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Reform.pm
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Reform.pm
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package Reform; # modified by JS: remove Text:: package
# See the bottom of this file for copyright and owner information.
# Modified by Jeremy Stribling to work with SCIgen, 2/2005.
use strict; use vars qw($VERSION @ISA @EXPORT @EXPORT_OK); use Carp;
use 5.005;
$VERSION = '1.11';
require Exporter;
@ISA = qw(Exporter);
@EXPORT = qw( form );
@EXPORT_OK = qw( tag break_with break_at break_wrap break_TeX debug );
my @bspecials = qw( [ | ] );
my @lspecials = qw( < ^ > );
my $ljustified = '[<]{2,}[>]{2,}';
my $bjustified = '[[]{2,}[]]{2,}';
my $bsingle = '~+';
my @specials = (@bspecials, @lspecials);
my $fixed_fieldpat = join('|', ($ljustified, $bjustified,
$bsingle,
map { "\\$_\{2,}" } @specials));
my ($lfieldmark, $bfieldmark, $fieldmark, $fieldpat, $decimal);
my $emptyref = '';
sub import
{
use POSIX qw( localeconv );
$decimal = localeconv()->{decimal_point} || '.';
my $lnumerical = '[>]+(?:'.quotemeta($decimal).'[<]{1,})';
my $bnumerical = '[]]+(?:'.quotemeta($decimal).'[[]{1,})';
$fieldpat = join('|', ($lnumerical, $bnumerical,$fixed_fieldpat));
$lfieldmark = join '|', ($lnumerical, $ljustified, map { "\\$_\{2}" } @lspecials);
$bfieldmark = join '|', ($bnumerical, $bjustified, $bsingle, map { "\\$_\{2}" } @bspecials);
$fieldmark = join '|', ($lnumerical, $bnumerical,
$bsingle,
$ljustified, $bjustified,
$lfieldmark, $bfieldmark);
Reform->export_to_level(1, @_);
}
sub carpfirst {
our %carped;
my ($msg) = @_;
return if $carped{$msg}++;
carp $msg;
}
###### USEFUL TOOLS ######################################
#===== form =============================================#
sub BAD_CONFIG { 'Configuration hash not allowed between format and data' }
sub break_with
{
my $hyphen = $_[0];
my $hylen = length($hyphen);
my @ret;
sub
{
if ($_[2]<=$hylen)
{
@ret = (substr($_[0],0,1), substr($_[0],1))
}
else
{
@ret = (substr($_[0],0,$_[1]-$hylen),
substr($_[0],$_[1]-$hylen))
}
if ($ret[0] =~ /\A\s*\Z/) { return ("",$_[0]); }
else { return ($ret[0].$hyphen,$ret[1]); }
}
}
sub break_at {
my $hyphen = $_[0];
my $hylen = length($hyphen);
my @ret;
sub
{
my $max = $_[2]-$hylen;
if ($max <= 0) {
@ret = (substr($_[0],0,1), substr($_[0],1))
}
elsif ($_[0] =~ /(.{1,$max}$hyphen)(.*)/s) {
@ret = ($1,$2);
}
elsif (length($_[0])>$_[2]) {
@ret = (substr($_[0],0,$_[1]-$hylen).$hyphen,
substr($_[0],$_[1]-$hylen))
}
else {
@ret = ("",$_[0]);
}
if ($ret[0] =~ /\A\s*\Z/) { return ("",$_[0]); }
else { return @ret; }
}
}
sub break_wrap
{
return \&break_wrap unless @_;
my ($text, $reqlen, $fldlen) = @_;
if ($reqlen==$fldlen) { $text =~ m/\A(\s*\S*)(.*)/s }
else { ("", $text) }
}
my %hyp;
sub break_TeX
{
my $file = $_[0] || "";
croak "Can't find TeX::Hypen module"
unless require "TeX/Hyphen.pm";
$hyp{$file} = TeX::Hyphen->new($file||undef)
|| croak "Can't open hyphenation file $file"
unless $hyp{$file};
return sub {
for (reverse $hyp{$file}->hyphenate($_[0])) {
if ($_ < $_[1]) {
return (substr($_[0],0,$_).'-',
substr($_[0],$_) );
