Make 5b5 more consistent (#1120)

## Relevant Information

**This proposal is an expansion of Viktor Zenk's idea.**

5b5f+ includes a key definition. Please, read it before proceeding.

There are (at least) two possible courses, one of them should be added
explicitly to the wording:

1. **Valid positions are absolute**: The idea is that valid positions
are not relative to the state of other pieces. Therefore, It does not
matter if the nearest valid position is currently "claimed" by other
piece, it is still valid when considering the final position of the
affected piece.
2. **Valid positions are relative**: Valid positions are determined
depending on the current state of other pieces.

### Example
In the following example, the possible paths described above have
different outcomes:
1. DNF. The nearest valid positions for the affected corner are the
positions currently occupied by the blue-red-yellow and
orange-blue-yellow corners. Such positions do not render the piece
solved.
2. OK. As other positions are occupied, the only valid position for the
corner is the solved one (it is the only position available where a
corner may be normally placed).

![screen_shot_2023-04-13_at_5 49
23_pm_720](https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/59543882/231909036-3b7124db-dd07-4955-ab82-f866e6991dfd.png)

---------

Co-authored-by: Carter Kucala <42009313+CarterKoala@users.noreply.github.com>
Co-authored-by: Antonio Kam <19kamh3@gmail.com>

wca-guidelines.md

@@ -103,8 +103,9 @@ To be more informative, each Guideline is classified using one of the following
 - 5b+) [ADDITION] The competitor is not permitted to cause a puzzle defect intentionally, unless correcting a previous puzzle defect (see [Regulation 5b3b](regulations:regulation:5b3b) and [Regulation 5b3c](regulations:regulation:5b3c)). Examples of intentionally causing puzzle defects: removing an attached center cap, rotating a corner piece, peeling a sticker.
 - 5b5+) [EXAMPLE] Examples of parts physically detached, resulting in a solved state: one 3x3x3 center cap, one big cube center piece, an inner piece of a big cube.
 - 5b5++) [EXAMPLE] Examples of parts physically detached, resulting in a DNF: two 3x3x3 center caps, two big cube center pieces, a 3x3x3 edge piece, a 4x4x4 edge piece ("wing"), any combination of two pieces that both have colored parts.
-- 5b5+++) [EXAMPLE] Example of parts physically attached but not fully placed, resulting in a solved state: a 5x5x5 center piece twisted in its spot.
-- 5b5++++) [EXAMPLE] Example of parts physically attached but not fully placed, resulting in a DNF: a 3x3x3 edge piece slightly popped out.
+- 5b5f+) [EXAMPLE] There is a [Visual Guide](https://drive.google.com/file/d/15XszaCGNvy3Dk6X6qERzZWZaDH1RH04z/view) available for [Regulation 5b5f](regulations:regulation:5b5f).
+- 5b5f++) [EXAMPLE] A 4x4x4 Cube edge "wing" twisted on its spot is considered solved.
+- 5b5f+++) [EXAMPLE] A corner affected by a corner twist is considered to be placed in a valid position, but such position does not render the piece solved.
 - 5c+) [REMINDER] If a competitor has a puzzle defect, this does not grant them the right to an extra attempt.
 
 

wca-regulations.md

@@ -200,6 +200,7 @@ Note: Because Article and Regulation numbers are not reassigned when Regulations
         - 5b5c) If more than one part with one colored face is affected, the puzzle is considered unsolved (DNF).
         - 5b5d) If one or more parts with more than one colored face are affected, the puzzle is considered unsolved (DNF).
         - 5b5e) Regulations [5b5c](regulations:regulation:5b5c) and [5b5d](regulations:regulation:5b5d) supersede [5b5a](regulations:regulation:5b5a) and [5b5b](regulations:regulation:5b5b).
+        - 5b5f) If a piece is partially detached or not fully placed, its final position is the closest position in which the affected piece would normally fit within the puzzle mechanism, considering the current state of the puzzle. If the final position renders the piece solved, the piece is not considered to be affected by the puzzle defect.
     - 5b6) Definition: A part is one or more fully connected components from a group of puzzle components that remain connected and do not move relative to each other during ordinary operation of the puzzle (e.g. a 3x3x3 center cap, a Pyraminx tip, a 3x3x3 corner piece missing one face, one face of a 3x3x3 corner piece).