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A59075.xml
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<title>A brief discourse touching the office of Lord Chancellor of England written by the learned John Selden of the Inner Temple, Esq., and dedicated by him to Sir Francis Bacon ... ; transcribed from a true copy thereof, found amongst the collections of ... St. Lo. Kniveton ... ; together with A true catalogue of lord chancellors and keepers of the great seal of England, from the Norman conquest untill this present year, 1671, by William Dugdale, Esquire ...</title>
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<title>A brief discourse touching the office of Lord Chancellor of England written by the learned John Selden of the Inner Temple, Esq., and dedicated by him to Sir Francis Bacon ... ; transcribed from a true copy thereof, found amongst the collections of ... St. Lo. Kniveton ... ; together with A true catalogue of lord chancellors and keepers of the great seal of England, from the Norman conquest untill this present year, 1671, by William Dugdale, Esquire ...</title>
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<front>
<div type="frontispiece">
<pb facs="tcp:62809:1"/>
<pb facs="tcp:62809:1"/>
<p>
<figure>
<p>Tumulus
Praenob: FRANCISCI Baronis VERVLAM Vicecomitis<expan>
<am>
<g ref="char:abque"/>
</am>
<ex>que</ex>
</expan> S. ALBAN
In Cancello Ecclesiae S. Mich<g ref="char:punc">▪</g> apud. S. ALBANVM.</p>
<p>FRANCISCVS BACON BARO DE VERVLAMS. ALBANI VIC:
SEV NOTIORIBVS TITVLIS
SCIENTIARVM LVMEN. FACVNDIAE LEX
SIC SEDEBAT</p>
<p>QVI POSTQVAM OMNIA NATVRALIS SAPIENTIAE
ET CIVILIS ARCANA EVOLVISSET
NATVRAE DECRETVM EXPLEVIT
COMPOSITA SOLVANTVR
AN DNI. M.DC.XXVI.
AETAT. LXVI</p>
<p>TANTI VIRI
MEM<g ref="char:punc">▪</g>
THOMAS MEAVTVS
SVPERSTITIS CVLTOR
DEFVNCTI ADMIRATOR
H. P.</p>
</figure>
</p>
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<div type="title_page">
<p>
<pb facs="tcp:62809:2"/>
<pb facs="tcp:62809:2"/>A
BRIEF DISCOURSE
TOUCHING THE
OFFICE
OF
Lord Chancellor
OF
ENGLAND.</p>
<p>WRITTEN BY
The Learned <hi>John Selden</hi> of the <hi>Inner Temple,</hi>
<abbr>Esq</abbr>
and Dedicated by him to Sir <hi>Francis Bacon</hi> Knight, then
<hi>Lord Keeper</hi> of the <hi>Great Seal</hi> of <hi>ENGLAND.</hi>
</p>
<p>Transcribed from a true Copy thereof, found amongst
the Collections of that Judicious Antiquary <hi>S<hi rend="sup">t</hi>. Lo Kniveton,</hi>
late of <hi>Grayes Inne</hi>
<abbr>Esq</abbr>
</p>
<p>TOGETHER WITH
A True Catalogue of <hi>Lord Chancellors,</hi> and <hi>Keepers</hi> of the <hi>Great
Seal</hi> of <hi>England,</hi> from the <hi>Norman</hi> Conquest, untill
this present Year, 1671.</p>
<p>BY
<hi>WILLIAM D<g ref="char:V">Ʋ</g>GDALE,</hi> Esquire,
<hi>NORROY</hi> King of Arms.</p>
<p>
<hi>LONDON,</hi>
Printed for <hi>William Lee</hi> at the <hi>Turks Head</hi> in <hi>Fleet street,</hi> over
against <hi>Fetter-lane</hi> end, 1671.</p>
</div>
<div type="dedication">
<pb facs="tcp:62809:3"/>
<pb facs="tcp:62809:3"/>
<head>TO THE
RIGHT HONOURABLE
Sir FRANCIS BACON Knight,
Lord Keeper of the Great Seal of <hi>England.</hi>
</head>
<opener>
<salute>MY LORD,</salute>
</opener>
<p>
<seg rend="decorInit">T</seg>HE Times obvious discourse, whereby
that All which truly loves Nobless or
Learning congratulates your highly
deserved Honor, caused me collect
these, taken out of no obvious Monu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ments,
touching the auncientest mention, conjuncti<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>on,
and division of those two Great Offices of State
which your Lordship really bears, though stiled
but by the name of one: they are short, yet give large
testimony of the former times. They conclude with
an Act made about 320. years since, of like tenor in
substance with that later under Queen <hi>Eliz.</hi> which
was as proper to your name, whence these also were
the fitter to offer you: Enough, other particulars
touching both these Great Offices might have been
added, but these were chosen for the usual Question
of the present, and thus are given (not yet seen by
any other eye) as a taste of my humble Observance.
