File and folder manipulation
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| pwd | display current folder |
| ls -l path | list files and folders |
| cd path | change folder to path |
| cd ~ | change folder to home folder |
| mkdir dir_name | make folder |
| rmdir dir_name | remove folder |
| cp source dest | copy file/folder and all its contents |
File compression and decompression
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| gzip filename | compress file with gzip (adds .gz extension) |
| gunzip filename.gz | decompress fildecompress file with gzip (removes .gz extension) |
| zmore filename.gz | |
| zless filename.gz | file decompress display file content of a gzip compressed file |
| tar xfz filename.tar.gz | extract/decompress files from tar.gz archive |
| tar zcvf archive.tar.gz folder_to_compress | creates archive.tar.gz |
| unzip filename.zip | unzip archive |
| zgrep pattern filename.gz | search text/pattern in a compressed file |
Text processing
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| grep pattern filename | search text/pattern |
| cut | extract column |
| tr | substitute/delete text/pattern |
| less | display file content |
| wc | count number of lines in file |
| sort | sort lines |
| uniq | remove lines occurring more than once |
| comm file1 file2 | compares files (intersection,union,difference) |
Network and file transfer
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| wget URL | download file (also html page) and save to current folder |
| ssh –X username@host | remote login to host with username |
| disconnect by Ctrl+d | |
| sftp username@host | remote login to host with username and transfer files |
| scp source target | copy files from/to host |
| scp username@host:~/path/file . | |
| scp file username@host:~/path*/file* |
Permissions and Ownership
These commands also work on directories
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| chmod ug+rx filename | Set write and execute permissions to user and group |
| chown user filename | changes user ownership |
| chgrp group filename | changes group ownership |
| chown user:group filename | changes user & group ownership |
System information & processes
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| uname -a | display system information |
| df -h | list mounted disks with available space |
| du -h path | show space usage |
| top | display running processes |
| kill pid | kill process |
“vi” editor
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| $ vi filename | start editing file with vi |
| i | switch to “insert” mode |
| ESC | switch to “command” mode |
| :w | save |
| :q | quit |
| :x | save and quit |
| /<pattern> | search for pattern, <n> gives you the next match |
| :q! | quit without saving changes |