Fixed (LaTeX) printer issues

[oscargus]

References to other Issues or PRs

Closes #20959
Closes #21758

Brief description of what is fixed or changed

Fixed two printing issues.

• FourierSeries with 0 sequences do not hang (LaTeX and pretty).
• MatrixSymbols with ^ in name with be parenthesized (and provide valid LaTeX-code).

Other comments

One may argue if a MatrixSymbol with a ^ in it should be parenthesize or not (possible to just put {} around it).

Release Notes

• printing
  • LaTeX and pretty printing of FourierSeries with zero sequence do not hang.
  • MatrixSymbol with ^ in name can be LaTeX-printed without errors.
  • No superfluous parenthesis for Adjoint and Transpose in LaTeX and pretty.

[sympy-bot]

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Hi, I am the SymPy bot (v162). I'm here to help you write a release notes entry. Please read the guide on how to write release notes.

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Here is what the release notes will look like:

• printing

  • LaTeX and pretty printing of FourierSeries with zero sequence do not hang. (#22772 by @oscargus)

  • MatrixSymbol with ^ in name can be LaTeX-printed without errors. (#22772 by @oscargus)

  • No superfluous parenthesis for Adjoint and Transpose in LaTeX and pretty. (#22772 by @oscargus)

This will be added to https://github.com/sympy/sympy/wiki/Release-Notes-for-1.10.

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#### References to other Issues or PRs
<!-- If this pull request fixes an issue, write "Fixes #NNNN" in that exact
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Closes #20959 
Closes #21758 

#### Brief description of what is fixed or changed

Fixed two printing issues.
* FourierSeries with 0 sequences do not hang (LaTeX and pretty).
* MatrixSymbols with ^ in name with be parenthesized (and provide valid LaTeX-code).

#### Other comments

One may argue if a MatrixSymbol with a ^ in it should be parenthesize or not (possible to just put {} around it).

#### Release Notes

<!-- Write the release notes for this release below between the BEGIN and END
statements. The basic format is a bulleted list with the name of the subpackage
and the release note for this PR. For example:

* solvers
  * Added a new solver for logarithmic equations.

* functions
  * Fixed a bug with log of integers.

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NO ENTRY

See https://github.com/sympy/sympy/wiki/Writing-Release-Notes for more
information on how to write release notes. The bot will check your release
notes automatically to see if they are formatted correctly. -->

<!-- BEGIN RELEASE NOTES -->
* printing
   * LaTeX and pretty printing of `FourierSeries` with zero sequence do not hang.
   * `MatrixSymbol` with ^ in name can be LaTeX-printed without errors.
   * No superfluous parenthesis for `Adjoint` and `Transpose` in LaTeX and pretty.
<!-- END RELEASE NOTES -->

Update

The release notes on the wiki have been updated.

[github-actions]

Benchmark results from GitHub Actions

Lower numbers are good, higher numbers are bad. A ratio less than 1
means a speed up and greater than 1 means a slowdown. Green lines
beginning with + are slowdowns (the PR is slower then master or
master is slower than the previous release). Red lines beginning
with - are speedups.

Significantly changed benchmark results (PR vs master)

Significantly changed benchmark results (master vs previous release)

       before           after         ratio
     [907895ac]       [448e6188]
-         287±5ms          181±7ms     0.63  large_exprs.TimeLargeExpressionOperations.time_subs
-        273±10μs          124±4μs     0.46  matrices.TimeMatrixExpression.time_MatMul
-      17.4±0.5ms       9.64±0.2ms     0.55  matrices.TimeMatrixExpression.time_MatMul_doit
+     7.94±0.07ms         12.6±1ms     1.59  matrices.TimeMatrixPower.time_Case1
-      5.43±0.03s          416±3ms     0.08  polygon.PolygonArbitraryPoint.time_bench01
+     4.26±0.09ms       7.63±0.5ms     1.79  solve.TimeMatrixOperations.time_det(4, 2)
+      4.19±0.1ms       7.52±0.5ms     1.80  solve.TimeMatrixOperations.time_det_bareiss(4, 2)
+        609±10ms          932±8ms     1.53  solve.TimeMatrixSolve.time_solve('GE')
+        503±10ms         762±30ms     1.52  solve.TimeMatrixSolve.time_solve_sym('GE')
+        44.6±1ms         93.7±4ms     2.10  solve.TimeMatrixSolvePyDySlow.time_linsolve(1)
+        45.3±1ms         90.8±3ms     2.00  solve.TimeMatrixSolvePyDySlow.time_solve(1)

Full benchmark results can be found as artifacts in GitHub Actions
(click on checks at the top of the PR).

[smichr]

looks ok to me