My Lord, they are only yours, as their Author
would be,</p>
<closer>
<signed>J. Selden.</signed>
</closer>
</div>
</front>
<body>
<div type="discourse">
<pb facs="tcp:62809:4"/>
<pb n="1" facs="tcp:62809:4"/>
<head>A
BRIEF DISCOURSE
TOUCHING THE
OFFICE
OF
Lord Chancellor of England, &c.</head>
<div n="1" type="section">
<head>The Name and Office of Lord Chancellor of England
under the Saxons.</head>
<p>
<seg rend="decorInit">T</seg>HE eldest mention in good authority of the
name of Chancellor of this Kingdom, is in
<hi>Edward</hi> the elders time,<note place="margin">Temp. <hi>Edw.</hi> senioris & sequentium Regum. <hi>Ingulphus.</hi>
</note> about the year
DCCCCXX. he made <hi>Turketill</hi> Abbot of
<hi>Croyland</hi> his Chancellor. <hi>Cancellarium suum
eum constituit, ut quaecunque negotia temporalia
vel spiritualia, Regis Judicium expectabant illius consilio & de<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>creto
(nam tantae fidei et tam profundi ingenij tenebatur) omnia
tractarentur, & tractata irrefragabilem sententiam sortirentur.</hi>
This Abbot held the Office under <hi>Athelstan, Edmund</hi> and
<hi>Edred</hi> succeeding Kings.</p>
<p>King <hi>Ethelred</hi> afterwards divided the Chancellorship be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tween
the Abbots of <hi>Ely,</hi>
<note place="margin">Temp. <hi>E<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thelredi.</hi>
</note> and St. <hi>Augustine</hi> in <hi>Canterbury,</hi> and
of <hi>Glastenbury,</hi> who were to exercise it by turn. The words
of an Old Monk of <hi>Ely</hi> are, <hi>Statuit atque concessit quatenus
Ecclesia de</hi> Ely <hi>extunc & semper in Regis Curiâ, Cancellarii
ageret dignitatem quod & aliis, Sancti viz.</hi> Augustini <hi>&</hi> Glas<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>coniae
<hi>Ecclesiis constituit, ut Abbates istorum Coenobiorum vi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cissim
assignatis succedendo temporibus annum trifariè dividerint,
<pb n="2" facs="tcp:62809:5"/>
cum Sanctuarii & caeteris ornatibus Altaris ministrando:</hi> So
as the Abbot of <hi>Ely,</hi> or some Monk by him appointed, ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ercised
the Office from <hi>Candlemas</hi> four moneths yearly, and
the other two of <hi>Glastenbury</hi> and S<hi rend="sup">t</hi>. <hi>Augustines</hi> made up the
twelve.</p>
<p>But there occurres not any subscription in Charters by that
name, till the Confessor, in his Patent to the Church of <hi>West<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>minster;</hi>
after the King, Bishops, Abbots, and others, comes
<hi>Ego</hi> Rembaldus <hi>Cancellarius subscripsi.</hi>
</p>
<p>Yet in the ancientest Monument of a Grant by any King
extant here, I doubt not but the Chancellor subscribed,
though under another name.</p>
<p>The first Christian King of the <hi>Saxons</hi> founded and endow<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ed
<hi>Canterbury</hi> Church,<note place="margin">Temp. <hi>E<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thelberti.</hi>
</note> and in his Charter amongst the Earls,
occurrs <hi>Ego</hi> Augemandus <hi>Referendarius subscripsi;</hi> where <hi>Refe<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rendarius</hi> may well stand for <hi>Cancellarius,</hi> the Office of both
(as the words applyed to the Court are used in the Code,
Novells, and Story of the declining Empire) fignifying an
Officer that received Petitions and Supplications to the King,
and made out his Writs and Mandates, as a <hi>Custos Legis:</hi> And
though there were divers <hi>Referendarii,</hi> as 14. then 8. then
more again, and so divers Chancellors in the Empire; Yet
one especially here, exercising an Office of the nature of these
many, might well be stiled by either of the names. These
are testimonies of that time without exception, though <hi>Poly<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dore</hi>
begin the Name and Office at the <hi>Norman</hi> Conquest.</p>
</div>
<div n="2" type="section">
<head>II.
Whether the Keeping of a Seal, were in the Chancellorship
under the Saxons.</head>
<p>FOR that Principal part of the Office, or that other Of<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>fice
joyned with the Chancellorship, the Keeping of the
Seal; If the common Opinion were cleer, that under the
<hi>Saxon</hi> State no Seals were here used, then were it vain to
think of it as of that time. But there is yet remaining an
Old <hi>Saxon</hi> Charter of King <hi>Edgar,</hi>
<note place="margin">Edgar.</note> beginning, <hi>A Orthodoxo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rum
vigoris Ecclesiastici monitu creberrime instruimur,</hi> &c. to
the Abbey of <hi>Persore,</hi> wherein divers Lands are given, and
there remains in the Parchment plain signes of three Labells
by the places cut for their being hanged on: and of the self<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>same
<pb n="3" facs="tcp:62809:5"/>
Charter a testimony also as ancient, that the Seals were,
one of King <hi>Edgar,</hi> the second of S<hi rend="sup">t</hi>. <hi>Dunstan,</hi> and the third
of <hi>Alfer Ducis Merciorum.</hi> That testimony is in a Letter
from <hi>Godfrie</hi> Archdeacon of <hi>Worcester</hi> to Pope <hi>Alexander</hi> III.
