Fix warnings introduced with extra compiler flags requred by TIOBE TICS framework

[maartenvds]

The additional flags: -W -Wextra -Wconversion -Wshadow -Wcast-qual -Wwrite-strings
Theoretically we should get an A on compiler warnings if all is fixed.
Because portability is important: -Wcast-align should also be added for 16-bit devices

[andreixc]

Most of the issues are conversion warnings.
Keep on tackling them.

[andreixc]

There are a lot of conversions from int to uint16_t and uint32_t and the other way.
These conversions can truncate values, corrupt sign and many more things.
8 bit, 16 bit platforms can suffer from converting uint32_t to int.
all the platforms can encounter sign changes.
The reason why embedded sw usually uses uint8_t,uint16_t,uint32_t, sint8_t, sint16_t, sint32_t is to keep
the code portable between platforms.

[danielinux]

Fixed -Wextra -Wshadow -Wcast-qual -Wwrite-strings

[danielinux]

for this bug to be closed, enable -Wconversion and get rid of all implicit casts, remove int wherever possible (except the public APIs).

[bibireiulian]

From TICS Quality Data Viewer => Compiler warnings Class A.
Issue closed.