Simplify container image build

[ferrarimarco]

Proposed Changes

1. Define GLIBC_VERSION once as a global argument in Dockerfile to reduce duplication.
2. Update the slim image to python:3.12.1-alpine3.19. For some reason, dependabot was failing with a 403 when analyzing this dependency.
3. Install a specific hadolint version instead of latest to make the build more reproducible.
4. Remove the base_image build step entirely. This stage was largely redundant because we copied everything we installed to slim anyway. This saves up some build time, and makes the Dockerfile simpler.
5. Move static labels near the top of the Dockerfile.
6. Move dynamic labels near the bottom of the Dockerfile to avoid invalidating the cache when they change.
7. Move build arguments about linter versions to install where they are needed.
8. Install bash first so that we can enable additional error checks right away.
9. Move the longest Dockerfile build instructions earlier so we can better use the build cache.
10. Move the installation of OS packages from scripts to Dockerfile when a package is needed by more than one linter.
11. Move terrascan and chktexrc initialization from install-ktlint.sh to Dockerfile because they don't have anything to do with ktlint.
12. Don't install glibc-compat multiple times in different script, and consolidate the logic to do this in a install-glibc.sh script.
13. Fail on errors in subshells when installing dependencies using shell scripts (install-xxxxx.sh).
14. Use phive.xml to install dependencies instead of listing them when invoking phive.
15. Update phive.xml to install the same dependencies that we were installing explicitly from the command line. Note that phive.xml was already in /dependencies, but unused and outdated.
16. Install Composer using Phive instead of using an ad-hoc script.
17. Initialize TFLint plugins when building the Dockerfile so have the default ones in the image already.
18. Add missing OS package installation tests.
19. Add missing linter commands tests: gitleaks, prettier, renovate-config-validator, textlint, ts-standard.
20. Add missing PyPi packages tests. We weren't testing any.
21. Add missing NPM packages tests.
22. Add missing maintainers from the build failure issues assignee template.
23. Update CODEOWNERS according to the list of current maintainers.

Readiness Checklist

Author/Contributor

• I included all the needed documentation for this change.
• I provided the necessary tests.

Reviewing Maintainer

• Label as breaking if this is a large, fundamental change.
• Label as either: automation, bug, documentation, enhancement, infrastructure.

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build: simplify container image build
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[ferrarimarco]

@zkoppert sorry if this turned to be quite big, but I kept finding new issues while fixing others :)

[ferrarimarco]

@zkoppert thanks for your review! I fixed a few conflicts, so no major changes since you reviewed. Going ahead with this one :)