writing of that Charter, and the Authority of it: <hi>Noverit,</hi>
saith he, <hi>Sanctitas vestra, verum esse, quod conscripti hujus
scriptum originale in virtute Sanctae Trinitatis sigilla tria, trium
personarum autenticarum, ad veritatem, triplici confirmatione
commendat; Est autem Sigillum primum illustris Regis</hi> Edgari;
<hi>secundum</hi> Sancti Dunstani Cantuariensis <hi>Archiepiscopi; tertium</hi>
Alferi <hi>Ducis</hi> Merciorum; <hi>sicut ex diligenti literarum impressa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>rum
inspectione evidenter accepi.</hi> And it's reported by those
which have searched the Records of S<hi rend="sup">t</hi>. <hi>Denys</hi> Church in
<hi>France,</hi> there remain two Charters, the one of one <hi>Offa,</hi>
the other of one <hi>Edgar,</hi> with Seals annext; the one of which
I have seen cast off in Lead, and is about the breadth of a
Shilling thick, and having a face on the one side. Likewise
amongst the <hi>Chartae Antiquae,</hi> divers being reckoned <hi>cum Si<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gillo,</hi>
others <hi>sine Sigillo;</hi> one is <hi>cum Sigillo</hi> of King <hi>Cnout,</hi> nei<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther
is there any colour of doubt but that the <hi>Confessor</hi> had his
Seal, for the Print yet remains in part to be seen. But not<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>withstanding
these singular examples of Kings Sealing in the
<hi>Saxons</hi> times, it's most certain it was not a thing common
then; neither could any in the Chancellorship be denomina<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ted
from Keeping the Seal, nor in any other Office. Cu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riosity
in some particular occasion swayed more in it, than any
Custom;<note place="margin">In the Regi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ster of <hi>Croy<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>land</hi> it ap<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>pears that the <hi>Normans</hi> brought in the use of Seals to Charters.</note>
Although we admit those before mentioned for
true, which may well be doubted, in regard of the frequent
fraud and ignorance in committing it, which in the elder
times possess'd the Church-men. But for the <hi>Confessor</hi>'s Seal,
that was without scruple certain, and thence may we confi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dently
derive the Great Seal of <hi>England.</hi>
</p>
</div>
<div n="3" type="section">
<head>III.
Testimonies of the Chancellorship and Keepership joyned, in
times neer after the Norman Invasion.</head>
<p>AS in the Monuments of the Confessor <hi>Rembald</hi> is na<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>med
Chancellor;<note place="margin">Will. 1.</note> so under the first <hi>William, Maurice</hi>
Bishop of <hi>London,</hi> and in the succeeding times others. Old
Stories of the Monks sufficiently mention them. But little
<pb n="4" facs="tcp:62809:6"/>
appears of the Office till the time of <hi>H.</hi> 2. under whom, one
writing the life of <hi>Thomas Beckett</hi> that was Lord Chancellor,
hath this most ancient testimony of it, and of Keeping the
Seal also; <hi>Cancellarii dignitas est, ut secundus à Rege in regno
habeatur; ut altera parte Sigilla regii, quod & ad ejus pertinet
custodiam, propria signet mandata, ut Capella Regia in illius
sit dispositione et cura, ut vacantes Archiepiscopatus, Episcopa<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tus,
Abbatias & Baronias cadentes in manum Regis ipse susci<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>piat
& conservet; ut omnibus Regis assit consiliis, etiam non
vocatus, accedat; ut omnia Sigilliferi Clerici regii sua manu sig<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nentur:
Item ut suffragantibus, ex Dei gratia vitae meritis, nòn
moriatur, nisi Archiepiscopus vel Episcopus si voluerit: Inde
est quod Cancellaria non emenda est.</hi> And another of the same
time, <hi>Cancellarius sicut in Curia, sic & ad Scaccarium mag<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nus
est; adeò ut sine ipsius consensu vel consilio nihil magnum
fiat vel fieri debeat: verum hoc habet officium dum residet ad
Scaccarium: Ad ipsum pertinet custodia Sigilli regii, quod est
in Thesauro; Sed indè nòn recedit nisi cum Praecepto Justiciarii,</hi>
(that is Chief Justice of <hi>England</hi> that was a Viceroy) <hi>ab in<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>feriore
ad superius Scaccarium, à Thesaurario vel Camerario
defertur ad explenda solum negotia Scaccarii; quibus peractis
in loculum mittitur, & loculus à Cancellario consignatur, & sic
Thesaurario traditur custodiendus. Item cùm necesse fuerit,
signatus sub omnium oculis Cancellario offertur, nunquam ab ipso
vel ab alio alias offerendus. Item ad ipsum pertinet rotuli, qui
est de Cancellaria, custodia per suppositam personam.</hi> Another
about the time of <hi>Edw. 1. Officium Cancellariae viro provido
& discreto ut Episcopo vel Clerico magnae dignitatis debet com<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mitti,
simul cum curâ majoris Sigilli regni, cujus substituti sunt
Cancellarii omnes in</hi> Anglia, Hibernia, Wallia <hi>&</hi> Scotia.
<hi>Omnesque sigilli regii custodes praeter Custodem Sigilli pri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>vati.</hi>
</p>
</div>
<div n="4" type="section">
<head>IV.