}
}
return ("",$_[0]);
}
}
my $debug = 0;
sub _debug { print STDERR @_, "\n" if $debug }
sub debug { $debug = 1; }
sub notempty
{
my $ne = ${$_[0]} =~ /\S/;
_debug("\tnotempty('${$_[0]}') = $ne\n");
return $ne;
}
sub replace($$$$) # ($fmt, $len, $argref, $config)
{
my $ref = $_[2];
my $text = '';
my $rem = $_[1];
my $config = $_[3];
my $filled = 0;
if ($config->{fill}) { $$ref =~ s/\A\s*// }
else { $$ref =~ s/\A[ \t]*// }
my $fmtnum = length $_[0];
if ($$ref =~ /\S/ && $fmtnum>2)
{
NUMERICAL:{
use POSIX qw( strtod );
my ($ilen,$dlen) = map {length} $_[0] =~ m/([]>]+)\Q$decimal\E([[<]+)/;
my ($num,$unconsumed) = strtod($$ref);
if ($unconsumed == length $$ref)
{
$$ref =~ s/\s*\S*//;
redo NUMERICAL if $config->{numeric} =~ m/\bSkipNaN\b/i
&& $$ref =~ m/\S/;
$text = '?' x $ilen . $decimal . '?' x $dlen;
$rem = 0;
return $text;
}
my $formatted = sprintf "%$fmtnum.${dlen}f", $num;
$text = (length $formatted > $fmtnum)
? '#' x $ilen . $decimal . '#' x $dlen
: $formatted;
$text =~ s/(\Q$decimal\E\d+?)(0+)$/$1 . " " x length $2/e
unless $config->{numeric} =~ m/\bAllPlaces\b/i
|| $num =~ /\Q$decimal\E\d\d{$dlen,}$/;
if ($unconsumed)
{
if ($unconsumed == length $$ref)
{ $$ref =~ s/\A.[^0-9.+-]*// }
else
{ substr($$ref,0,-$unconsumed) = ""}
}
else { $$ref = "" }
$rem = 0;
}
}
else
{
while ($$ref =~ /\S/)
{
if (!$config->{fill} && $$ref=~s/\A[ \t]*\n//)
{ $filled = 2; last }
last unless $$ref =~ /\A(\s*)(\S+)(.*)\z/s;
my ($ws, $word, $extra) = ($1,$2,$3);
my $nonnl = $ws =~ /[^\n]/;
$ws =~ s/\n/$nonnl? "" : " "/ge if $config->{fill};
my $lead = ($config->{squeeze} ? ($ws ? " " : "") : $ws);
my $match = $lead . $word;
_debug "Extracted [$match]";
last if $text && $match =~ /\n/;
my $len1 = length($match);
if ($len1 <= $rem)
{
_debug "Accepted [$match]";
$text .= $match;
$rem -= $len1;
$$ref = $extra;
}
else
{
_debug "Need to break [$match]";
# was: if ($len1 > $_[1] and $rem-length($lead)>$config->{minbreak})
if ($rem-length($lead)>$config->{minbreak})
{
_debug "Trying to break '$match'";
my ($broken,$left) =
$config->{break}->($match,$rem,$_[1]);
$text .= $broken;
_debug "Broke as: [$broken][$left]";
$$ref = $left.$extra;
$rem -= length $broken;
}
last;
}
}
continue { $filled=1 }
}
if (!$filled && $rem>0 && $$ref=~/\S/ && length $text == 0)
{
$$ref =~ s/^\s*(.{1,$rem})//;
$text = $1;
$rem -= length $text;
}
if ( $text=~/ / && $_[0] eq 'J' && $$ref=~/\S/ && $filled!=2 ) {
# FULLY JUSTIFIED
$text = reverse $text;
$text =~ s/( +)/($rem-->0?" ":"").$1/ge while $rem>0;
$text = reverse $text;
}
elsif ( $_[0] =~ /\>|\]/ ) { # RIGHT JUSTIFIED
substr($text,0,0) =
substr($config->{filler}{left} x $rem, -$rem)
if $rem > 0;
}
elsif ( $_[0] =~ /\^|\|/ ) { # CENTRE JUSTIFIED
if ($rem>0) {
my $halfrem = int($rem/2);
substr($text,0,0) =
substr($config->{filler}{left}x$halfrem, -$halfrem);
$halfrem = $rem-$halfrem;
$text .= substr($config->{filler}{right}x$halfrem, 0, $halfrem);
}
}
else { # LEFT JUSTIFIED
$text .= substr($config->{filler}{right}x$rem, 0, $rem)
if $rem > 0;
}
return $text;
}
my %std_config =
(
header => sub{""},
footer => sub{""},
pagefeed => sub{""},
