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286.txt
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* ロケール実装の構成要素
[53]
[FIG(short list)[
- [[言語]]
- [[IME]]
- [[フォント]]
- [[書字方向]]
- [[文字コード]]
- [[照合順序]]
- [[翻訳テキスト]]
- [[数値形式]]
- [[単位系]]
- [[貨幣]]
- [[価格形式]]
- [[暦法]]
- [[紀年法]]
- [[時刻系]]
- [[時間帯]]
- [[日時形式]]
- [[暦注]]
- その他言語依存処理の情報
]FIG]
* IETF における定義
[FIG[
[4]
> Locale is the user-specific location and cultural information managed by a computer.
[FIGCAPTION[
[CITE@en[RFC 3536 - Terminology Used in Internationalization in the IETF]]
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3536#section-7>
]FIGCAPTION]
]FIG]
* LDML における定義
[FIG[
[7]
>In this model, a locale is an identifier (id) that refers to a set of user preferences that tend to be shared across significant swaths of the world. Traditionally, the data associated with this id provides support for formatting and parsing of dates, times, numbers, and currencies; for measurement units, for sort-order (collation), plus translated names for time zones, languages, countries, and scripts. The data can also include support for text boundaries (character, word, line, and sentence), text transformations (including transliterations), and other services.
[FIGCAPTION[
[CITE@en-us[UTS #35: Unicode Locale Data Markup Language]] ([TIME[2011-07-19 03:14:51 +09:00]] 版) <http://unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Locale>
]FIGCAPTION]
]FIG]
[8] この定義による「[[ロケール]]」は文字列です。
* ロケールの仕様
- [5] [[ISO/IEC 15897]] ([[IDT]] [[CEN ENV 12005]])
- [13] [[OpenI18N Locale Naming Guideline]]
- [6] [[UTS #35]] [[LDML]]
* ロケールの分類
- [9] [[言語ロケール]]
- [10] [[領土ロケール]]
* ロケールの継承
[11] [[ロケール]]間には[[継承]]関係が定義されていることもあります。
[REFS[
- [12] [CITE@en-us[UTS #35: Unicode Locale Data Markup Language]] ([TIME[2011-07-19 03:14:51 +09:00]] 版) <http://unicode.org/reports/tr35/#Locale_Inheritance>
]REFS]
* データ
[49] [[ロケール]]に関わる次のデータは、[[年]]または[[月]]レベルで随時更新されていきますから、
それに依存するソフトウェアは、何らかの[[自動更新]]の仕組みを保持するべきです。
[FIG(list)[
- [[文字]]の情報 - 数ヶ月程度で改訂されます。
-- [[Unicode Character Database]] の情報
-- プロトコル依存の情報 (例えば [[IDNA]])
-- [[フォント]]
-- [[照合順序]]の情報
- [[時間帯]]の情報
-- [[標準時]]の改正や[[夏時刻]]の実施がいつあるかわかりません。
-- [[夏時間]]の開始や終了が実施の数日前に発表されることがあります。
- [[言語タグ]]の正規化や妥当性検証の情報 - 何ヶ月かの頻度で新規追加があります。
- [[暦]]の情報
-- [[暦]]によっては、翌年の[[月]]配置などが前年末に決定されたりします。
-- [[改暦]]、[[紀年法]]の変更、[[改元]]が突然実施されることがあります。
- [[祝祭日]]の情報
-- [[暦]]によって決まる[[祝祭日]]は、直前まで[[日]]が定まらないことがあります。
-- 臨時の[[休日]]などが実施の数日前に発表されることがあります。
]FIG]
;; [50] [[改元]]は翌日施行されたりします。
;; [54] [[将来の日時]]も参照。
[52] 次の情報は、それほど頻繁には更新されないかもしれません。
[FIG(list)[
- [[言語]]ごとの[[利用者インターフェイス]]上の文字列や音声の情報
- [[綴り検査]]や[[文法検査]]の[[辞書]]
- [[入力システム]]の[[辞書]]
- [[自動翻訳]]のための情報
- [[言語判定]]の情報
- [[OCR]] のための情報
- [[音声合成]]のための情報
]FIG]
* 関連
- [[言語符号]]
* メモ
[1]
<http://macchiato.com/slides/unicode_at_google.pdf>
[2] [CITE[Manpage of LOCALE]] ([TIME[2009-03-14 16:26:46 +09:00]] 版) <http://www.linux.or.jp/JM/html/LDP_man-pages/man5/locale.5.html>
[3] [CITE@en[GNU libc (glibc) locale patch page]] ([TIME[2004-07-18 17:07:47 +09:00]] 版) <http://www.hungry.com/~pere/linux/glibc/>
[14] [CITE@en[RFC 6365 - Terminology Used in Internationalization in the IETF]]
([TIME[2011-09-10 19:11:51 +09:00]] 版)
<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6365#section-8>
[15] [CITE@en[Web Applications 1.0 r6905 Clarify how language affects form controls.]]
