows
% linking to sections in URL fragments when viewing the PDF in a web browser:
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/65049/78411>
%
% The Makefile previously supported processing the PDF through Ghostscript in
% order to optimize its size. Since TeXLive 2019, this is no longer an effective
% optimization. However, in case processing through Ghostscript is needed for other
% reasons, we retain the pdfa option, which has the side effect of preserving
% hyperlinks through such processing. (An alternative way of doing that would be
% to use -dPrinted=false on the Ghostscript command line.) The resulting document
% will not actually be PDF/A.
%
% To preserve destination names through Ghostscript processing, extractpdfmark
% would need to be used as described at <https://github.com/trueroad/extractpdfmark>.
%
\usepackage[unicode,bookmarksnumbered,bookmarksopen,allbordercolors=MidnightBlue,
citebordercolor=Plum,urlbordercolor=BrickRed,pdfa,destlabel]{hyperref}
\usepackage[amsmath,amsthm,thmmarks,hyperref]{ntheorem}
\usepackage[printocg=never,exportocg=never]{ocgx2}
\usepackage{cleveref}
\usepackage{nameref}
\usepackage{etoolbox}
\usepackage{subdepth}
\usepackage{fix-cm}
\usepackage{hyphenat}
\usepackage{tocloft}
\usepackage{pict2e}
\usepackage{silence}
\WarningFilter{latex}{Reference}
\WarningFilter{latex}{Citation}
\WarningFilter{latex}{Hyper reference}
\WarningFilter{imakeidx}{Remember to run}
\WarningFilter{microtype}{Unknown slot number of character}
\usepackage{microtype}
% Target biblatex >= v3.5. <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/231215/78411>
\WarningFilter{biblatex}{'edtf'}
\WarningFilter{biblatex}{'\mkdaterangeedtf'}
\usepackage[style=alphabetic,maxbibnames=99,dateabbrev=false,urldate=edtf,seconds=true,
backref=true,backrefstyle=none,backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{zcash.bib}
% Fonts
\usepackage{lmodern}
\usepackage{quattrocento}
\usepackage[bb=ams]{mathalfa}
\usepackage[scr]{rsfso}
% Quattrocento is beautiful but doesn't have an italic face. So we scale
% New Century Schoolbook italic to fit in with slanted Quattrocento and
% match its x height.
% (This has the side effect of making all italic text into boxes, so
% it won't linebreak, which has pluses and minuses.)
%
% XeTeX and LuaLaTeX require the \fontencoding{T1}:
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/426300/78411>
%
\renewcommand{\emph}[1]{\hspace{0.15em}{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{pnc}\selectfont\scalebox{1.02}[0.999]{\textit{#1}}}\hspace{0.02em}}
% While we're at it, let's match the tt x height to Quattrocento as well,
% and compress it a little to save space in tables.
\let\oldtexttt\texttt
\let\oldmathtt\mathtt
\renewcommand{\texttt}[1]{\scalebox{0.97}[1.07]{\oldtexttt{#1}}}
\renewcommand{\mathtt}[1]{\scalebox{0.97}[1.07]{$\oldmathtt{#1}$}}
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/236822/78411>
\makeatletter
\def\@idxitem{\par\vspace{0.75ex plus 0.1ex minus 0.1ex}\hangindent 4em}
\def\subitem{\par\hangindent 6.5em \hspace*{2.5em}}
\def\subsubitem{\par\hangindent 9em \hspace*{5em}}
\makeatother
\crefformat{footnote}{#2\footnotemark[#1]#3}
\DeclareLabelalphaTemplate{
\labelelement{\field{citekey}}
}
\DefineBibliographyStrings{english}{
page = {page},
pages = {pages},
backrefpage = {\mbox{$\uparrow$ p\!}},
backrefpages = {\mbox{$\uparrow$ p\!}}
}
\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.25in}
\setlength{\textwidth}{7in}
\setlength{\topmargin}{-0.75in}
\setlength{\textheight}{9.2in}
\setlength{\parindent}{0ex}
\newcommand{\defaultarraystretch}{1.4}
\renewcommand{\arraystretch}{\defaultarraystretch}
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/49898/78411>
\makeatletter
\renewcommand{\@pnumwidth}{2em}
\makeatother
\newcommand{\pagenumfont}{\fontencoding{T1}\fontfamily{pnc}\selectfont\rule[-.2\baselineskip]{0pt}{1.32\baselineskip}}
\renewcommand{\cftsecpagefont}{\pagenumfont}
\renewcommand{\cftsubsecpagefont}{\pagenumfont}
\renewcommand{\cftsubsubsecpagefont}{\pagenumfont}
\renewcommand{\cftparapagefont}{\pagenumfont}
\hfuzz=1pt
\vfuzz=2pt
\overfullrule=2cm
\renewcommand{\footnotelayout}{\leftskip=1.4em}
\setlength{\footnotemargin}{0.55em}
\setlength{\footnotesep}{2ex}
\addtolength{\skip\footins}{3ex}
\renewcommand{\bottomtitlespace}{8ex}
% Use rubber lengths between paragraphs to improve default pagination.