Of the Division and Conjunction of Lord Chancellor and
Lord Keeper, till an Old Act made that they
should be One.</head>
<p>BUT for that of <hi>Cancellaria emenda nòn est,</hi>
<note place="margin">Cart. 14. <hi>Joh.</hi> dorso. <hi>Walt. deGray</hi> Cancellar. & alii missi ad <hi>Othonem</hi> Imp. nepo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tem Regis <hi>Johannis.</hi>
</note> an exam<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ple
not long after was, not only in truth to the con<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>trary,
but entred also in Publique Records; For <hi>Walter de
<pb n="5" facs="tcp:62809:6"/>
Gray</hi> of the Family of the <hi>Greyes</hi> of <hi>Rotherfeld</hi> in <hi>Oxford<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>shire,</hi>
<note place="margin">In dorso sin. 7. <hi>Joh.</hi>
</note> in 7th of King <hi>John, Dat. Domino Regi quinque mil<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lia
Marcarum pro habendâ Cancellariâ Domini Regis totâ vitâ
suâ; & pro habendâ inde Charta Domini Regis.</hi>
<note place="margin">Pat. 14 <hi>Joh.</hi> m. 5. Carta Regis <hi>W.</hi> de <hi>Carrio</hi> de domo sua de <hi>Carrio</hi> &c. Teste <hi>Will.</hi> de <hi>Brewer</hi> apud <hi>Westm. 21. Maii.</hi> Carta Regis <hi>Joh.</hi> facta <hi>Mauricio</hi> de <hi>Gant</hi> de Ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nerio de <hi>
<gap reason="illegible: blotted" extent="1 word">
<desc>〈◊〉</desc>
</gap>
<g ref="char:punc">▪</g>
</hi> Teste or Dat. per manum <hi>Radulphi</hi> de <hi>Nevill</hi> apud <hi>Buttevill 28 Julii</hi> an. 16. Pat. p. 2. m. 8. Et ibid. m. 4. <hi>Ric. de Mariscis</hi> Cancellarius.</note> So are the
words of the Roll, and the dayes of Payment are set down
also; and in the Rolls of the same year occurrs, <hi>Hic recepit
W. Gray Cancellaria.</hi> Yet had he not alwayes the Custody
of the Seal, for in the Charter Roll of that Year after the ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>king
his Chancellorship there is but one Patent or Charter
dated by him, as the fashion then was, with <hi>Dat. per manum
W. de G. Cancellarii nostri,</hi> or the like.</p>
<p>Those that both follow and precede,<note place="margin">Pat. 17. <hi>Joh.</hi> m. 2. <gap reason="illegible: blotted" extent="1 letter">
<desc>•</desc>
</gap>. de <hi>Mariscis</hi> Cancellar.</note> are <hi>Dat. per manum
Hugonis de Welles Archidiaconi Wellensis,</hi> who, it seems,<note place="margin">28 Apr.</note> kept
the Seal: and therefore he is expresly called the King's
Chancellor in some Monks that writ of that time,<note place="margin">Et ib. in dors. idem Cancel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>larius missus <hi>Rom<gap reason="illegible: blotted" extent="1 letter">
<desc>•</desc>
</gap>m.</hi>
</note> as o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>thers
are for the same cause: Neither was it ever heard of
them to have the Chancellorship granted,<note place="margin">Cart. 18. <hi>Joh.</hi> Rex dedit <hi>Baldwino</hi> de <hi>Guisne</hi> Ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nerium de <hi>Benefeld</hi> &c. Dat. per ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>num Magistri <hi>Ric. de Ma<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>riscis</hi> Can<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cellarii nostri apud <hi>Nareas 30 Maii.</hi>
</note> yet the Seal still
to Remain in another hand. For also while this <hi>W. de
Gray</hi> was Chancellor, <hi>Richard de Marisco</hi> whom <hi>Matthew
Paris</hi> calls <hi>Chancellor</hi> too, and others misreckon him for
one had the keeping of the Seal, the Roll is <hi>nono die Oc<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>tobris
anno regni Domini Regis 15. Liberavit Magister</hi> Richar<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dus
de Marisco <hi>Archidiaconus</hi> Richmond. & Northumbr.
<hi>Domino Regi Sigillum apud</hi> Ospring;<note place="margin">Pat. 15. <hi>Joh.</hi> p. 1. m 8. <hi>Et fin.</hi> m 5. <hi>Walt de Gray</hi> Cancellar. Ib. m. 5. Idem factus suit Episc. <hi>Wigor.</hi>
</note> and then on the 22.