pagelen => 0,
pagenum => undef,
pagewidth => 72,
break => break_with('-'),
minbreak => 2,
squeeze => 0,
filler => {left=>' ', right=>' '},
interleave => 0,
numeric => "",
_used => 1,
);
sub lcr {
my ($data, $pagewidth, $header) = @_;
$data->{width} ||= $pagewidth;
$data->{left} ||= "";
$data->{centre} ||= $data->{center}||"";
$data->{right} ||= "";
return sub {
my @l = split "\n", (ref $data->{left} eq 'CODE'
? $data->{left}->(@_) : $data->{left}), -1;
my @c = split "\n", (ref $data->{centre} eq 'CODE'
? $data->{centre}->(@_) : $data->{centre}), -1;
my @r = split "\n", (ref $data->{right} eq 'CODE'
? $data->{right}->(@_) : $data->{right}), -1;
my $text = "";
while (@l||@c||@r) {
my $l = @l ? shift(@l) : "";
my $c = @c ? shift(@c) : "";
my $r = @r ? shift(@r) : "";
my $gap = int(($data->{width}-length($c))/2-length($l));
if ($gap < 0) {
$gap = 0;
carpfirst "\nWarning: $header is wider than specified page width ($data->{width} chars)" if $^W;
}
$text .= $l . " " x $gap
. $c . " " x ($data->{width}-length($l)-length($c)-$gap-length($r))
. $r
. "\n";
}
return $text;
}
}
sub fix_config(\%)
{
my ($config) = @_;
if (ref $config->{header} eq 'HASH') {
$config->{header} =
lcr $config->{header}, $config->{pagewidth}, 'header';
}
elsif (ref $config->{header} eq 'CODE') {
my $tmp = $config->{header};
$config->{header} = sub {
my $header = &$tmp;
return (ref $header eq 'HASH')
? lcr($header,$config->{pagewidth},'header')->()
: $header;
}
}
else {
my $tmp = $config->{header};
$config->{header} = sub { $tmp }
}
if (ref $config->{footer} eq 'HASH') {
$config->{footer} =
lcr $config->{footer}, $config->{pagewidth}, 'footer';
}
elsif (ref $config->{footer} eq 'CODE') {
my $tmp = $config->{footer};
$config->{footer} = sub {
my $footer = &$tmp;
return (ref $footer eq 'HASH')
? lcr($footer,$config->{pagewidth},'footer')->()
: $footer;
}
}
else {
my $tmp = $config->{footer};
$config->{footer} = sub { $tmp }
}
unless (ref $config->{pagefeed} eq 'CODE')
{ my $tmp = $config->{pagefeed}; $config->{pagefeed} = sub { $tmp } }
unless (ref $config->{break} eq 'CODE')
{ $config->{break} = break_at($config->{break}) }
if (defined $config->{pagenum} && ref $config->{pagenum} ne 'SCALAR')
{ my $tmp = $config->{pagenum}+0; $config->{pagenum} = \$tmp }
unless (ref $config->{filler} eq 'HASH') {
$config->{filler} = { left => "$config->{filler}",
right => "$config->{filler}" }
}
}
sub FormOpt::DESTROY
{
print STDERR "\nWarning: lexical &form configuration at $std_config{_line} was never used.\n"
if $^W && !$std_config{_used};
%std_config = %{$std_config{_prev}};
}
sub form
{
our %carped;
local %carped;
my $config = {%std_config};
my $startidx = 0;
if (@_ && ref($_[0]) eq 'HASH') # RESETTING CONFIG
{
if (@_ > 1) # TEMPORARY RESET
{
$config = {%$config, %{$_[$startidx++]}};
fix_config(%$config);
$startidx = 1;
}
elsif (defined wantarray) # CONTEXT BEING CAPTURED
{
$_[0]->{_prev} = { %std_config };
$_[0]->{_used} = 0;
$_[0]->{_line} = join " line ", (caller)[1..2];;
%{$_[0]} = %std_config = (%std_config, %{$_[0]});
fix_config(%std_config);
return bless $_[0], 'FormOpt';
}
else # PERMANENT RESET
{