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/17178/vertical-spacing-pagination-and-ideal-results>
\setlength{\parskip}{1.5ex plus 2pt minus 2pt}
%\setlength{\parskip}{6.3pt plus 2pt minus 2pt}
\widowpenalties 3 10000 1000 0
\setlength{\bibitemsep}{1.2ex} % default is too cramped!
\setlength{\biblabelsep}{0.5em} % default is not cramped enough! :-)
\setlist[enumerate]{itemsep=0.3ex,before=\vspace{-0.8ex}}
\setlist[itemize]{itemsep=0.3ex,topsep=0.2ex,before=\vspace{-0.8ex},after=\vspace{1.5ex}}
\newlist{compactitemize}{itemize}{3}
\setlist[compactitemize]{itemsep=-1ex,topsep=0ex,before=\vspace{-0.2ex},leftmargin=1.2em,label=$\cdot$,after=\vspace{-3.3ex}}
\newlist{formulae}{itemize}{3}
\setlist[formulae]{itemsep=0.2ex,topsep=0ex,leftmargin=1.5em,label=,after=\vspace{1.5ex}}
\newlist{algorithm}{itemize}{3}
\setlist[algorithm]{itemsep=0ex,topsep=0ex,leftmargin=1.5em,label=,after=\vspace{1.5ex}}
\newlist{lines}{itemize}{3}
\setlist[lines]{itemsep=-0.5ex,topsep=0ex,before=\vspace{1ex},leftmargin=1.6em,label=,after=\vspace{1ex}}
\newlist{poetry}{itemize}{3}
\setlist[poetry]{itemsep=-0.5ex,topsep=0ex,leftmargin=0em,label=}
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/12712/78411> (with X in place of m)
\newcolumntype{L}[1]{>{\raggedright\let\newline\\\arraybackslash\hspace{0pt}}X{#1}}
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/112585/78411>
\newcolumntype{R}{>{$}r<{,\,\;$}}
\newcolumntype{S}{>{$}r<{\;$}}
\newcolumntype{T}{>{$}l<{\;$}}
\newcolumntype{U}{>{$}l<{$}}
\newcolumntype{C}{>{$}c<{$}}
\makeatletter
\renewcommand*{\@fnsymbol}[1]{\ensuremath{\ifcase#1\or \dagger\or \ddagger\or \mathsection\or \mathparagraph\else\@ctrerr\fi}}
\makeatother
% Fix the height of citation link underlines.
% Also, biblatex really doesn't want to support Unicode citation labels, but I will not be beaten.