of <hi>Decemb.</hi> following, <hi>apud</hi> Windlesores <hi>liberatum fuit Si<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gillum
Domino</hi> R. de Nevill, <hi>deferendum sub Domino</hi> P. Win<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>toniensi
<hi>Episcopo,</hi> that was <hi>Peter de Roches</hi> or <hi>de Rupibus</hi>
Chief Justice of <hi>England.</hi> But this here out of the infallible
testimony of Records touching <hi>W. de Gray,</hi> differs not a
little in time from the relation of the Monk, notwithstan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ding
the Seal thus committed to <hi>Ralf de Nevill</hi> who had
it also under <hi>H.</hi> 3. in the beginning of his Raign, <hi>totius
Regni ordinante consensu & consilio;</hi>
<note place="margin">Pat. 18 <hi>Joh.</hi> m. 5. <hi>Ric.</hi> de <hi>Marisco</hi> Cancellar. 14 <hi>Julii.</hi>
</note> yet the Patent and o<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther
Charters and close Letters of the time, are, for the most
part, <hi>Per Rectorem Regni,</hi> or <hi>Teste P. Wintoniensi Episcopo,</hi> or
<hi>T. H. de Burgo</hi> Chief Justice of <hi>England</hi> under <hi>H. 3. Per e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>undem;</hi>
or <hi>Per P. Wintoniensem Episcopum,</hi> or the like. And
yet also in Rolls of that time,<note place="margin">Cart. 17 <hi>Joh.</hi> m. 3. <hi>Ric.</hi> de <hi>Mariscis</hi> Cancellarius.</note> where <hi>Nevill</hi> never at all
makes the <hi>Teste,</hi> or hath his name added, mention is of him
<pb n="6" facs="tcp:62809:7"/>
for other uses as belonging to the Office of Chancellor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ship,
as the delivery of the Counterbriefs to him and
<hi>Fines,</hi> &c. <hi>mittend'</hi> in <hi>Scaccarium,</hi> according to the use of
that age. But although both Records and Story thus
make <hi>R. de Nevill</hi> Lord Keeper from King <hi>John</hi> unto
<hi>H.</hi> 3. yet had not he any Patent of either Chancellor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ship
or Keepership till 11. <hi>H.</hi> 3.<note place="margin">Cart. 11 <hi>H.</hi> 3. p. 1. m. 28.</note> where both a Patent of
the Keeping of the Seal for life, either by himself or
Deputy, and another of the Chancellorship of <hi>England
toto tempore vitae suae,</hi> were made to him, both bearing
the same Date.</p>
<p>Yet after this also,<note place="margin">An. 13 <hi>H.</hi> 3. The King granted to <hi>R.</hi> Bishop of <hi>Chichester</hi> the Chan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cellorship for life, 16 <hi>Nov.</hi>
</note> through divers oppositions in State
against the goodness and Noble Carriage of this <hi>Ralf de
Nevill,</hi> the Seal was after unjustly taken from him, and re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>stored
again as his former right.<note place="margin">And likewise to the same <hi>R.</hi> the same office, An. 16 <hi>H. 3. 14 Julii.</hi> And by ano<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ther Charter of the same date the Cu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>stody of the Seal for life also, to ex<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ercise that Keepership in person, or by an assig<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>nee.</note> And in 20 <hi>H.</hi> 3. the King
would have had it from him, <hi>Sed idem Cancellarius</hi>
(saith the Monk) <hi>hoc facere renuit, videns impetum Re<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gis
modestiae fines excedentem; dixitque se nulla ratione hoc
facere posse, cum illud communi consilio Regni suscepisset.
Quapropter nec illud similiter sine communi assensu Regni
alicui resignaret:</hi> Yet in 22 <hi>H.</hi> 3. the King violently
took it from him, and committed it to one <hi>Godfrey</hi> a
Templar, and <hi>John</hi> of <hi>Lexinton; Emolumentis tamen</hi> (so
sayes the Story) <hi>ad Cancellarium spectantibus, Episcopo
quasi Cancellario, redditis & assignatis.</hi> Afterward one <hi>Si<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>mon
Norman</hi> a Lawyer had it: and from him it was ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ken,
and committed to <hi>Richard</hi> Abbot of <hi>Evesham,</hi> who
kept it three years, and then resigned it in 26 <hi>H.</hi> 3. The
Chancellor and Keeper (of right) <hi>Nevill</hi> was afterward
reconciled to the King, and dyed 28 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</p>
<p>In the Acts of Parliament of which year, one is,<note place="margin">Vide etiam Cart. 17 H. 3. pro eodem Episcopo de eisdem Of<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ficiis pro termino vitae suae.</note> That
the Keeper of the Seal should be alwayes the Chancel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lor,
and that all things sealed otherwise should be voyd.
The words are, <hi>Si aliqua interveniente occasione Dominus
Rex abstulerit Sigillum suum à Cancellario, quicquid fuerit
interim sigillatum, irritum habeatur & inane, Deinde Can<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cellario
fiat restitutio.</hi> And it appears otherwise that they
alwayes took it unjustly done, if the Chancellorship and
Keepership were not in one: By Reason whereof, before
that, in a Charter of King <hi>John</hi>'s yet extant in some
hands, of the Moderation of the Fees of the Seal, no
person is spoken of but the Chancellor and his under
<pb n="7" facs="tcp:62809:7"/>
Officers; as if it could not have been but that who e<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ver
had the Seal, the same should only bee Chan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cellor.</p>
<p>According to that the Chancellorship and Keepership
were joyned in all the Chancellors under <hi>Henry</hi> the 3
and <hi>Edward</hi> the 1. most of which being made Bishops,
resigned their Seal and Office, although afterward under
the succeeding Kings sometimes the Seal was committed
to others hands upon some requiring occasions; and some
Lord Keepers were created in later times before Sir
<hi>Nicholas Bacon,</hi> in whose time that Statute of 5 <hi>Eliz.</hi>
was made.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div type="list_of_chancellors">
<pb facs="tcp:62809:8"/>
<pb n="9" facs="tcp:62809:8"/>
<head>A true CATALOGUE of the <hi>Lord Chancellors</hi>
and <hi>Keepers of the Great Seal of</hi> England, from the
<hi>Norman Conquest,</hi> untill this present Year 1671.</head>
<p>
<table>
<row>
<cell>An. D. 1067.