$_[0]->{_used} = 1;
$_[0]->{_line} = join " line ", (caller)[1..2];;
%std_config = (%std_config, %{$_[0]});
fix_config(%std_config);
return;
}
}
$config->{pagenum} = do{\(my $tmp=1)}
unless defined $config->{pagenum};
$std_config{_used}++;
my @ref = map { ref } @_;
my @orig = @_;
my $caller = caller;
no strict;
for (my $nextarg=0; $nextarg<@_; $nextarg++)
{
my $next = $_[$nextarg];
if (!defined $next) {
my $tmp = "";
splice @_, $nextarg, 1, \$tmp;
}
elsif ($ref[$nextarg] eq 'ARRAY') {
splice @_, $nextarg, 1, \join("\n", @$next)
}
elsif ($ref[$nextarg] eq 'HASH' && $next->{cols} ) {
croak "Missing 'from' data for 'cols' option"
unless $next->{from};
croak "Can't mix other options with 'cols' option"
if keys %$next > 2;
my ($cols, $data) = @{$next}{'cols','from'};
croak "Invalid 'cols' option.\nExpected reference to array of column specifiers but found " . (ref($cols)||"'$cols'")
unless ref $cols eq 'ARRAY';
croak "Invalid 'from' data for 'cols' option.\nExpected reference to array of hashes or arrays but found " . (ref($data)||"'$data'")
unless ref $data eq 'ARRAY';
splice @_, $nextarg, 2, columns(@$cols,@$data);
splice @ref, $nextarg, 2, ('ARRAY')x@$cols;
$nextarg--;
}
elsif (!defined eval { local $SIG{__DIE__};
$_[$nextarg] = $next;
_debug "writeable: [$_[$nextarg]]";
1})
{
_debug "unwriteable: [$_[$nextarg]]";
my $arg = $_[$nextarg];
splice @_, $nextarg, 1, \$arg;
}
elsif (!$ref[$nextarg]) {
splice @_, $nextarg, 1, \$_[$nextarg];
}
elsif ($ref[$nextarg] ne 'HASH' and $ref[$nextarg] ne 'SCALAR')
{
splice @_, $nextarg, 1, \"$next";
}
}
my $header = $config->{header}->(${$config->{pagenum}});
$header.="\n" if $header && substr($header,-1,1) ne "\n";
my $footer = $config->{footer}->(${$config->{pagenum}});
$footer.="\n" if $footer && substr($footer,-1,1) ne "\n";
my $prevfooter = $footer;
my $linecount = $header=~tr/\n/\n/ + $footer=~tr/\n/\n/;
my $hfcount = $linecount;
my $text = $header;
my @format_stack;
LINE: while ($startidx < @_ || @format_stack)
{
if (($ref[$startidx]||'') eq 'HASH')
{
$config = {%$config, %{$_[$startidx++]}};
fix_config(%$config);
next;
}
unless (@format_stack) {
@format_stack = $config->{interleave}
? map "$_\n", split /\n/, ${$_[$startidx++]}||""
: ${$_[$startidx++]}||"";
}
my $format = shift @format_stack;
_debug("format: [$format]");
my @parts = split /(\n|(?:\\.)+|$fieldpat)/, $format;
push @parts, "\n" unless @parts && $parts[-1] eq "\n";
my $fieldcount = 0;
my $filled = 0;
my $firstline = 1;
while (!$filled)
{
my $nextarg = $startidx;
my @data;
foreach my $part ( @parts )
{
if ($part =~ /\A(?:\\.)+/)
{
_debug("esc literal: [$part]");
my $tmp = $part;
$tmp =~ s/\\(.)/$1/g;
$text .= $tmp;
}
elsif ($part =~ /($lfieldmark)/)
{
if ($firstline)
{
$fieldcount++;
if ($nextarg > $#_)
{ push @_,\$emptyref; push @ref, '' }
my $type = $1;
$type = 'J' if $part =~ /$ljustified/;
croak BAD_CONFIG if ($ref[$startidx] eq 'HASH');
_debug("once field: [$part]");
_debug("data was: [${$_[$nextarg]}]");
$text .= replace($type,length($part),$_[$nextarg],$config);
_debug("data now: [${$_[$nextarg]}]");
}
else
{
$text .= substr($config->{filler}{left} x length($part), -length($part));
