chore: update dev and system test images

[reubenmiller]

Proposed changes

Update dependencies (dev container and system test image):

• update to Debian 12 (bookworm)
• install mosquitto >= 2.0.18 as it fixes some bugs with the bridge that thin-edge.io is reliant on
• bump robotframework-devicelibrary version (for system tests)

Types of changes

• Bugfix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• Improvement (general improvements like code refactoring that doesn't explicitly fix a bug or add any new functionality)
• Documentation Update (if none of the other choices apply)
• Breaking change (fix or feature that would cause existing functionality to not work as expected)

Paste Link to the issue

Checklist

• I have read the CONTRIBUTING doc
• I have signed the CLA (in all commits with git commit -s)
• I ran cargo fmt as mentioned in CODING_GUIDELINES
• I used cargo clippy as mentioned in CODING_GUIDELINES
• I have added tests that prove my fix is effective or that my feature works
• I have added necessary documentation (if appropriate)

Further comments

[github-actions]

Robot Results

✅ Passed	❌ Failed	⏭️ Skipped	Total	Pass %	⏱️ Duration
356	0	3	356	100	56m26.908s

[reubenmiller]

@albinsuresh I tested out the dev container definition in this image and it built without any errors.