1 <hi>Will. Conq.</hi>
</cell>
<cell>MAurice (<hi>afterwards Bishop of</hi> London.)
Will. Malmsb. de Cestis Pontif. lib. 2.
f. 134. b.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Osmund (<hi>afterwards Bishop of</hi> Salisbury)
Godw. de Praesul. p. 389.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>
<hi>Anno</hi> 1073.
6 W. Conq.</cell>
<cell>Arfastus (<hi>Bishop of</hi> Helmham) Pat. 8 E. 2.
p. 1. m. 3. per Inspex.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Baldric; Pat. 8 E. 2. p. 2. m. 1. per In<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>spex.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>
<hi>Herman</hi> Bishop of <hi>Shireburne.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Will. Wilson (<hi>Chaplain to the King</hi>) Chron.
Rob. de Monte.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Will. Giffard (<hi>Bishop of</hi> Winchester) Cart.
51 H. 3. m. 1. per Inspex.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Will. Rufus.</cell>
<cell>Robert Bloet (<hi>afterwards Bishop of</hi> Lincoln)
R. Hoved. f. 265 b. n. 30.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Henr. 1.</cell>
<cell>Will. Giffard (<hi>Bishop of</hi> Winchester) Text.
Roff. cap. 6.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Roger (<hi>afterwards Bishop of</hi> Salisbury) W.
Malm. f. 91. a. l. 2.</cell>
</row>
<pb n="10" facs="tcp:62809:9"/>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Geffrey Ruffus (<hi>afterwards Bishop of</hi> Dur<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham)
H. Hunt. f. 220 b. 10.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Randulph H. Hunt. f. 218 b. n. 40.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Geffrey (<hi>Bishop of</hi> Durham) Regist. Eccl.
Elien. in Bibl. Cotton. f. 29 a.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Steph.</cell>
<cell>Alexander <hi>Bishop of</hi> Lincoln, Will. Neubri<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gensis
lib. 1. cap. 6.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Roger Pauper. Ord. Vit. p. 319 <hi>C. D.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1153.
18 <hi>Steph.</hi>
</cell>
<cell>Philip, Regist. Eccl. Elien. in Bibl. Cotton.
f. 32 a.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1157.
3 <hi>H.</hi> 2.</cell>
<cell>Thomas <hi>Archdeacon of</hi> Canterbury, R. Hoved.
281 b. n. 20. <hi>(afterwards Archbishop)</hi>
Ro. Hoved. 282 a. n. 20.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1173.
20 <hi>H.</hi> 2.</cell>
<cell>Raphe de Warnevill (<hi>Sacrist of</hi> Roan, <hi>and
Treasurer of</hi> Yorke) Matth. Paris. in
anno 1173.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1181.
26 <hi>H.</hi> 2.</cell>
<cell>Geffrey, <hi>natural Son to King</hi> Henry <hi>the 2d,</hi>
R. Hoved. f. 349. n. 10. Chancellor.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>Walter de Bidun, Lel. col. Vol. 1. p. 38.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1189.
1 <hi>R.</hi> 1.</cell>
<cell>Will. de Longcamp (<hi>afterwards Bishop of</hi> Ely)
R. Hoved. f. 375 a. n. 40.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1198. 7 <hi>R.</hi> 1.</cell>
<cell>Eustace <hi>Bishop of</hi> Ely, R. Hoved. f. 449 a.
n. 40.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1199.
1 <hi>Johan.</hi>
</cell>
<cell>Hubert <hi>Archbishop of</hi> Canterbury, R. Hoved.
f. 451 a. n. 40. Chancellor.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1204.
6 <hi>Joh.</hi>
</cell>
<cell>Hugh <hi>Archdeacon of</hi> Wells (<hi>afterwards Bi<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>shop
of</hi> Lincoln) M. Paris. in anne 1205.
Chancellor.</cell>
</row>
<pb n="11" facs="tcp:62809:9"/>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1205. 7 <hi>Joh.</hi>
</cell>
<cell>Walter de Gray, Cart. antiq. BB. n. 22. (<hi>af<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>terwards
Bishop of</hi> Worcester) Chancellor.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1212.
14 <hi>Joh.</hi>
</cell>
<cell>Richard de Marisco, Mat. Westm. in eodem an<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>no.
Chancellor.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1213.
15 <hi>Joh.</hi>
</cell>
<cell>Raphe de Nevill, <hi>Keeper of the Seal under</hi>
Peter de Roche <hi>Bishop of</hi> Winchester, Pat.