_debug("missing once field: [$part]");
}
$nextarg++;
}
elsif ($part =~ /($fieldmark)/ and substr($part,0,2) ne '~~')
{
$fieldcount++ if $firstline;
if ($nextarg > $#_)
{ push @_,\$emptyref; push @ref, '' }
my $type = $1;
$type = 'J' if $part =~ /$bjustified/;
croak BAD_CONFIG if ($ref[$startidx] eq 'HASH');
_debug("multi field: [$part]");
_debug("data was: [${$_[$nextarg]}]");
$text .= replace($type,length($part),$_[$nextarg],$config);
_debug("data now: [${$_[$nextarg]}]");
push @data, $_[$nextarg];
$nextarg++;
}
else
{
_debug("literal: [$part]");
my $tmp = $part;
$tmp =~ s/\0(\0*)/$1/g;
$text .= $tmp;
if ($part eq "\n")
{
$linecount++;
if ($config->{pagelen} && $linecount>=$config->{pagelen})
{
_debug("\tejecting page: $config->{pagenum}");
carpfirst "\nWarning: could not format page ${$config->{pagenum}} within specified page length"
if $^W && $config->{pagelen} && $linecount > $config->{pagelen};
${$config->{pagenum}}++;
my $pagefeed = $config->{pagefeed}->(${$config->{pagenum}});
$header = $config->{header}->(${$config->{pagenum}});
$header.="\n" if $header && substr($header,-1,1) ne "\n";
$text .= $footer
. $pagefeed
. $header;
$prevfooter = $footer;
$footer = $config->{footer}->(${$config->{pagenum}});
$footer.="\n" if $footer && substr($footer,-1,1) ne "\n";
$linecount = $hfcount =
$header=~tr/\n/\n/ + $footer=~tr/\n/\n/;
$header = $pagefeed
. $header;
}
}
}
_debug("\tnextarg now: $nextarg");
_debug("\tstartidx now: $startidx");
}
$firstline = 0;
$filled = ! grep { notempty $_ } @data;
}
$startidx += $fieldcount;
}
# ADJUST FINAL PAGE HEADER OR FOOTER AS REQUIRED
if ($hfcount && $linecount == $hfcount) # UNNEEDED HEADER
{
$text =~ s/\Q$header\E\Z//;
}
elsif ($linecount && $config->{pagelen}) # MISSING FOOTER
{
$text .= "\n" x ($config->{pagelen}-$linecount)
. $footer;
$prevfooter = $footer;
}
# REPLACE LAST FOOTER
if ($prevfooter) {
my $lastfooter = $config->{footer}->(${$config->{pagenum}},1);
$lastfooter.="\n"
if $lastfooter && substr($lastfooter,-1,1) ne "\n";
my $footerdiff = ($lastfooter =~ tr/\n/\n/)
- ($prevfooter =~ tr/\n/\n/);
# Enough space to squeeze longer final footer in?
my $tail = '^[^\S\n]*\n' x $footerdiff;
if ($footerdiff > 0 && $text =~ /($tail\Q$prevfooter\E)\Z/m) {
$prevfooter = $1;
$footerdiff = 0;
}
# Apparently, not, so create an extra (empty) page for it
if ($footerdiff > 0) {
${$config->{pagenum}}++;
my $lastheader = $config->{header}->(${$config->{pagenum}});
$lastheader.="\n"
if $lastheader && substr($lastheader,-1,1) ne "\n";
$lastfooter = $config->{footer}->(${$config->{pagenum}},1);
$lastfooter.="\n"
if $lastfooter && substr($lastfooter,-1,1) ne "\n";
$text .= $lastheader
. ("\n" x ( $config->{pagelen}
- ($lastheader =~ tr/\n/\n/)
- ($lastfooter =~ tr/\n/\n/)
)
)
. $lastfooter;
}
else {
$lastfooter = ("\n"x-$footerdiff).$lastfooter;
substr($text, -length($prevfooter)) = $lastfooter;
}
}
# RESTORE ARG LIST
for my $i (0..$#orig)
{
if ($ref[$i] eq 'ARRAY')
{ eval { @{$orig[$i]} = map "$_\n", split /\n/, ${$_[$i]} } }
elsif (!$ref[$i])
{ eval { _debug("restoring $i (".$_[$i].") to " .