( ([TIME[2012-01-21 08:03:00 +09:00]] 版))
<http://html5.org/tools/web-apps-tracker?from=6904&to=6905>
[16] [CITE@en[Web Services Internationalization (WS-I18N)]]
( ([TIME[2012-05-17 23:07:50 +09:00]] 版))
<http://www.w3.org/TR/2012/NOTE-ws-i18n-20120522/#sec-locale>
[17] [CITE@en[Bug 22679 – API to expose locale-specific settings]]
( ([TIME[2013-10-15 08:07:23 +09:00]] 版))
<https://www.w3.org/Bugs/Public/show_bug.cgi?id=22679>
[18] [CITE@ja[ロケールとコード ページ]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 19:40:59 +09:00]] 版)
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/ja-jp/library/8w60z792.aspx>
[19] [CITE@ja[ロケール ID (LCID) の一覧]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 19:41:33 +09:00]] 版)
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/ja-jp/library/cc392381.aspx>
[20] [CITE@en[Locale IDs Assigned by Microsoft]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 19:42:04 +09:00]] 版)
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb964664.aspx>
[21] [CITE@en[Subscriber Locale Codes]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 19:43:54 +09:00]] 版)
<https://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa226765(v=sql.80).aspx>
[22] [CITE@en[Locale IDs, Input Locales, and Language Collections for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 19:44:32 +09:00]] 版)
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/goglobal/bb895996.aspx>
[23] [CITE[Internationalizing Your App - Google Chrome]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 19:47:04 +09:00]] 版)
<https://developer.chrome.com/webstore/i18n?csw=1#localeTable>
[24] [CITE@en[Mozilla localizations - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia]]
([TIME[2015-04-23 11:42:41 +09:00]] 版)
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozilla_localizations>
[25] [CITE@ja[カスタム用語集の形式 - Translate ヘルプ]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 20:24:00 +09:00]] 版)
<https://support.google.com/translate/toolkit/answer/147854?hl=ja>
[26] [CITE[Locale | Android Developers]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 21:39:02 +09:00]] 版)
<http://developer.android.com/reference/java/util/Locale.html>
[27] [CITE[localization - What is the list of supported languages/locales on Android? - Stack Overflow]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 21:39:12 +09:00]] 版)
<http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7973023/what-is-the-list-of-supported-languages-locales-on-android>
[28] [CITE@en-US[Android App Localization :: WilsonMar.com]]
([[Wilson Mar, 310.320-7878]] 著, [TIME[2014-08-24 10:54:11 +09:00]] 版)
<http://www.wilsonmar.com/android_localization.htm>
[29] [CITE@en[Mobile/Projects/Localization - MozillaWiki]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 21:45:04 +09:00]] 版)
<https://wiki.mozilla.org/Mobile/Projects/Localization>
[30] [CITE@en[Language and Locale IDs]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 21:57:15 +09:00]] 版)
<https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPInternational/LanguageandLocaleIDs/LanguageandLocaleIDs.html>
[31] [CITE[Objective-C - iOSで選択できる言語 - Qiita]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 21:59:05 +09:00]] 版)
<http://qiita.com/hirobe/items/cb906cca486675d02a87>
[32] [CITE[iOS Locale Identifiers]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 21:59:48 +09:00]] 版)
<https://gist.github.com/jacobbubu/1836273>
[33] ([TIME[2015-04-24 22:03:33 +09:00]] 版)
<https://www.facebook.com/translations/FacebookLocales.xml>
[34] [CITE@en[akarve/facebook-locales-to-json]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 22:04:42 +09:00]] 版)
<https://github.com/akarve/facebook-locales-to-json>
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[35] [CITE@ja[Localization & Translation]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 22:06:20 +09:00]] 版)
<https://developers.facebook.com/docs/internationalization>
]FIGCAPTION]
> There are two exceptions that do not follow the ISO standard: ar_AR and es_LA. We use these to denote umbrella locales for Arabic and Spanish. (For Spanish, we support a few specialized localizations.)
