id | title | description |
---|---|---|
auth |
Auth |
Use Supabase to Authenticate and Authorize your users. |
Supabase makes it simple to manage your users.
When users sign up, Supabase assigns them a unique ID. You can reference this ID anywhere in your database. For example, you might create a profiles
table referencing the user using a user_id
field.
Supabase provides the routes to sign up, log in, log out, and manage users in your apps and websites.
We currently support the following OAuth providers:
- GitHub
- GitLab
- Azure
- Bitbucket
You can enable providers by navigating to Authentication > Settings > External OAuth Providers and inputting your Client ID
and Secret
for each.
To fetch these, you need to:
- Generate
Client ID
andSecret
(Google, GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket). - Enter Authorized Redirect URI:
https://<your-project>.supabase.co/auth/v1/callback
on provider dashboard.
Authentication only gets you so far. When you need granular authorization rules, nothing beats PostgreSQL's Row Level Security (RLS). Supabase makes it simple to turn RLS on and off.
Policies are PostgreSQL's rule engine. They are incredibly powerful and flexible, allowing you to write complex SQL rules which fit your unique business needs.
With policies, your database becomes the rules engine. Instead of repetitively filtering your queries, like this ...
const loggedInUserId = 'd0714948'
let { data, error } = await supabase
.from('users')
.select('user_id, name')
.eq('user_id', loggedInUserId)
// console.log(data)
// => { id: 'd0714948', name: 'Jane' }
... you can simply define a rule on your database table, auth.uid() = user_id
, and your request will return the rows which pass the rule, even when you remove the filter from your middleware:
let user = await supabase
.from('users')
.select('user_id, name')
// console.log(data)
// Still => { id: 'd0714948', name: 'Jane' }
Policies are easy to understand once you get the hang of them. You can just think of them as adding a WHERE
clause to every query. For example if you had a policy like this:
create policy "Individuals can view their own todos." on todos for
select using (auth.uid() = user_id);
It would translate to this whenever a user tries to select from the todos table:
select *
from todos
where auth.uid() = todos.user_id; -- Policy is implicitly added.
- A user signs up. Supabase creates a new user in the
auth.users
table. - Supabase returns a new JWT, which contains the user's
UUID
. - Every request to your database also sends the JWT.
- Postgres inspects the JWT to determine the user making the request.
- The user's UID can be used in policies to restrict access to rows.
Supabase provides a special function in Postgres, auth.uid()
, which extracts the user's UID from the JWT. This is especially useful when creating policies.
Here are some examples to show you the power of PostgreSQL's RLS. Each policy is attached to a table, and the policy is executed every time a the table is accessed.
-- 1. Create table
create table profiles (
id uuid references auth.users,
avatar_url text
);
-- 2. Enable RLS
alter table profiles
enable row level security;
-- 3. Create Policy
create policy "Public profiles are viewable by everyone."
on profiles for select using (
true
);
- Creates a table called
profiles
in the public schema (default schema). - Enables Row Level Security.
- Creates a policy which allows all
select
queries to run.
-- 1. Create table
create table profiles (
id uuid references auth.users,
avatar_url text
);
-- 2. Enable RLS
alter table profiles
enable row level security;
-- 3. Create Policy
create policy "Users can update their own profiles."
on profiles for update using (
auth.uid() = id
);
- Creates a table called
profiles
in the public schema (default schema). - Enables RLS.
- Creates a policy which allows logged in users to update their own data.
Policies can even include table joins. This example shows how you can query "external" tables to build more advanced rules.
create table teams (
id serial primary key,
name text
);
-- 2. Create many to many join
create table members (
team_id bigint references teams,
user_id uuid references auth.users
);
-- 3. Enable RLS
alter table teams
enable row level security;
-- 4. Create Policy
create policy "Team members can update team details if they belong to the team."
on teams
for update using (
auth.uid() in (
select user_id from members
where team_id = id
)
);
Policies can also make use of security definer functions
. This is useful in a many-to-many relationship where you want to restrict access to the linking table. Following the teams
and members
example from above, this example shows how you can use security definer function in combination with a policy to control access to the members
table.