\newcommand{\linkstrut}{\rule[-0.4ex]{0ex}{\fontcharht\font`X}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{labelalpha}{\linkstrut\smash{\StrSubstitute{#1}{MAEA2010}{MAEÁ2010}}}
\DeclareFieldFormat{postnote}{\linkstrut\smash{#1}}
\let\oldcite\cite
\renewcommand{\cite}[2][]{\raisebox{0ex}{\oldcite[{#1}]{#2}}}
\let\oldfootnote\footnote
\renewcommand{\footnote}[1]{\hairspace{\oldfootnote{#1}}}
\newcommand{\footnotewithlabel}[2]{\hairspace\oldfootnote{\label{#1}{#2}}}
\newcommand{\noborders}[1]{% no nations
\hypersetup{pdfborderstyle=/W 0}{#1}\hypersetup{pdfborderstyle=/S/U/W 0.7}}
\newcommand{\headingandlabel}[2]{\texorpdfstring{\noborders{\switchocg{labels}{#1}}}{}\hfill%
\begin{ocg}{Labels}{labels}{false}\fcolorbox{black}{\labelcolor}{%
\normalfont\normalsize\noborders{\href{\baseurl#2}{\color{black}\raisebox{0.2ex}{\linkstrut}\smash{#2}}}}\end{ocg}}
\newcommand{\refprefix}{\linkstrut\S\!\!}
\newcommand{\crossref}[1]{\raisebox{0ex}{\refprefix\autoref{#1}}\hspace{0.2em}\emph{`\nameref*{#1}\kern -0.05em'} on p.\,\pageref*{#1}}
\newcommand{\shortcrossref}[1]{\raisebox{0ex}{\refprefix\autoref{#1}} on p.\,\pageref*{#1}}
\newcommand{\theoremref}[1]{\raisebox{0ex}{\hyperref[#1]{Theorem \ref*{#1}\vphantom{,}}} on p.\,\pageref*{#1}}
\newcommand{\lemmaref}[1]{\raisebox{0ex}{\hyperref[#1]{Lemma \ref*{#1}\vphantom{,}}} on p.\,\pageref*{#1}}
\newcommand{\footnoteref}[1]{\hairspace\raisebox{0ex}{\cref{#1}}}
\newcommand{\snarkref}[2]{\raisebox{0ex}{\hyperref[#2]{\linkstrut\smash{\textbf{#1}}}}}
\newcommand{\callout}[2]{\vspace{1ex plus 2pt minus 2pt}#1\textbf{#2}\hspace{1em}}
\newcommand{\historyentry}[2]{\introlist\headingandlabel{\callout{}{#1}{#2}}{\##1}\label{#1}}
\renewcommand{\appendixautorefname}{ }
\renewcommand{\sectionautorefname}{ }
\renewcommand{\subsectionautorefname}{ }
\renewcommand{\subsubsectionautorefname}{ }
\renewcommand{\paragraphautorefname}{ }
\renewcommand{\subparagraphautorefname}{ }
%\let\oldhref\href
%\renewcommand{\href}[2]{\raisebox{0ex}{\oldhref{#1}{\linkstrut\smash{#2}}}}
%\let\oldurl\url
%\renewcommand{\url}[1]{\href{#1}{\nolinkurl{#1}}}
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/60212/78411>
\newcommand{\subsubsubsection}[1]{\paragraph{#1}}
\newcommand{\subsubsubsubsection}[1]{\subparagraph{#1}}
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{4}
\setcounter{tocdepth}{4}
\newcommand{\slightlylarge}{\fontsize{10.5}{10.5}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\notsolarge}{\fontsize{11}{11}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\largeish}{\fontsize{12}{12}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\larger}{\fontsize{13}{13}\selectfont}
\newcommand{\Larger}{\fontsize{16}{16}\selectfont}
\titleformat{\section}{\Large\bfseries}{\thesection}{1em}{\headingandlabel{#1}{\#\sectionlabel}}
\titleformat{\subsection}{\larger\bfseries}{\thesubsection}{1em}{\headingandlabel{#1}{\#\sectionlabel}}
\titleformat{\subsubsection}{\largeish\bfseries}{\thesubsubsection}{1em}{\headingandlabel{#1}{\#\sectionlabel}}
\titleformat{\paragraph}{\notsolarge\bfseries}{\theparagraph}{1em}{\headingandlabel{#1}{\#\sectionlabel}}
\titleformat{\subparagraph}{\slightlylarge\bfseries}{\thesubparagraph}{1em}{\headingandlabel{#1}{\#\sectionlabel}}
\newcommand{\addparttocontents}[1]{\phantomsection\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\larger{#1}}}
\newcommand{\phantompart}[2]{\def\sectionlabel{#2} \addparttocontents{#1}\label{#2}}
\newcommand{\lpart}[2]{\def\sectionlabel{#2} \intropart\vspace{20ex}\addparttocontents{#1}\section*{#1}\label{#2}}
\newcommand{\lsection}[2]{\def\sectionlabel{#2} \section{#1}\label{#2}}
\newcommand{\lsubsection}[2]{\def\sectionlabel{#2} \subsection{#1}\label{#2}}
\newcommand{\lsubsubsection}[2]{\def\sectionlabel{#2} \subsubsection{#1}\label{#2}}
\newcommand{\lsubsubsubsection}[2]{\def\sectionlabel{#2} \subsubsubsection{#1}\label{#2}}
\newcommand{\lsubsubsubsubsection}[2]{\def\sectionlabel{#2} \subsubsubsubsection{#1}\label{#2}}
\newcommand{\introlist}{\needspace{15ex}}
\newcommand{\introsection}{\needspace{35ex}}
\newcommand{\intropart}{\needspace{55ex}}
\newcommand{\theoremlabel}[1]{\def\sectionlabel{#1}}
\theorempreskip{5ex}
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/30265/78411>
% <https://stackoverflow.com/a/36706487/393146> for the \phantomsection hack (to link to exactly the right place).