]FIG]
[36] [CITE@ja[Localization]]
([TIME[2015-04-24 22:07:24 +09:00]] 版)
<https://developers.facebook.com/docs/opengraph/guides/internationalization/>
[37] [CITE@en[Supported Culture Codes]]
([TIME[2015-04-25 14:56:58 +09:00]] 版)
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh441729.aspx>
[38] [CITE@ja[LocaleMapping - Apache OpenOffice Wiki]]
([TIME[2015-04-25 10:01:18 +09:00]] 版)
<https://wiki.openoffice.org/wiki/LocaleMapping>
[39] [CITE@ja[LibreOffice Localization Guide/Adding a New Language or Locale - The Document Foundation Wiki]]
([TIME[2015-01-25 23:26:46 +09:00]] 版)
<https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/LibreOffice_Localization_Guide/Adding_a_New_Language_or_Locale>
[40] [CITE@en[LCOV - make check - i18nlangtag/source/isolang/isolang.cxx]]
([TIME[2015-03-05 07:44:18 +09:00]] 版)
<http://lcov.libreoffice.org/i18nlangtag/source/isolang/isolang.cxx.gcov.html>
[41] [CITE@en[List of Wikipedias - Meta]]
([TIME[2015-04-25 09:00:16 +09:00]] 版)
<http://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/List_of_Wikipedias>
[42] [CITE@en[MySQL :: MySQL 5.6 Reference Manual :: 10.7 MySQL Server Locale Support]]
([TIME[2015-04-25 15:10:18 +09:00]] 版)
<https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/locale-support.html>
[43] [CITE[Java SE 7 Supported Locales]]
([TIME[2015-04-25 17:28:54 +09:00]] 版)
<http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/javase7locales-334809.html>
[44] [CITE@en[''''''[''''''mediawiki'''''']'''''' Contents of /trunk/phase3/languages/Names.php]]
([TIME[2015-04-25 19:49:51 +09:00]] 版)
<http://svn.wikimedia.org/viewvc/mediawiki/trunk/phase3/languages/Names.php?view=markup>
[45] [CITE@en[mediawiki/Names.php at master · wikimedia/mediawiki]]
([TIME[2015-04-25 19:51:12 +09:00]] 版)
<https://github.com/wikimedia/mediawiki/blob/master/languages/Names.php>
[46] [CITE@en[Languages]]
([TIME[2015-04-25 22:25:47 +09:00]] 版)
<https://translations.launchpad.net/+languages>
[47] [CITE@ja[+1 ボタン - Google+ Platform — Google Developers]]
([TIME[2013-06-08 08:18:53 +09:00]] 版)
<https://developers.google.com/+/web/+1button/#available-languages>
[FIG(quote)[
[FIGCAPTION[
[48] [CITE@en[REST API Reference - PayPal Developer]]
([TIME[2015-07-02 12:54:14 +09:00]] 版)
<https://developer.paypal.com/docs/api/>
]FIGCAPTION]
> Locale of pages displayed by PayPal payment experience. Allowed values: AU, AT, BE, BR, CA, CH, CN, DE, ES, GB, FR, IT, NL, PL, PT, RU, US. The following 5-character codes are also allowed for languages in specific countries: da_DK, he_IL, id_ID, ja_JP, no_NO, pt_BR, ru_RU, sv_SE, th_TH, tr_TR, zh_CN, zh_HK, zh_TW.
]FIG]
[51] [CITE@en[Microsoft Locale ID Values]]
( ([TIME[2016-06-03 21:45:30 +09:00]]))
<https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms912390(v=winembedded.11).aspx>
[55] [CITE@en[API Reference - Web Application - Tizen Web Device API Reference - Cordova - Globalization API | Tizen Developers]]
([TIME[2017-04-13 01:18:45 +09:00]])
<https://developer.tizen.org/development/api-references/web-application?redirect=https://developer.tizen.org/dev-guide/3.0.0/org.tizen.web.apireference/html/device_api/mobile/tizen/cordova/globalization.html>
[56] [CITE@en[API Reference - Web Application - Tizen Web Device API Reference - System - Time API | Tizen Developers]]
([TIME[2017-04-13 01:21:29 +09:00]])
<https://developer.tizen.org/development/api-references/web-application?redirect=https://developer.tizen.org/dev-guide/3.0.0/org.tizen.web.apireference/html/device_api/mobile/tizen/time.html>