-- 1. Follow example for 'Policies with joins' above
-- 2. Enable RLS
alter table members
enable row level security
-- 3. Create security definer function
create or replace function get_teams_for_user(user_id uuid)
returns setof bigint as $$
select team_id
from members
where user_id = $1
$$ stable language sql security definer;
-- 4. Create Policy
create policy "Team members can update team members if they belong to the team."
on members
for all using (
team_id in (
select get_teams_for_user(auth.uid())
)
);
Postgres has a function right(string, n)
that returns the rightmost n characters of a string.
You could use this to match staff member's email domains.
-- 1. Create table
create table leaderboard (
id uuid references auth.users,
high_score bigint
);
-- 2. Enable RLS
alter table leaderboard
enable row level security;
-- 3. Create Policy
create policy "Only Blizzard staff can update leaderboard"
on leaderboard
for update using (
right(auth.email(), 13) = '@blizzard.com'
);
Use the full power of SQL to build extremely advanced rules.
In this example, we will create a posts
and comments
database and then create a policy that depends on another policy.
(In this case, the comments policy depends on the posts policy.)
create table posts (
id serial primary key,
creator_id uuid not null references auth.users(id),
title text not null,
body text not null,
publish_date date not null default now(),
audience uuid[] null -- many to many table omitted for brevity
);
create table comments (
id serial primary key,
post_id int not null references posts(id) on delete cascade,
user_id uuid not null references auth.users(id),
body text not null,
comment_date date not null default now()
);
create policy "Creator can see their own posts"
on posts
for select
using (
auth.uid() = posts.creator_id
);
create policy "Logged in users can see the posts if they belong to the post 'audience'."
on posts
for select
using (
auth.uid() = any (posts.audience)
);
create policy "Users can see all comments for posts they have access to."
on comments
for select
using (
exists (
select 1 from posts
where posts.id = comments.post_id
)
);
You can also put your authorization rules in your middleware, similar to how you would create security rules with any other backend <-> middleware <-> frontend
architecture.
Policies are a tool. In the case of "serverless/Jamstack" setups, they are especially effective because you don't have to deploy any middleware at all.
However, if you want to use another authorization method for your applications, that's also fine. Supabase is "just Postgres", so if your application works with Postgres, then it also works with Supabase.
Tip: Make sure to enable RLS for all your tables, so that your tables are inaccessible. Then use the "Service" which we provide, which is designed to bypass RLS.
Navigate to Authentication > Settings on app.supabase.io, and you'll be able to change settings for things like:
- SITE URL, which is used for determining where to redirect users after they confirm their email addresses or attempt to use a magic link to log in.
- Disabling email confirmations.
- Enabling external OAuth providers, such as Google and GitHub.
Supabase provides special "Service" keys, which can be used to bypass all RLS. These should never be used in the browser or exposed to customers, but they are useful for administrative tasks.
Even though Supabase provides an auth.users
table, it is helpful to also create a users table in the public
schema, which uses the same UID Primary Key as the auth.users
.
For security purposes, the auth
schema is not exposed on the auto-generated API. Creating a public.users
table allows you to interact via the Supabase client –
especially useful for cross-table queries.
Pro tip: If you want to add a row to your public.users
table every time a user signs up, you can use triggers. For example:
-- inserts a row into public.users
create function public.handle_new_user()
returns trigger as $$
begin
insert into public.users (id)
values (new.id);
return new;
end;
$$ language plpgsql security definer;
-- trigger the function every time a user is created
create trigger on_auth_user_created
after insert on auth.users
for each row execute procedure public.handle_new_user();
Our realtime server doesn't provide per-user security. Until we build a more robust auth system for WebSockets, you can disable realtime functionality for any private tables. To do this, you can manage the underlying Postgres replication publication:
/**
* REALTIME SUBSCRIPTIONS
* Only allow realtime listening on public tables.
*/
begin;
-- remove the realtime publication
drop publication if exists supabase_realtime;
-- re-create the publication but don't enable it for any tables
create publication supabase_realtime;
commit;
-- add a table to the publication
alter publication supabase_realtime add table products;
-- add other tables to the publication
alter publication supabase_realtime add table posts;
We're in the process of building enhanced realtime security.
- Read more about Row Level Security.
- Sign in: app.supabase.io