⚠️ Attention: in macOS High Sierra (10.13.x) Apple used a new format to store the recently used files (.sfl2). This workflow does no longer work on High Sierre and up. I didn't found a solution to this, if you have please contribute in the issue. As a workaround, checkout the native Alfred recent file navigation.
This workflow for Alfred 3 allows you to search through the recently used files by macOS Apps which use the Recent Items set in the System Preferences.
By providing a Keyword (the App name i.e.) it will show you the recently used files by this App inside Alfred to open them directly or show them in the Finder (cmd modifer).
Additionally the recently used files can be filtered using text input.
After you install the Workflow it is set to work with TextEdit, MindNode, OmniGraffle and iA Writer. After installing the Workflow you can configure other Apps. Explanation are inside the Workflow.
Just download the Workflow here and open it.
It only works only on macOS 10.11 El Capitan and 10.12. It requires Alfred 3. Also not all Apps use this mechanism provided by macOS. For example Adobe and Microsoft Office Apps use their own implementation for recently used files. To get recently used files by Office you can use my other Alfred Workflow.
I created this workflow because some macOS Apps like MindNode show directly a new file after opening which needs to be saved or discaraded before closing the App. To circument this I created this workflow to give easy access to recently used files for further editing.