\newtheoremstyle{labelledtheorem}%
{\item[] \headingandlabel{\normalfont\bfseries ##1\ ##2.\hspace{1em}}{\#\sectionlabel}\phantomsection\label{\sectionlabel}\normalfont\itshape}%
{\item[] \headingandlabel{\normalfont\bfseries ##1\ ##2.\hspace{1em}\normalfont\itshape ##3.}{\#\sectionlabel}\phantomsection\label{\sectionlabel}\normalfont\itshape}
\theoremstyle{labelledtheorem} % switch to newly defined theorem style
% \cftdotfill{\cftdotsep} matches the dot spacing from the Contents (found in the documentation of tocloft).
\newcommand{\theoremlistentry}[5]{\vspace{0.5ex}\makebox[\textwidth][l]{\hyperlink{#5}{\vphantom{p}\makebox[4.5em][l]{#1}\makebox[3em][l]{#2}#3}\cftdotfill{\cftdotsep} #4}\\}
% We intentionally pass only 4 parameters to \theoremlistentry. The extra one (the target link)
% is effectively "curried". This works around a bug in ntheorem when its \newtheoremlisttype macro
% is used with hyperref.
\newtheoremlisttype{labelledtheorem}%
{\begin{tabular*}{\textwidth}{@{}l}}%
{\theoremlistentry{##1}{##2}{##3}{##4}}%
{\end{tabular*}}
\theoremlisttype{labelledtheorem}
% Theorems and lemmata are numbered together and consecutively within a subsection.
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[subsection]
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\mathchardef\mhyphen="2D
\newcommand{\lrarrow}{\texorpdfstring{$\leftrightarrow$}{↔}}
% Using the astral plane character 𝕊 works, but triggers bugs in PDF readers 😛
\newcommand{\rS}{\texorpdfstring{$\ParamS{r}$}{rS}}
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/309445/78411>
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<-> s*[.4] FdSymbolA-Regular
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\DeclareMathSymbol{\smallcirc}{\mathord}{fdsymbol}{"60}
\makeatletter
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\vbox{\hbox{$\m@th#1\smallcirc$}\nointerlineskip\kern.45ex \hbox{$\m@th#1\smallcirc$}\kern-.06ex}
\mspace{1mu}
}
\makeatother
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% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/235120/78411>
\makeatletter
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% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/269020/78411>, with explicit size parameter
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% $v$ is too close to $u$.
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/130569/sharp-or-angled-v-in-math-mode-varv>
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\DeclareMathSymbol{\varv}{\mathord}{matha}{118}
% newtxmath defines some nice characters, but has too many side effects
% and is completely incompatible with lmodern. We pull these definitions out
% of <newtxmath.sty>.
% from <https://tex.stackexchange.com/q/452081/78411>
\makeatletter
\newif\iftx@libertine
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\newif\iftx@ch
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\newcommand{\oparen}{\big(}
\newcommand{\hparen}{\phantom{\oparen}}
\newcommand{\cparen}{\big)}
\newcommand{\mhspace}[1]{\mbox{\hspace{#1}}}
\newcommand{\tab}{\hspace{1.5em}}
\newcommand{\raisedstrut}{\raisebox{0.3ex}{\strut}}
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/415155/78411>
\newcommand{\clasp}[3][0pt]{\stackengine{0pt}{#3}{\kern#1#2}{O}{c}{F}{F}{L}}
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\hspace{0.005em}\scalebox{0.64}[1]{$\sqrt{\scalebox{1.5625}[1]{$\phantom{#1}\vphantom{b}$}}$}}
\newcommand{\sbitbox}[2]{\bitbox{#1}{\strut #2}}
\newcommand{\docversion}{Version unavailable (check protocol.ver)}
\newcommand{\SproutSpec}{Sprout}
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\newcommand{\BlossomSpec}{Overwinter+Sapling+Blossom}
\newcommand{\HeartwoodSpec}{Overwinter+Sapling+Blossom+Heartwood}
\newtoggle{issapling}
\togglefalse{issapling}
\newtoggle{isblossom}
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\newtoggle{isheartwood}
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\newcommand{\leadauthor}{Daira Hopwood}
\newcommand{\coauthora}{Sean Bowe}
\newcommand{\coauthorb}{Taylor Hornby}
\newcommand{\coauthorc}{Nathan Wilcox}
\newcommand{\keywords}{anonymity, applications, cryptographic protocols,\
electronic commerce and payment, financial privacy, proof of work, zero knowledge}
% <https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Colors#The_68_standard_colors_known_to_dvips>
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\newcommand{\blossomcolor}{red}
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\newcommand{\notheartwood}[1]{}
\newcommand{\notbeforeheartwood}[1]{#1}
} {
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\newcommand{\notheartwood}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\notbeforeheartwood}[1]{}
}
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}
} {
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}
}
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\newcommand{\optSprout}[1]{{#1}^\mathsf{Sprout}}
} {
\newcommand{\sprout}[1]{#1}
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\newcommand{\overwinter}[1]{}
\newcommand{\optSprout}[1]{#1}
}
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},
baseurl={\baseurl}
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% Terminology
\newcommand{\indextype}{normalstyle}
\newcommand{\normalstyle}[1]{#1}
\newcommand{\definingstyle}[1]{\textit{\textbf{#1}}\kern 0.05em}
\newcommand{\defining}[1]{{\renewcommand{\indextype}{definingstyle}#1}}
% The arguments are: {link_as_formatted}{index_sort_key}{index_as_formatted}.
