build: cache more standard image layers (#5133)

Run the steps to copy super-linter configs and executables in both the
standard and the slim images so that we can cache the steps to install
additional linters for the standard image even if we modify super-linter
configs and executables.

Dockerfile

@@ -358,9 +358,6 @@ COPY --chmod=555 scripts/bash-exec.sh /usr/bin/bash-exec
 #########################
 # Configure Environment #
 #########################
-# Set image variant
-ENV IMAGE="slim"
-
 ENV PATH="${PATH}:/venvs/ansible-lint/bin"
 ENV PATH="${PATH}:/venvs/black/bin"
 ENV PATH="${PATH}:/venvs/checkov/bin"
@@ -384,6 +381,10 @@ ENV PATH="${PATH}:${DART_SDK}/bin:/root/.pub-cache/bin"
 RUN terrascan init \
     && touch ~/.chktexrc
 
+ENTRYPOINT ["/action/lib/linter.sh"]
+
+FROM base_image as slim
+
 ###################################
 # Copy linter configuration files #
 ###################################
@@ -394,9 +395,7 @@ COPY TEMPLATES /action/lib/.automation
 #################################
 COPY lib /action/lib
 
-ENTRYPOINT ["/action/lib/linter.sh"]
-
-FROM base_image as slim
+ENV IMAGE="slim"
 
 # Run to build version file and validate image
 RUN ACTIONS_RUNNER_DEBUG=true WRITE_LINTER_VERSIONS_FILE=true IMAGE="${IMAGE}" /action/lib/linter.sh
@@ -427,7 +426,6 @@ ARG PWSH_DIRECTORY='/usr/lib/microsoft/powershell'
 ARG PSSA_VERSION='1.21.0'
 
 ENV ARM_TTK_PSD1="/usr/lib/microsoft/arm-ttk/arm-ttk.psd1"
-ENV IMAGE="standard"
 ENV PATH="${PATH}:/var/cache/dotnet/tools:/usr/share/dotnet"
 
 # Install super-linter runtime dependencies
@@ -461,6 +459,18 @@ RUN --mount=type=secret,id=GITHUB_TOKEN /install-pwsh.sh && rm -rf /install-pwsh
 COPY scripts/install-arm-ttk.sh /
 RUN --mount=type=secret,id=GITHUB_TOKEN /install-arm-ttk.sh && rm -rf /install-arm-ttk.sh
 
+###################################
+# Copy linter configuration files #
+###################################
+COPY TEMPLATES /action/lib/.automation
+
+#################################
+# Copy super-linter executables #
+#################################
+COPY lib /action/lib
+
+ENV IMAGE="standard"
+
 # Run to build version file and validate image again because we installed more linters
 RUN ACTIONS_RUNNER_DEBUG=true WRITE_LINTER_VERSIONS_FILE=true IMAGE="${IMAGE}" /action/lib/linter.sh