feat: support compatible node modules without prefixes

[Rich-Harris]

This is a companion to #10544. Cloudflare workers let you import from node:path, but not from path. This is annoying to fix if you're not the one writing the import (i.e. it's in a dependency). We can trivially fix it with esbuild config.

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Latest commit: 55a7dc8

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

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Name	Type
@sveltejs/adapter-cloudflare-workers	Minor
@sveltejs/adapter-cloudflare	Minor

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