%
% \index goes after the term so that the page reference is correct if at the start of a page (see
% <https://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/476644/how-can-i-define-an-new-index-command-that-works-better-for-paragraphs>,
% although our solution is different).
% The method of linking to the index is inspired by <https://tex.stackexchange.com/a/399776/78411>.
% \texorpdfstring doesn't actually work here other than to cause an error if we would end up with a
% link in a heading, rather than a hang.
\newcommand{\indexlink}[3]{\texorpdfstring{\hypersetup{pdfborderstyle=/W 0}\hyperlink{index:#2}{#1}%
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\newcommand{\termnoindex}[1]{\rawterm{#1}\xspace}
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\newcommand{\term}[1]{\termandindex{#1}{#1}}
\newcommand{\terms}[1]{\termandindex{#1s}{#1}}
\newcommand{\termes}[1]{\termandindex{#1es}{#1}}
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\newcommand{\termxs}[1]{\termandindex{\MakeUppercase #1s}{#1}}
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\newcommand{\titleterms}[1]{#1s}
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\newcommand{\termbf}[1]{\indexlink{\textbf{#1}}{#1}{\textbf{#1}}}
\newcommand{\termsf}[1]{\indexlink{\textsf{#1}}{#1}{\textsf{#1}}}
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\newcommand{\quotedterm}[1]{``~\!\!\term{#1}''}
\newcommand{\definingquotedterm}[1]{\defining{\quotedterm{#1}}}
\newcommand{\Zcash}{\termbfnoindex{Zcash}}
\newcommand{\Zerocash}{\termbf{Zerocash}}
\newcommand{\ZerocashText}{\textbf{Zerocash}}
\newcommand{\Sprout}{\termbf{Sprout}}
\newcommand{\SproutText}{\textbf{Sprout}}
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\newcommand{\BitcoinText}{\textbf{Bitcoin}}
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\newcommand{\zatoshi}{\term{zatoshi}}
\newcommand{\zcashd}{\termsf{zcashd}}
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\newcommand{\ALLCAPS}{\conformance{ALL CAPS}}
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\newcommand{\collisionResistance}{\term{collision resistance}}
\newcommand{\xCollisionResistance}{\termx{collision resistance}}
\newcommand{\publicKey}{\term{public key}}
\newcommand{\publicKeys}{\terms{public key}}
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\newcommand{\privateKeys}{\terms{private key}}
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\newcommand{\DummyNotes}{\titleterms{Dummy Note}}
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\newcommand{\JoinSplitTransfers}{\titleterms{JoinSplit Transfer}}
\newcommand{\joinSplitSignature}{\term{JoinSplit signature}}
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\newcommand{\JoinSplitSignature}{\titleterm{JoinSplit Signature}}
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\newcommand{\spendAuthAddressKey}{\term{spend authorization address key}}
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\newcommand{\bindingSignatureScheme}{\term{binding signature scheme}}
\newcommand{\txBindingVerificationKey}{\term{transaction binding verification key}}
\newcommand{\balancingValue}{\term{balancing value}}
\newcommand{\shieldedOutput}{\term{shielded output}}
\newcommand{\shieldedOutputs}{\terms{shielded output}}
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\newcommand{\ZkSNARKStatements}{\titleterm{Zk-SNARK Statement}\notsprout{s}}
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\newcommand{\zeroKnowledgeProof}{\term{zero-knowledge proof}}
\newcommand{\zeroKnowledgeProofs}{\terms{zero-knowledge proof}}
\newcommand{\proofNonmalleability}{\termandindex{nonmalleability}{nonmalleability (of proofs)}}
\newcommand{\proofBatchEntries}{\termandindex{proof batch entries}{proof batch entry}}