15 Joh. p. 1. m. 6.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1223.
8 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>Richard de Marisco (<hi>Bishop of</hi> Durham) Cl. 8
H. 3. m. 25. Chancellor.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1226.</cell>
<cell>Raphe Nevill (<hi>Bishop of</hi> Chichester) 12 Febr.
Cart. 12. H. 3. m. 28. Chancellor.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1230.</cell>
<cell>The same <hi>Kaphe</hi> constituted Keeper of the
Seal 14 <hi>Junii, Cart. 15 H. 3. m.</hi> 8.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1238.
22 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>Geffrey</hi> a Templar, and <hi>John de Lexinton,</hi>
made Keepers of the Seal, <hi>M. Paris. in
eodem anno.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1239.
23 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>Simon Norman,</hi> from whom the Seal was ta<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ken,
and delivered to <hi>Richard</hi> Abbot of
<hi>Evesham, M. Paris. in eodem anno.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1246
30 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>Ranulph Briton, Mat. Paris. in eodem anno,
Chancellor.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1247.
31 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>Mr. <hi>Silvester,</hi> a Clerk of the Kings, executed
the Office of the Chancellor, <hi>M. Paris. in
eodem anno.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>John de Lexinton <hi>had the Custody of the
Seal,</hi> 18 Sept. Rot. Fin. 31 H. 3. m. 2.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>
<hi>John Mansell</hi> Chancellor of the Cathedral of
St. <hi>Paul</hi> in <hi>London,</hi> had the Custody of the
Seal, to execute the Office of Chancellor,
<hi>M. Paris. in eodem an. & Pat. 31 H. 3. m.</hi> 2.</cell>
</row>
<pb n="12" facs="tcp:62809:10"/>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1249. 33 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>The same <hi>John Mansell</hi> Provost of <hi>Beverley</hi>
had the Custody of the Seal untill the
Feast of St. <hi>Mary</hi> this year, <hi>Pat. 12 H. 3.
m.</hi> 3.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1250.
34 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>Peter de Rievaulx,</hi> and Mr. <hi>Will. de Kilkenny,</hi>
had the Custody of the Seal, <hi>Claus. 34
H. 3. m.</hi> 15.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1253.
37 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>P. Chaceport,</hi> and <hi>John de Lexinton</hi> had the
Custody of the Seal, by reason that Mr.
<hi>W. (de Kilkenny)</hi> was sick 15 <hi>Maii, Rot.
Fin. 37 H. 3. m.</hi> 9.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>XXII. <hi>Junii</hi> the Queen had the Custody
thereof, the King then going into <hi>Gas<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>coign, Pat. 37 H. 3. m.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1254.
38 <hi>H.</hi> 3.</cell>
<cell>Mr. <hi>Will. de Kilkenny,</hi> the Kings Clerk, sup<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>plied
the Office of Chancellor, <hi>M. Paris.
in eodem anno.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1255.
39 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>H. de Wengham</hi> Clerk, had the Custody of
the Seal, <hi>M. Paris. in eodem anno.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1258.
42 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>VI. <hi>Maii, W. de Merton</hi> had the Custody of
the Seal, by reason that <hi>Henry de Weng<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ham</hi>
was sick, <hi>Pat.</hi> 42 H. 3. <hi>m.</hi> 29.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1260.
44 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>Mr. <hi>N.</hi> Archdeacon of <hi>Ely</hi> had the Custody
of the Seal, <hi>M. Westm. in eodem anno.</hi>
</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1261.
45 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>Walter de Merton</hi> made Chancellor without
the advise of the Barons, <hi>M. Westm. in eo<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>dem
anno, & Pat.</hi> 45 H. 3. <hi>m 18, &</hi> 19.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1263.
47 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>Mr. <hi>Nicholas</hi> Archdeacon of <hi>Ely</hi> had the Cu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>stody
of the Seal, whilst the King was be<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>yond
Sea, <hi>Pat.</hi> 47 H. 3. <hi>m.</hi> 1.</cell>
</row>
<pb n="13" facs="tcp:62809:10"/>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1265. 49 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>Mr. <hi>John Chishull</hi> Archdeacon of <hi>London</hi>
had the Custody of the Seal, <hi>Claus. 49 H. 3. m.</hi> 9.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>On Wednesday next after the Feast of St.
<hi>Peter in Cathedra</hi> the Seal was delivered to
Mr. <hi>Thomas de Cantilupe, Claus.</hi> 49 H. 3.
<hi>m.</hi> 9. who was constituted <hi>Chancellor 16
Martii, Pat.</hi> 49 H. 3. <hi>m.</hi> 18.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>W. <hi>Bishop of</hi> Bathe <hi>and</hi> Wells <hi>made</hi> Chancel<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>lor
20 Aug. Liberate de anno 49 <hi>H.</hi> 3. m. 2.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1267.
51 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>Mr. <hi>Godfrey Giffard</hi> (afterwards Bishop of
<hi>Worcester</hi>) had the Custody of the Seal,
<hi>Claus.</hi> 52. H. 3. <hi>m. 7. & m.</hi> 16.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1269.