defined($orig[$i]) ? $orig[$i] : "<undef>");
${$_[$i]} = $orig[$i] } }
}
${$config->{pagenum}}++;
$text =~ s/[ ]+$//gm if $config->{trim};
return $text unless wantarray;
return map "$_\n", split /\n/, $text;
}
#==== columns ========================================#
sub columns {
my @cols;
my (@fullres, @res);
while (@_) {
my $arg = shift @_;
my $type = ref $arg;
if ($type eq 'HASH') {
push @{$res[$_]}, $arg->{$cols[$_]} for 0..$#cols;
}
elsif ($type eq 'ARRAY') {
push @{$res[$_]}, $arg->[$cols[$_]] for 0..$#cols;
}
else {
if (@res) {
push @fullres, @res;
@res = @cols = ();
}
push @cols, $arg;
}
}
return @fullres, @res;
}
#==== tag ============================================#
sub invert($)
{
my $inversion = reverse $_[0];
$inversion =~ tr/{[<(/}]>)/;
return $inversion;
}
sub tag # ($tag, $text; $opt_endtag)
{
my ($tagleader,$tagindent,$ldelim,$tag,$tagargs,$tagtrailer) =
( $_[0] =~ /\A((?:[ \t]*\n)*)([ \t]*)(\W*)(\w+)(.*?)(\s*)\Z/ );
$ldelim = '<' unless $ldelim;
$tagtrailer =~ s/([ \t]*)\Z//;
my $textindent = $1||"";
my $rdelim = invert $ldelim;
my $i;
for ($i = -1; -1-$i < length $rdelim && -1-$i < length $tagargs; $i--)
{
last unless substr($tagargs,$i,1) eq substr($rdelim,$i,1);
}
if ($i < -1)
{
$i++;
$tagargs = substr($tagargs,0,$i);
$rdelim = substr($rdelim,$i);
}
my $endtag = $_[2] || "$ldelim/$tag$rdelim";
return "$tagleader$tagindent$ldelim$tag$tagargs$rdelim$tagtrailer".
join("\n",map { "$tagindent$textindent$_" } split /\n/, $_[1]).
"$tagtrailer$tagindent$endtag$tagleader";
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
Text::Reform - Manual text wrapping and reformatting
=head1 VERSION
This document describes version 1.11 of Text::Reform,
released May 7, 2003.
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Text::Reform;
print form $template,
$data, $to, $fill, $it, $with;
use Text::Reform qw( tag );
print tag 'B', $enboldened_text;
=head1 DESCRIPTION
=head2 The C<form> sub
The C<form()> subroutine may be exported from the module.
It takes a series of format (or "picture") strings followed by
replacement values, interpolates those values into each picture string,
and returns the result. The effect is similar to the inbuilt perl
C<format> mechanism, although the field specification syntax is
simpler and some of the formatting behaviour is more sophisticated.
A picture string consists of sequences of the following characters:
=over 8
=item <
Left-justified field indicator.
A series of two or more sequential <'s specify
a left-justified field to be filled by a subsequent value.
A single < is formatted as the literal character '<'
=item >
Right-justified field indicator.
A series of two or more sequential >'s specify
a right-justified field to be filled by a subsequent value.
A single < is formatted as the literal character '<'
=item <<<>>>
Fully-justified field indicator.
Field may be of any width, and brackets need not balance, but there
must be at least 2 '<' and 2 '>'.
=item ^
Centre-justified field indicator.
A series of two or more sequential ^'s specify
a centred field to be filled by a subsequent value.
A single ^ is formatted as the literal character '<'
=item >>>.<<<<
A numerically formatted field with the specified number of digits to
either side of the decimal place. See L<Numerical formatting> below.
=item [
Left-justified block field indicator.
Just like a < field, except it repeats as required on subsequent lines. See
below.
A single [ is formatted as the literal character '['
=item ]
Right-justified block field indicator.
Just like a > field, except it repeats as required on subsequent lines. See
below.
A single ] is formatted as the literal character ']'
=item [[[]]]
Fully-justified block field indicator.
Just like a <<<>>> field, except it repeats as required on subsequent lines. See
below.
Field may be of any width, and brackets need not balance, but there
must be at least 2 '[' and 2 ']'.
=item |
Centre-justified block field indicator.
Just like a ^ field, except it repeats as required on subsequent lines. See
below.
A single | is formatted as the literal character '|'
=item ]]].[[[[
A numerically formatted block field with the specified number of digits to
either side of the decimal place.
Just like a >>>.<<<< field, except it repeats as required on
subsequent lines. See below.
=item ~
A one-character wide block field.