\newcommand{\provingSystem}{\term{proving system}}
\newcommand{\provingSystems}{\terms{proving system}}
\newcommand{\zeroKnowledgeProvingSystem}{\term{zero-knowledge proving system}}
\newcommand{\ZeroKnowledgeProvingSystem}{\titleterm{Zero-Knowledge Proving System}}
\newcommand{\ZeroKnowledgeProvingSystems}{\titleterms{Zero-Knowledge Proving System}}
\newcommand{\quadraticConstraintProgram}{\term{quadratic constraint program}}
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\newcommand{\linearCombination}{\term{linear combination}}
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\newcommand{\groupHash}{\term{group hash}}
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\newcommand{\representedPairing}{\term{represented pairing}}
\newcommand{\RepresentedPairing}{\titleterm{Represented Pairing}}
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\newcommand{\BCTVProvingSystem}{\titleterm{BCTV14}}
\newcommand{\GrothProvingSystem}{\titleterm{Groth16}}
\newcommand{\BNCurve}{\mathsf{BN\mhyphen{}254}}
\newcommand{\BLSCurve}{\mathsf{BLS12\mhyphen{}381}}
\newcommand{\JubjubCurve}{\mathsf{Jubjub}}
\newcommand{\jubjubCurve}{\term{Jubjub curve}}
\newcommand{\Jubjub}{\titleterm{Jubjub}}
\newcommand{\completeTwistedEdwardsEllipticCurve}{\term{complete twisted Edwards elliptic curve}}
\newcommand{\completeTwistedEdwardsEllipticCurves}{\terms{complete twisted Edwards elliptic curve}}
\newcommand{\xCtEdwards}{\term{ctEdwards}}
\newcommand{\ctEdwardsCurve}{\termandindex{ctEdwards curve}{complete twisted Edwards elliptic curve}}
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\newcommand{\AffineCtEdwards}{\titleterm{Affine-ctEdwards}}
\newcommand{\MontgomeryEllipticCurve}{\term{Montgomery elliptic curve}}
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\newcommand{\affineMontgomery}{\termandindex{affine-Montgomery}{Montgomery affine coordinates}}
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\newcommand{\AffineMontgomery}{\titleterm{Affine-Montgomery}}
\newcommand{\uniformRandomString}{\term{Uniform Random String}}
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\newcommand{\networkUpgrade}{\term{network upgrade}}
\newcommand{\anchor}{\term{anchor}}
\newcommand{\anchors}{\terms{anchor}}
\newcommand{\block}{\term{block}}
\newcommand{\blocks}{\terms{block}}
\newcommand{\header}{\term{header}}
\newcommand{\headers}{\terms{header}}
\newcommand{\blockHeader}{\term{block header}}
\newcommand{\blockHeaders}{\terms{block header}}
\newcommand{\Blockheader}{\termx{block header}}
\newcommand{\BlockHeader}{\titleterm{Block Header}}
\newcommand{\blockVersionNumber}{\term{block version number}}
\newcommand{\blockVersionNumbers}{\terms{block version number}}
\newcommand{\Blockversions}{\termandindex{Block versions}{block version number}}
\newcommand{\blockTargetSpacing}{\term{block target spacing}}
\newcommand{\blockTimestamp}{\term{block timestamp}}
\newcommand{\blockHeight}{\term{block height}}
\newcommand{\blockHeights}{\terms{block height}}
\newcommand{\activationHeight}{\term{activation block height}}
\newcommand{\activationHeights}{\terms{activation block height}}
\newcommand{\genesisBlock}{\term{genesis block}}
\newcommand{\transaction}{\term{transaction}}
\newcommand{\transactions}{\terms{transaction}}
\newcommand{\Transaction}{\titleterm{Transaction}}
\newcommand{\Transactions}{\titleterms{Transaction}}
\newcommand{\transactionFee}{\term{transaction fee}}
\newcommand{\transactionFees}{\terms{transaction fee}}
\newcommand{\transactionVersion}{\termandindex{transaction version}{transaction version number}}
\newcommand{\transactionVersionNumber}{\term{transaction version number}}
\newcommand{\transactionVersionNumbers}{\terms{transaction version number}}