53 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>John Chishull</hi> Dean of <hi>London</hi> had the Cu<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>stody
of the Seal on Tuesday next after
the Feast of the Apostles <hi>Simon</hi> and <hi>Jude,
Pat.</hi> 53 H. 3. <hi>m.</hi> 29.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>
<hi>Richard de Middilton</hi> made Keeper of the
Seal on Monday next before the Feast
of St. <hi>Peter ad vincula, Pat.</hi> 53 H. 3. <hi>m.</hi> 6.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1272.
56 H. 3.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>John de Kirkeby</hi> made Keeper of the Seal
(upon the death of <hi>Rich. de Middilton</hi>
Chancellor) which <hi>John</hi> did thereupon
associate to himself in that trust <hi>P. de
Winton</hi> Keeper of the Kings Wardrobe,
<hi>Pat.</hi> 56 H. 3. <hi>m.</hi> 6.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1274.
1 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>Walter de Merton, Clause 1 Edw. 1. m.
10.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell> </cell>
<cell>
<hi>Robert Burnell</hi> Archdeacon of <hi>Yorke,</hi> (after<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>wards
Bishop of <hi>Bathe</hi> and <hi>Wells</hi>) made
Keeper of the Seal upon St. <hi>Matthew</hi>
<pb n="14" facs="tcp:62809:11"/>
the Apostles day, <hi>Pat. 2 Edw. 1. m.</hi> 8.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1284.
12 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>This <hi>Robert</hi> going from <hi>Aberconwey</hi> to <hi>Ac<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>ton-Burnell,</hi>
delivered the Seal unto <hi>Hugh
de Kendall</hi> and <hi>Walter de Odyham, Pat.
12 E. 1. m.</hi> 7.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1286.
14 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>He attended the King into <hi>France,</hi> being his
<hi>Chancellor,</hi> and took the Great Seal with
him, on Munday next preceding the Feast
of St. <hi>Dunstan, Pat. 14. E. 1. m.</hi> 9.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1289.
17 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>On Friday next preceding the <hi>Assumption</hi> of
our <hi>Lady</hi> he return'd with the King out
of <hi>France,</hi> and the Seal, <hi>Pat. 17 E. 1. m.</hi> 13.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1292.
20 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>Walter de Langton</hi> Keeper of the Kings
Wardrobe, made Keeper of the Seal at
<hi>Berwick,</hi> on Saturday preceding the Feast
of the Apostles <hi>Simon</hi> and <hi>Jude, Pat. 20
E. 1. m.</hi> 2.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1293.
21 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>John de Langton <hi>made</hi> Chancellor, Pat. 21 E.
1. m. 23. <hi>afterwards Elect Bishop of</hi> Ely,
Pat.
26 E. 1. m. 10.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1302.
30 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>Mr. <hi>Will. de Grenefeld</hi> Dean of <hi>Chichester,</hi>
made <hi>Chancellor</hi> on Sunday being the mor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>row
after the Feast of St. <hi>Michael, Claus.
30 E. 1. m.</hi> 5.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1303.
31 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>The Great Seal delivered unto him on Tues<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>day
before the Feast of St. <hi>Lucie</hi> the Vir<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>gin,
<hi>Claus. 31. E. 1. in dorso m.</hi> 18.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1305.
33 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>Will. de Hamelton,</hi> Dean of <hi>Yorke,</hi> made
<hi>Chancellor,</hi> had the Great Seal delive<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>red
unto him 16 <hi>Jan. Pat. 33 E. 1.
p. 1. m.</hi> 21.</cell>
</row>
<pb n="15" facs="tcp:62809:11"/>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1307. 35 E. 1.</cell>
<cell>Rauf de Baudale <hi>Bishop of</hi> London <hi>made</hi>
Chancellor, <hi>and Keeper of the Seal,</hi> Rot.
Fin. 35 E. 1. m. 1.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1308.
1 E. 2.</cell>
<cell>John de Langton <hi>Bishop of</hi> Chichester <hi>made</hi>
Chancellor, <hi>&c.</hi> Rot. Fin. 1 E. 2. m. 9.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1311.
4 E. 2.</cell>
<cell>Walt. (Reginald) <hi>Bishop of</hi> Worcester <hi>had the
Custody of the Seal</hi> 6 iulii, Claus. 4 E. 2
m. 6. in dorso.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1312.
5 E. 2.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>He was the Kings</hi> Chancellor, Claus. 5 E. 2.
in dorso.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1315.
8 E. 2.</cell>
<cell>John de Sandale (<hi>afterwards Bishop of</hi> Win<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>chester)
<hi>the King's</hi> Chancellor, Pat. 8 E.
2. p. 2. m. 2.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1318.
11 E. 2.</cell>
<cell>John Hothum <hi>Bishop of</hi> Ely, Pat. 11 E. 2.
p. 2. m. 8.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1320.
13 E. 2.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>John (Salmon)</hi> Bishop of <hi>Norwich,</hi> named
<hi>Chancellor</hi> by the King in full Parliament,
received the Seal, <hi>Claus. 13. E. 2. in dor<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>so,
m.</hi> 9.</cell>
</row>
<row>
<cell>Anno 1323.
16 E. 2.</cell>
<cell>
<hi>Will. de Ayrmin</hi> (Mr. of the Rolls in Chan<g ref="char:EOLhyphen"/>cery)