=item \
Literal escape of next character (e.g. C<\~> is formatted as '~', not a one
character wide block field).
=item Any other character
That literal character.
=back
Any substitution value which is C<undef> (either explicitly so, or because it
is missing) is replaced by an empty string.
=head2 Controlling line filling.
Note that, unlike the a perl C<format>, C<form> preserves whitespace
(including newlines) unless called with certain options.
The "squeeze" option (when specified with a true value) causes any sequence
of spaces and/or tabs (but not newlines) in an interpolated string to be
replaced with a single space.
A true value for the "fill" option causes (only) newlines to be squeezed.
To minimize all whitespace, you need to specify both options. Hence:
$format = "EG> [[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[";
$data = "h e\t l lo\nworld\t\t\t\t\t";
print form $format, $data; # all whitespace preserved:
#
# EG> h e l lo
# EG> world
print form {squeeze=>1}, # only newlines preserved:
$format, $data; #
# EG> h e l lo
# EG> world
print form {fill=>1}, # only spaces/tabs preserved:
$format, $data; #
# EG> h e l lo world
print form {squeeze=>1, fill=>1}, # no whitespace preserved:
$format, $data; #
# EG> h e l lo world
Whether or not filling or squeezing is in effect, C<form> can also be
directed to trim any extra whitespace from the end of each line it
formats, using the "trim" option. If this option is specified with a
true value, every line returned by C<form> will automatically have the
substitution C<s/[ \t]+$//gm> applied to it.
Hence:
print length form "[[[[[[[[[[", "short";
# 11
print length form {trim=>1}, "[[[[[[[[[[", "short";
# 6
It is also possible to control the character used to fill lines that are
too short, using the 'filler' option. If this option is specified the
value of the 'filler' flag is used as the fill string, rather than the
default C<" ">.
For example:
print form { filler=>'*' },
"Pay bearer: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^",
'$123.45';
prints:
Pay bearer: ******$123.45******
If the filler string is longer than one character, it is truncated
to the appropriate length. So:
print form { filler=>'-->' },
"Pay bearer: ]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]]",
['$1234.50', '$123.45', '$12.34'];
prints:
Pay bearer: ->-->-->-->$1234.50
Pay bearer: -->-->-->-->$123.45
Pay bearer: >-->-->-->-->$12.34
If the value of the 'filler' option is a hash, then it's 'left' and
'right' entries specify separate filler strings for each side of
an interpolated value. So:
print form { filler=>{left=>'->', right=>'*'} },
"Pay bearer: <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<",
'$123.45',
"Pay bearer: >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>",
'$123.45',
"Pay bearer: ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^",
'$123.45';
prints:
Pay bearer: $123.45***********
Pay bearer: >->->->->->$123.45
Pay bearer: >->->$123.45******
=head2 Temporary and permanent default options
If C<form> is called with options, but no template string or data, it resets
it's defaults to the options specified. If called in a void context:
form { squeeze => 1, trim => 1 };
the options become permanent defaults.
However, when called with only options in non-void context, C<form>
resets its defaults to those options and returns an object. The reset
default values persist only until that returned object is destroyed.
Hence to temporarily reset C<form>'s defaults within a single subroutine:
sub single {
my $tmp = form { squeeze => 1, trim => 1 };
# do formatting with the obove defaults
} # form's defaults revert to previous values as $tmp object destroyed
=head2 Multi-line format specifiers and interleaving
By default, if a format specifier contains two or more lines
(i.e. one or more newline characters), the entire format specifier
is repeatedly filled as a unit, until all block fields have consumed
their corresponding arguments. For example, to build a simple
look-up table:
my @values = (1..12);
my @squares = map { sprintf "%.6g", $_**2 } @values;
my @roots = map { sprintf "%.6g", sqrt($_) } @values;
my @logs = map { sprintf "%.6g", log($_) } @values;
my @inverses = map { sprintf "%.6g", 1/$_ } @values;
print form
" N N**2 sqrt(N) log(N) 1/N",
"=====================================================",
"| [[ | [[[ | [[[[[[[[[[ | [[[[[[[[[ | [[[[[[[[[ |
-----------------------------------------------------",
\@values, \@squares, \@roots, \@logs, \@inverses;
The multiline format specifier:
"| [[ | [[[ | [[[[[[[[[[ | [[[[[[[[[ | [[[[[[[[[ |