\newcommand{\Transactionversion}{\termandindex{Transaction version}{transaction version number}}
\newcommand{\versionGroupID}{\term{version group ID}}
\newcommand{\consensusBranchID}{\term{consensus branch ID}}
\newcommand{\coinbaseTransaction}{\term{coinbase transaction}}
\newcommand{\coinbaseTransactions}{\terms{coinbase transaction}}
\newcommand{\CoinbaseTransactions}{\titleterms{Coinbase Transaction}}
\newcommand{\transparent}{\term{transparent}}
\newcommand{\xTransparent}{\termx{transparent}}
\newcommand{\Transparent}{\titleterm{Transparent}}
\newcommand{\transparentValuePool}{\term{transparent value pool}}
\newcommand{\transparentAddress}{\term{transparent address}}
\newcommand{\transparentAddresses}{\termes{transparent address}}
\newcommand{\xTransparentAddresses}{\termxes{transparent address}}
\newcommand{\TransparentAddresses}{\titletermes{Transparent Address}}
\newcommand{\transparentTransfers}{\terms{transparent transfer}}
\newcommand{\transparentInput}{\term{transparent input}}
\newcommand{\transparentInputs}{\terms{transparent input}}
\newcommand{\xTransparentInputs}{\termxs{transparent input}}
\newcommand{\transparentOutput}{\term{transparent output}}
\newcommand{\transparentOutputs}{\terms{transparent output}}
\newcommand{\xTransparentOutputs}{\termxs{transparent output}}
\newcommand{\saplingValuePool}{\termandindex{\Sapling value pool}{value pool (Sapling)}}
\newcommand{\shielded}{\term{shielded}}
\newcommand{\shieldedNote}{\term{shielded note}}
\newcommand{\shieldedNotes}{\terms{shielded note}}
\newcommand{\xShielded}{\termx{shielded}}
\newcommand{\Shielded}{\titleterm{Shielded}}
\newcommand{\blockchain}{\term{block chain}}
\newcommand{\blockchains}{\terms{block chain}}
\newcommand{\Blockchain}{\titleterm{Block Chain}}
\newcommand{\validBlockchain}{\term{valid block chain}}
\newcommand{\bestValidBlockchain}{\term{best valid block chain}}
\newcommand{\blockchainReorganization}{\term{block chain reorganization}}
\newcommand{\blockchainReorganizations}{\terms{block chain reorganization}}
\newcommand{\blockhainBranch}{\term{block chain branch}}
\newcommand{\blockchainBranches}{\termes{block chain branch}}
\newcommand{\mempool}{\term{mempool}}
\newcommand{\treestate}{\term{treestate}}
\newcommand{\treestates}{\terms{treestate}}
\newcommand{\nullifier}{\term{nullifier}}
\newcommand{\nullifiers}{\terms{nullifier}}
\newcommand{\xNullifier}{\termx{nullifier}}
\newcommand{\xNullifiers}{\termxs{nullifier}}
\newcommand{\Nullifier}{\titleterm{Nullifier}}
\newcommand{\Nullifiers}{\titleterms{Nullifier}}
\newcommand{\nullifierSet}{\term{nullifier set}}
\newcommand{\nullifierSets}{\terms{nullifier set}}
\newcommand{\NullifierSets}{\titleterms{Nullifier Set}}
\newcommand{\paymentAddress}{\term{shielded payment address}}
\newcommand{\paymentAddresses}{\termes{shielded payment address}}
\newcommand{\PaymentAddresses}{\titletermes{Shielded Payment Address}}
\newcommand{\diversifiedPaymentAddress}{\term{diversified payment address}}
\newcommand{\diversifiedPaymentAddresses}{\termes{diversified payment address}}
\newcommand{\defaultDiversifiedPaymentAddress}{\term{default diversified payment address}}
\newcommand{\diversifiedBase}{\term{diversified base}}
\newcommand{\diversifiedBases}{\terms{diversified base}}
\newcommand{\diversifier}{\term{diversifier}}
\newcommand{\diversifiers}{\terms{diversifier}}
\newcommand{\incomingViewingKey}{\term{incoming viewing key}}
\newcommand{\incomingViewingKeys}{\terms{incoming viewing key}}
\newcommand{\IncomingViewingKeys}{\titleterms{Incoming Viewing Key}}
\newcommand{\outgoingViewingKey}{\term{outgoing viewing key}}
\newcommand{\outgoingViewingKeys}{\terms{outgoing viewing key}}
\newcommand{\outgoingCipherKey}{\term{outgoing cipher key}}
\newcommand{\outgoingCipherKeys}{\terms{outgoing cipher key}}
\newcommand{\fullViewingKey}{\term{full viewing key}}
\newcommand{\fullViewingKeys}{\terms{full viewing key}}
\newcommand{\FullViewingKeys}{\titleterms{Full Viewing Key}}
\newcommand{\receivingKey}{\term{receiving key}}
\newcommand{\receivingKeys}{\terms{receiving key}}
\newcommand{\spendingKey}{\term{spending key}}
\newcommand{\spendingKeys}{\terms{spending key}}
\newcommand{\SpendingKeys}{\titleterms{Spending Key}}
\newcommand{\payingKey}{\term{paying key}}
\newcommand{\transmissionKey}{\term{transmission key}}
\newcommand{\transmissionKeys}{\terms{transmission key}}
\newcommand{\diversifiedTransmissionKey}{\term{diversified transmission key}}
\newcommand{\diversifiedTransmissionKeys}{\terms{diversified transmission key}}
\newcommand{\diversifiedTransmissionBase}{\term{diversified transmission base}}
\newcommand{\diversifiedTransmissionBases}{\terms{diversified transmission base}}
\newcommand{\authSigningKey}{\term{spend authorizing key}}
\newcommand{\authSigningKeys}{\terms{spend authorizing key}}
\newcommand{\authRandomizedVerifyingKey}{\term{randomized spend verifying key}}
\newcommand{\authRandomizedVerifyingKeys}{\terms{randomized spend verifying key}}
\newcommand{\authProvingKey}{\term{proof authorizing key}}
\newcommand{\authProvingKeys}{\terms{proof authorizing key}}
\newcommand{\nullifierKey}{\term{nullifier deriving key}}
\newcommand{\nullifierKeys}{\terms{nullifier deriving key}}
\newcommand{\humanReadablePart}{\term{Human-Readable Part}}
\newcommand{\notePlaintext}{\term{note plaintext}}
\newcommand{\notePlaintexts}{\terms{note plaintext}}
\newcommand{\NotePlaintexts}{\titleterms{Note Plaintext}}
\newcommand{\noteCiphertext}{\termandindex{transmitted note ciphertext}{transmitted note(s) ciphertext}}
\newcommand{\noteCiphertexts}{\termandindex{transmitted note ciphertexts}{transmitted note(s) ciphertext}}
\newcommand{\notesCiphertext}{\termandindex{transmitted notes ciphertext}{transmitted note(s) ciphertext}}
\newcommand{\noteOrNotesCiphertext}{\term{transmitted note(s) ciphertext}}
\newcommand{\outputCiphertext}{\term{output ciphertext}}
\newcommand{\outputCiphertexts}{\terms{output ciphertext}}
\newcommand{\incrementalMerkleTree}{\term{incremental Merkle tree}}
\newcommand{\MerkleTree}{\titleterm{Merkle Tree}}
\newcommand{\merkleRoot}{\termandindex{root}{root (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merkleNode}{\termandindex{node}{node (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merkleNodes}{\termandindex{nodes}{node (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merkleHash}{\termandindex{hash value}{hash value (of a Merkle tree node)}}
\newcommand{\merkleHashes}{\termandindex{hash values}{hash value (of a Merkle tree node)}}
\newcommand{\merkleLeafNode}{\termandindex{leaf node}{leaf node (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merkleLeafNodes}{\termandindex{leaf nodes}{leaf node (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merkleInternalNode}{\termandindex{internal node}{internal node (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merkleInternalNodes}{\termandindex{internal nodes}{internal node (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\MerkleInternalNodes}{\termandindex{Internal nodes}{internal node (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merklePath}{\term{Merkle path}}
\newcommand{\merkleLayer}{\termandindex{layer}{layer (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merkleLayers}{\termandindex{layers}{layer (of a Merkle tree)}}
\newcommand{\merkleIndex}{\termandindex{index}{index (of a Merkle tree node)}}
\newcommand{\merkleIndices}{\termandindex{indices}{index (of a Merkle tree node)}}
\newcommand{\zkSNARK}{\term{zk-SNARK}}